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最近深入学习了一下Python类与方法的使用,一边看书,一边敲代码,在实战中加深了对Python类与方法的使用,也对pygame有了更多的理解。
话不多说,有需要的友友可以直接复制粘贴以下代码到本地运行:
1、主文件 alien_invasion.py
- import sys
- import pygame
- from settings import Settings
- from ship import Ship
- from bullet import Bullet
- from alien import Alien
- from time import sleep
- from game_stats import GameStats
- from scoreboard import Scoreboard
- from button import Button
-
-
- class Alienvasion:
- """管理游戏资源和行为的类"""
-
- def __init__(self):
- """初始化游戏并创建游戏资源"""
- # 在类的方法__init__(),调用函数pygame.init()方法来初始化背景设置。
- pygame.init()
- self.settings = Settings()
-
- # 创建显示窗口,所有元素在其中显示
- self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode(
- (self.settings.screen_width, self.settings.screen_height)
- )
- pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
- # 创建一个用于存储游戏统计信息的实例
- self.stats = GameStats(self)
-
- # 创建存储游戏统计信息的实例, 并创建计分牌
- self.sb = Scoreboard(self)
-
- # 设置背景色
- # self.bg_color = self.settings.bg_color
- self.screen.fill(self.settings.bg_color)
- self.ship = Ship(self) # 放到前面去就出错,原因???
- # 创建一个编组,用于存储所有有效的子弹,是后者的一个实例
- self.bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()
- self.aliens = pygame.sprite.Group()
- self._create_fleet()
- # 创建play按钮
- self.play_button = Button(self, "Play", "white")
-
- def run_game(self):
- """开始游戏的主循环,尽可能包含少的代码"""
- while True:
- self._check_events()
-
- if self.stats.game_active:
-
- # 每次执行循环时都调用飞船的方法update()
- self.ship.update()
- self._update_bullets()
- # 调用更新每个外星人位置的方法
- self._update_aliens()
- self._update_screen()
-
- def _check_events(self):
- """响应按键和鼠标位置"""
- for event in pygame.event.get():
- if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
- sys.exit()
-
- elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
- self._check_keydown_events(event)
-
- elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
- self._check_keyup_events(event)
-
- elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
- mouse_pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
- self._check_play_button(mouse_pos)
-
- def _check_play_button(self, mouse_pos):
- """在玩家单击play按钮时开始新游戏"""
- button_clicked = self.play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_pos)
- if button_clicked and not self.stats.game_active:
- # 重置游戏设置
- self.settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()
-
- # if self.play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_pos) :
- # 重置游戏统计信息
- self.stats.reset_stats()
- self.stats.game_active = True
-
- self.sb.prep_score()
- self.sb.prep_level()
- self.sb.prep_ships()
-
- # 清空余下的外星人和子弹
- self.aliens.empty()
- self.bullets.empty()
-
- # 创建一群新的外星人并让飞船居中
- self._create_fleet()
- self.ship.center_ship()
-
- # 隐藏光标
- pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
-
- def _check_keydown_events(self, event):
- if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
- self.ship.moving_right = True
-
- elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
- self.ship.moving_left = True
-
- elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
- self._fire_bullet()
-
- def _check_keyup_events(self, event):
- if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
- self.ship.moving_right = False
-
- elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
- self.ship.moving_left = False
-
- def _update_bullets(self):
- # 更新子弹的位置
- self.bullets.update()
-
- # 删除消失的子弹
- for bullet in self.bullets.copy():
- if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:
- self.bullets.remove(bullet)
- # print(len(self.bullets))
-
- # 检查是否有子弹击中了外星人。如果是,就删除相应的子弹和外星人
- # 函数sprite.groupcollide()将一个编组中每个元素的rect同另一个编组中每个元素的rect进行比较。
- self._check_bullet_alien_collisions()
-
- def _check_bullet_alien_collisions(self):
- # 响应子弹和外星人碰撞
- # 删除发生碰撞的子弹和外星人
- collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.bullets, self.aliens, True, True)
-
- if collisions:
- for aliens in collisions.values():
- self.stats.score += self.settings.alien_points * len(aliens)
- self.sb.prep_score()
- self.sb.prep_level()
- self.sb.check_high_score()
-
- # 生成新的外星人群,空编组相当于false
- if not self.aliens:
- self.bullets.empty()
- self._create_fleet()
-
- self.settings.increase_speed()
-
- # 提高等级
- self.stats.level += 1
- self.sb.prep_level()
-
- def _ship_hit(self):
- """响应飞船被外星人撞到"""
- if self.stats.ships_left > 0:
- # 将ship_left减1
- self.stats.ships_left -= 1
-
- self.sb.prep_ships()
- # 清空余下的外星人和子弹
- self.aliens.empty()
- self.bullets.empty()
- # 创建一群新的外星人,并将飞船放到屏幕低端的中央
- self._create_fleet()
- self.ship.center_ship()
- sleep(1)
- else:
- self.stats.game_active = False
-
- # 显示光标
- pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
-
- # 检查有外星人到达屏幕底端
- def _check_aliens_bottom(self):
- # 检查是否有外星人到达了屏幕底端
- screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
- for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
- if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:
- self._ship_hit()
- break
-
- def _update_aliens(self):
- """更新外星人群中所有外星人的位置"""
- # 检查是否有外星人位于屏幕边缘,并更新整群外星人的位置
- self._check_fleet_edges()
- self.aliens.update()
-
- # 检测外星人和飞船之间的碰撞
- if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(self.ship, self.aliens):
- self._ship_hit()
-
- self._check_aliens_bottom()
-
- def _create_fleet(self):
- """创建外星人群"""
- # 创建一个外星人
- # alien=Alien(self)
- # self.aliens.add(alien)
- alien = Alien(self)
- alien_width, alien_height = alien.rect.size
- available_sapce_x = self.settings.screen_width - (2 * alien_width)
- number_aliens_x = available_sapce_x // (2 * alien_width)
-
- # 计算屏幕可容纳多少行外星人
- ship_height = self.ship.rect.height
- available_sapce_y = (
- self.settings.screen_height - (3 * alien_height) - ship_height
- )
- number_rows = available_sapce_y // (2 * alien_height)
-
- # 创建外星人群
- for row_number in range(number_rows):
- for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
- # 创建一个外星人并将其加入到当前行
- self._create_alien(alien_number, row_number)
-
- def _create_alien(self, alien_number, row_number):
- """创建一个外星人并将其放到当前行"""
- alien = Alien(self)
- alien_width, alien_height = alien.rect.size
-
- alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number
- alien.rect.x = alien.x
- alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2 * alien.rect.height * row_number
- self.aliens.add(alien)
-
- def _check_fleet_edges(self):
- """如果有外星人到达边缘时采取的相应措施"""
- for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
- if alien.check_edges():
- self._change_fleet_direction()
- break
-
- def _change_fleet_direction(self):
- # 将整群外星人下移,并改变它们的方向
- for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
- alien.rect.y += self.settings.fleet_drop_speed
- self.settings.fleet_direction *= -1
-
- def _update_screen(self):
- """更新屏幕上的图像,并切换到新屏幕"""
- self.screen.fill(self.settings.bg_color)
- self.ship.blitme()
- # 让最近绘制的屏幕可见,每次执行while循环都绘制空屏幕,擦去旧屏幕,
- # 在原位置隐藏元素,从而达到平滑移动的效果
-
- if not self.stats.game_active:
- self.play_button.draw_button()
-
- for bullet in self.bullets.sprites():
- bullet.draw_bullet()
- self.aliens.draw(self.screen)
-
- # 显示得分
- self.sb.show_score()
-
- pygame.display.flip()
-
- def _fire_bullet(self):
- """创建子弹,并将其加入编组bullets中"""
- # 限制子弹的数量
- if len(self.bullets) < self.settings.bullets_allowed:
- new_bullet = Bullet(self)
- self.bullets.add(new_bullet)
-
-
- if __name__ == "__main__":
- # 创建游戏实例并运行游戏
- ai = Alienvasion()
- ai.run_game()
2、飞船ship.py
- import pygame
- from pygame.sprite import Sprite
-
-
- class Ship(Sprite):
- """管理飞船的类"""
-
- def __init__(
- self, ai_game
- ): # 两个参数:引用self 和 指向当前AlienInvasion实例的引用,这让Ship能访问AlienInvasion中定义的所有游戏资源
- super().__init__()
- """初始化飞船并设置其初始位置"""
- self.screen = ai_game.screen
- self.screen_rect = ai_game.screen.get_rect()
- self.settings = ai_game.settings
-
- # 加载飞船图像并获取其外接矩形
- self.image = pygame.image.load(
- r"D:\program\python\Python编程从入门实践\alien_envision2.0\images\ship.bmp"
- )
- self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
-
- # 对于每一艘飞船,都将其放在屏幕底部中央
- self.rect.midbottom = self.screen_rect.midbottom
-
- self.x = float(self.rect.x)
-
- # 移动标志
- self.moving_right = False
- self.moving_left = False
-
- def update(self):
- """根据移动标志调整飞船的位置"""
- if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:
- # 更新飞船而不是rect对象的x值
- self.x += self.settings.ship_speed
-
- # 不使用elif是因为玩家可能同时按住左右键,用if更精确一些
- if self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0:
- self.x -= self.settings.ship_speed
-
- self.rect.x = self.x
-
- def blitme(self):
- """在指定位置绘制飞船"""
- self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)
-
- def center_ship(self):
- """让飞船在屏幕底端居中"""
- self.rect.midbottom = self.screen_rect.midbottom
- self.x = float(self.rect.x)
3、子弹bullet.py
- import pygame
- from pygame.sprite import Sprite
-
-
- class Bullet(Sprite):
- """管理飞船所发射子弹的类"""
-
- def __init__(self, ai_game):
- """在飞船当前位置创建一个子弹对象"""
- super().__init__()
- self.screen = ai_game.screen
- self.settings = ai_game.settings
- self.color = self.settings.bullet_color
-
- # 在(0,0)处创建一个表示子弹的矩形,再设置正确的位置。
- self.rect = pygame.Rect(
- 0, 0, self.settings.bullet_width, self.settings.bullet_height
- )
-
- # 把子弹位置放到飞船的正上方
- self.rect.midtop = ai_game.ship.rect.midtop
-
- # 存储用小数表示的子弹位置
- self.y = float(self.rect.y)
-
- def update(self):
- """向上移动子弹"""
- # 更新表示子弹位置的小数值
- self.y -= self.settings.bullet_speed
- # 更新表示子弹的rect的位置
- self.rect.y = self.y
-
- def draw_bullet(self):
- """在屏幕上绘制子弹"""
- pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, self.color, self.rect)
4、设置(速度、宽度、数量等)settings.py
- class Settings:
- """存储游戏中所有设置的类"""
-
- def __init__(self):
- """初始化游戏设置"""
-
- self.screen_width = 1200
- self.screen_height = 800
- self.bg_color = (230, 230, 230)
- self.ship_speed = 1.5
- self.ship_limit = 3
-
- # 更新子弹设置
- self.bullet_speed = 2.0
- self.bullet_width = 3
- self.bullet_height = 3
- self.bullet_color = (60, 60, 60)
-
- # 限制子弹的数量
- self.bullets_allowed = 5
-
- # 设置外星人移动的速度
- self.alien_speed = 1.0
-
- # 外星人设置
- self.fleet_drop_speed = 4
- # fleet_direction 为1表示向右移动,为-1表示向左移动
- self.fleet_direction = 1
- self.text_color = "red"
-
- # 加快游戏节奏的速度
- self.speedup_scale = 1
-
- # 外星人分数的提高速度
- self.score_scale = 1.5
-
- self.initialize_dynamic_settings()
-
- def initialize_dynamic_settings(self):
- """初始化随游戏进行而变化的设置"""
- self.ship_speed = 1.5
- self.bullet_speed = 4.0
- self.alien_speed = 1.0
-
- self.fleet_direction = 0.8
-
- self.alien_points = 50
-
- def increase_speed(self):
- """提高速度设置"""
- self.ship_speed *= self.speedup_scale
- self.bullet_speed *= self.speedup_scale
- self.alien_speed *= self.speedup_scale
-
- self.alien_points = int(self.alien_points * self.score_scale)
'运行
5、外星人alien.py
- import pygame
- from pygame.sprite import Sprite
-
-
- class Alien(Sprite):
- """表示单个外星人的类"""
-
- def __init__(self, ai_game):
- """初始化外星人并设置其起始位置"""
- super().__init__()
- self.screen = ai_game.screen
- self.settings = ai_game.settings
-
- # 加载外星人图像并设置其rect属性
- self.image = pygame.image.load(
- r"D:\program\python\Python编程从入门实践\alien_envision2.0\images\alien.bmp"
- )
- self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
-
- # 每个外星人最初都在屏幕左上角附近
- self.rect.x = self.rect.width
- self.rect.y = self.rect.height
-
- # 存储外星人的精确水平位置
- self.x = float(self.rect.x)
-
- # 检查外星人是否撞到了屏幕边缘
- def check_edges(self):
- screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
- if self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right or self.rect.left <= 0:
- return True
-
- def update(self):
- # """向右移动外星人"""
- # self.x += self.settings.alien_speed
- # self.rect.x = self.x
-
- # 向右或向左移动外星人
- self.x += self.settings.alien_speed * self.settings.fleet_direction
- self.rect.x = self.x
6、统计分数 scoreboard.py
- import pygame.font
- from pygame.sprite import Group
- from ship import Ship
-
-
- class Scoreboard:
- # 显示得分信息的类
-
- def __init__(self, ai_game):
- self.ai_game = ai_game
-
- # 初始化显示得分涉及的属性
- self.screen = ai_game.screen
-
- self.screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
- self.settings = ai_game.settings
- self.stats = ai_game.stats
-
- # 显示得分信息时使用的字体设置
- self.text_color = (30, 30, 30)
- self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 48)
-
- # 准备最高得分的图像和当前得分的图像
- self.prep_score()
- self.prep_high_score()
- self.prep_level()
-
- self.prep_ships()
-
- def prep_ships(self):
- # 显示还剩下多少艘飞船
- self.ships = Group()
- for ship_number in range(self.stats.ships_left):
- ship = Ship(self.ai_game)
- ship.rect.x = 10 + ship_number * ship.rect.width
- ship.rect.y = 10
- self.ships.add(ship)
-
- def prep_score(self):
- # 将得分转换为一幅渲染的图像
- rounded_score = round(self.stats.score, -1)
- score_str = "{:,}".format(rounded_score)
-
- score_str = str(self.stats.score)
- self.score_image = self.font.render(
- score_str, True, self.text_color, self.settings.bg_color
- )
-
- # 在屏幕右上角显示得分
- self.score_rect = self.score_image.get_rect()
- self.score_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right - 20
- self.score_rect.top = 20
-
- def prep_high_score(self):
- # 将最高得分转换为渲染的图像
- high_score = round(self.stats.high_score, -1)
- high_score_str = "{:,}".format(high_score)
- self.high_score_image = self.font.render(
- high_score_str, True, self.text_color, self.settings.bg_color
- )
-
- # 将最高得分放在屏幕顶部中央
- self.high_score_rect = self.high_score_image.get_rect()
- self.high_score_rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
- self.high_score_rect.top = self.score_rect.top
-
- def prep_level(self):
- # 将等级转换为渲染的图像
- level_str = str(self.stats.level)
- self.level_image = self.font.render(
- level_str, True, self.text_color, self.settings.bg_color
- )
-
- # 将等级放在得分下方
- self.level_rect = self.level_image.get_rect()
- self.level_rect.right = self.score_rect.right
- self.level_rect.top = self.score_rect.bottom + 10
-
- def check_high_score(self):
- # 检查是否诞生了新的最高得分
- if self.stats.score > self.stats.high_score:
- self.stats.high_score = self.stats.score
- self.prep_high_score()
-
- def show_score(self):
- # 在屏幕上显示得分
- self.screen.blit(self.score_image, self.score_rect)
-
- self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image, self.high_score_rect)
- # 显示等级
- self.screen.blit(self.level_image, self.level_rect)
-
-
- self.ships.draw(self.screen)
7、按钮button.py
- import pygame.font
-
- class Button:
- def __init__(self, ai_game, msg, text_color):
- # 初始化按钮的属性
- self.screen = ai_game.screen
- self.screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
-
- # 设置按钮的尺寸和其他属性
- self.width, self.height = 200, 50
- self.button_color = (0, 100, 0)
- self.text_color = text_color # 新增的文本颜色属性
- self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 48)
-
- # 创建按钮的 rect 对象,并使其居中
- self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.width, self.height)
- self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center
- # 按钮的标签只需要创建一次
- self._prep_msg(msg)
-
- def _prep_msg(self, msg):
- # 将 msg 渲染成图像,并使其在按钮上居中
- self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg, True, self.text_color) # 使用传入的文本颜色
- self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()
- self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.center
-
- def draw_button(self):
- # 绘制一个用颜色填充的按钮,再绘制文本
- self.screen.fill(self.button_color, self.rect)
- self.screen.blit(self.msg_image, self.msg_image_rect)
8、游戏初始化设置game_stats.py
- class GameStats:
- def __init__(self, ai_game):
- """初始化统计信息"""
- self.settings = ai_game.settings
- self.reset_stats()
-
- self.game_active = False
-
- #任何情况下都不应该重置最高得分
- self.high_score=0
-
- def reset_stats(self):
- """初始化在游戏运行期间可能变化的统计信息"""
- self.ships_left = self.settings.ship_limit
-
- self.score = 0
-
- self.level=1
'运行
把上面的8个文件按照文件名复制粘贴到本地,用编辑器打开,安装pygame模块,把外星人和飞船的.bmp文件放到images文件夹中,运行alien_invasion.py文件便可以开始游戏啦~
也可以自定义游戏内容,比如图片内容,在settings.py中修改游戏难易程度等,游戏效果如下:
本篇博客适合新人小白,喜欢的话就点个赞支持一下吧~
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