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Rabbitmq的几种工作模式

作者：小舞很执着 | 2024-08-04 14:49:51

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Rabbitmq的几种工作模式

工具类


public class RabbitMQConnection {
    public static Connection getConnection() throws Exception{
        //1.创建connectionFactory
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        //2.配置Host
        connectionFactory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
        //3.设置Port
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        //4.设置账户和密码
        connectionFactory.setUsername("guest");
        connectionFactory.setPassword("guest");
        //5.设置VirtualHost
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("0517");
        return connectionFactory.newConnection();
    }
}

点对点(简单)的队列

图解：

生产者代码


public class Producer {
    private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "hello";
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //创建一个连接工厂
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
        factory.setUsername("guest");
        factory.setPassword("guest");
        //channel 实现了自动 close 接口 自动关闭 不需要显示关闭
        try(Connection connection = factory.newConnection(); Channel channel =
                connection.createChannel()) {
            /**
             * 生成一个队列
             * 1.队列名称
             * 2.队列里面的消息是否持久化 默认消息存储在内存中
             * 3.该队列是否只供一个消费者进行消费 是否进行共享 true 可以多个消费者消费
             * 4.是否自动删除 最后一个消费者端开连接以后 该队列是否自动删除 true 自动删除
             * 5.其他参数
             */
            channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);
            String message="hello world";
            /**
             * 发送一个消息
             * 1.发送到那个交换机
             * 2.路由的 key 是哪个
             * 3.其他的参数信息
             * 4.发送消息的消息体
             */
            channel.basicPublish("",QUEUE_NAME,null,message.getBytes());
            System.out.println("消息发送完毕");
        }
    }
}

消费者代码


public class Consumer {
    private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "hello";
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
        factory.setUsername("guest");
        factory.setPassword("guest");
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        System.out.println("等待接收消息....");
        //推送的消息如何进行消费的接口回调
        DeliverCallback deliverCallback=(consumerTag, delivery)->{
            String message= new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.out.println(message);
        };
        //取消消费的一个回调接口 如在消费的时候队列被删除掉了
        CancelCallback cancelCallback=(consumerTag)->{
            System.out.println("消息消费被中断");
        };
        /**
         * 消费者消费消息
         * 1.消费哪个队列
         * 2.消费成功之后是否要自动应答 true 代表自动应答 false 手动应答
         * 3.消费者未成功消费的回调
         */
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME,true,deliverCallback,cancelCallback);
    }
}

重点解析：点对点没什么可说的，就是生产者产生消息给到消息队列，第一次已推送的形式给到消费者，之后就是消费者端主动的拉取，需要在生产端创建好队列或在图形化页面创建好队列

工作(公平性)队列模式

图解：

生产者代码


public class Task01 {
    private static final String QUEUE_NAME="hello";
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        try(Channel channel=RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();) {
            channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);
            //从控制台当中接受信息
            Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
            while (scanner.hasNext()){
                String message = scanner.next();
                channel.basicPublish("",QUEUE_NAME,null,message.getBytes());
                System.out.println("发送消息完成:"+message);
            }
        }
    }
}

消费者代码

消费者1：


public class Consumer1 {
    private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "hello";
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();
 
        //推送的消息如何进行消费的接口回调
        DeliverCallback deliverCallback=(consumerTag, delivery)->{
            String receivedMessage = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.out.println("接收到消息:"+receivedMessage);
        };
        CancelCallback cancelCallback=(consumerTag)->{
            System.out.println(consumerTag+"消费者取消消费接口回调逻辑");
        };
        System.out.println("C1 消费者启动等待消费......");
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME,true,deliverCallback,cancelCallback);
    }
}

消费者2：


public class Consumer2 {
    private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "hello";
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
 
        Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();
 
        //推送的消息如何进行消费的接口回调
        DeliverCallback deliverCallback=(consumerTag, delivery)->{
            String receivedMessage = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.out.println("接收到消息:"+receivedMessage);
        };
        CancelCallback cancelCallback=(consumerTag)->{
            System.out.println(consumerTag+"消费者取消消费接口回调逻辑");
        };
        System.out.println("C2 消费者启动等待消费......");
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME,true,deliverCallback,cancelCallback);
    }
}

重点解析：

工作(公平性)队列模式,和点对点差不多,就是生产者将消息直接存放到队列中，然后队列默认采用轮询的形式选择消费者进行消费

当然也可以设置channel.basicQos(i)的形式进行公平分发(谁处理快，谁做的多)

这里公平的意思是谁做的多,谁处理的多，并不是平均分配的意思

发布订阅模式

图解：

生产者代码


public class ProducerFanout {
    //定义交换机名称
    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "fanout_exchange";
 
    public static void main(String[] args) throws  Exception{
        //创建连接
        Connection connection = RabbitMQConnection.getConnection();
        //创建通道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //通道关联交换机(创建交换机)(fanout类型会自动创建)
        //channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout", true);
        //channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.FANOUT, true);
        String msg = "程子强你好";
        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "", null, msg.getBytes());
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

消费者代码

消费者1：


public class MailConsumer {
    /**
     * 定义邮件队列
     */
    private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "fanout_email_queue";
    /**
     * 定义交换机的名称
     */
    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "fanout_exchange";
 
    public static void main(String[] args) throws  Exception{
        System.out.println("邮件消费者...");
        // 创建我们的连接
        Connection connection = RabbitMQConnection.getConnection();
        // 创建我们通道
        final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        // 关联队列消费者关联队列
        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "");
        DefaultConsumer defaultConsumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                String msg = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                System.out.println("邮件消费者获取消息:" + msg);
            }
        };
        // 开始监听消息 自动签收
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, defaultConsumer);
 
    }
}

消费者2：


public class SmsConsumer {
    /**
     * 定义短信队列
     */
    private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "fanout_email_sms";
    /**
     * 定义交换机的名称
     */
    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "fanout_exchange";
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        System.out.println("短信消费者...");
    // 创建我们的连接
    Connection connection = RabbitMQConnection.getConnection();
    // 创建我们通道
    final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
    // 关联队列消费者关联队列
        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "");
    DefaultConsumer defaultConsumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
        @Override
        public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
            String msg = new String(body, "UTF-8");
            System.out.println("短信消费者获取消息:" + msg);
        }
    };
    // 开始监听消息 自动签收
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, defaultConsumer);
 
}
}

重点解析：

发布订阅模式，和前两种模式不同这里用到了一个fanout类型的交换机(具体交换机的类型和概念小伙伴们可以自行查阅下，这里主要讲工作模式)，生产者将消息发送给这个交换机，这个交换机把消息发送给每一个和其绑定的队列(注意fanout类型的交换机不需要key所以生产者传递直接传""就好)

路由模式Routing

图解：

生产者代码


public class ReceiveLogsDirect {
    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "direct_logs";
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        try (Connection connection = RabbitMQConnection.getConnection(); Channel channel =
                connection.createChannel()) {
            //创建交换机
            channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT,true);
            //创建多个 bindingKey
            Map<String, String> bindingKeyMap = new HashMap<>();
            bindingKeyMap.put("info","普通 info 信息");
            bindingKeyMap.put("warning","警告 warning 信息");
            bindingKeyMap.put("error","错误 error 信息");
            //debug 没有消费这接收这个消息 所有就丢失了
            bindingKeyMap.put("debug","调试 debug 信息");
 
            for (Map.Entry<String, String> bindingKeyEntry: bindingKeyMap.entrySet()){
                String bindingKey = bindingKeyEntry.getKey();
                String message = bindingKeyEntry.getValue();
                channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,bindingKey, null,
                        message.getBytes("UTF-8"));
                System.out.println("生产者发出消息:" + message);
            }
        }
    }
}

消费者代码

消费者1：


public class ReceiveLogsDirect01 {
    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "direct_logs";
 
    public static void main(String[] args) throws  Exception{
        Connection connection = RabbitMQConnection.getConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //写不写都可以，如果代码创建在生产端写，如果是浏览器创建,就不需要写这段代码
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT,true);
        String queueName = "disk";
        channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, "error");
        System.out.println("等待接收消息.....");
        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
            String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            message="接收绑定键:"+delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey()+",消息:"+message;
            File file = new File("E:\\xxx\\rabbitmq_info.txt");//路径任意写
            FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file,message,"UTF-8");
            System.out.println("错误日志已经接收");
        };
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
        });
    }
}

消费者2：


public class ReceiveLogsDirect02 {
    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "direct_logs";
    public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
        Connection connection = RabbitMQConnection.getConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT,true);
        String queueName = "console";
        channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, "info");
        channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, "warning");
        System.out.println("等待接收消息.....");
        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
            String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            System.out.println(" 接收绑定键 :"+delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey()+", 消息:"+message);
        };
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
        });
    }
}

重点解析：

路由模式，用到了direct类型的交换机，简单讲就是队列通过key和交换机进行绑定,生产者那边传入的key和消息给交换机,如果该队列绑定的key与其传入的key相同则,交换机讲该消息传给对应的队列,一个队列可以绑定多个key

通配符模式Topics(主题)

图解：

生产者代码


public class ProducerTopic {
    /**
     * 定义交换机的名称
     */
    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic_exchange";
 
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        //  创建Connection
        Connection connection = RabbitMQConnection.getConnection();
        // 创建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        // 通道关联交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic", true);
        String msg = "我是xxx";
        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "czq.hhh.aa", null, msg.getBytes());
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

消费者代码

消费者1：


public class SmsConsumer {
    /**
     * 定义短信队列
     */
    private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "topic_sms_queue";
    /**
     * 定义交换机的名称
     */
    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic_exchange";
 
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        System.out.println("短信消费者...");
        //  创建Connection
        Connection connection = RabbitMQConnection.getConnection();
        // 创建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        // 关联队列消费者关联队列
        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "czq.#");
        DefaultConsumer defaultConsumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                String msg = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                System.out.println("短信消费者获取消息:" + msg);
            }
        };
        // 开始监听消息 自动签收
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, defaultConsumer);
 
    }
}

消费者2：


public class MailConsumer {
    /**
     * 定义邮件队列
     */
    private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "topic_email_queue";
    /**
     * 定义交换机的名称
     */
    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic_exchange";
 
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        System.out.println("邮件消费者...");
        //  创建Connection
        Connection connection = RabbitMQConnection.getConnection();
        // 创建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        // 关联队列消费者关联队列
        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "*.boyatop.#");
        DefaultConsumer defaultConsumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                String msg = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                System.out.println("邮件消费者获取消息:" + msg);
            }
        };
        // 开始监听消息 自动签收
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, defaultConsumer);
 
    }
}

重点解析：

通配符模式，用到了topic类型的交换机，简单讲与通配符模式原理大致,差别在于根据队列绑定的路由建模糊转发到具体的队列中存放。其中#号表示支持匹配多个词；*号表示只能匹配一个词，假如同一个队列与交换机直接设置的多个模糊的key都符合传入的，那么也只传送一次

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