WPF 附加属性+控件模板，完成自定义控件。建议观看HandyControl源码

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WPF控件模板(6)

WPF 附加属性

WPF教程：附加属性

前言

今天说服了领导用WPF开发前端，原因就是开发相对来说比较方便，写小项目就不用前后端分离什么的了。反正就是有个机会写WPF了，真开心。我已经写了一年的Uniapp了

需要实现的效果

就是想写一个简单的变色控件。

附加属性

如果想知道附加属性，就得先了解依赖属性。详细的可以看我这篇文章

WPF 用户控件依赖属性赋值

添加附加属性，以Test修改FontSize为例

知道了依赖属性之后，我解释一下附加属性是什么意思。附加属性就是为了方便在原有的控件基础上面进行细微的修改。我们先保证编译通过

附加属性的快捷键是propa

简单给TextBox添加一个附加属性

    public partial class TextBlockExtension
    {



        public static int GetTest(DependencyObject obj)
        {
            return (int)obj.GetValue(TestProperty);
        }

        public static void SetTest(DependencyObject obj, int value)
        {
            obj.SetValue(TestProperty, value);
        }

        // Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for Test.  This enables animation, styling, binding, etc...
        public static readonly DependencyProperty TestProperty =
            DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached("Test", typeof(int), typeof(TextBox), new PropertyMetadata(10));
        
        
    }
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这样我们就能编译通过了。

<TextBlock Text="用户"  wpfEx:TextBlockExtension.Test="2"/>
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依赖属性使用

依赖属性有两种使用方法

触发器使用

样式定义

    <!--一个简单的FontSize修改-->
    <Style x:Key="UserSelection"
           TargetType="TextBlock">
        <!--因为Triggers只有等于判断，所以这里简单写了一下-->
        <Style.Triggers>
            <Trigger Property="wpfEx:TextBlockExtension.Test"
                     Value="10">
                <Setter Property="FontSize"
                        Value="10" />
            </Trigger>
            <Trigger Property="wpfEx:TextBlockExtension.Test"
                     Value="20">
                <Setter Property="FontSize"
                        Value="20" />
            </Trigger>
        </Style.Triggers>
    </Style>
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简单使用

 <TextBlock Text="用户"
            wpfEx:TextBlockExtension.Test="10" Style="{StaticResource UserSelection}">
     
 </TextBlock>
 <TextBlock Text="用户"
            wpfEx:TextBlockExtension.Test="20"
            Style="{StaticResource UserSelection}">
 </TextBlock>
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直接操控

附加属性修改

//如果想直接操控元素，得在PropertyMetadata进行操控。记得设置初始值
public static readonly DependencyProperty TestProperty =
    DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached("Test", typeof(int), typeof(TextBox), new PropertyMetadata(10,(s, e) =>
    {
        //s是控件本身，
        var mdp = s as TextBlock;
        //如果控件是该元素的父组件，类似于Grid和DockPanel，就使用Parent来寻找，这里不展开
        //var mdpParent = (s as FrameworkElement).Parent as TextBlock;
        if (mdp != null && e.NewValue != null)
        {
            mdp.FontSize = (int)e.NewValue;
        }
    }));
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<!--如果想要预览生效需要重新编译一下-->
<TextBlock Text="用户"
           wpfEx:TextBlockExtension.Test="15">

</TextBlock>
<TextBlock Text="用户"
           wpfEx:TextBlockExtension.Test="20">
</TextBlock>
<!--因为我们设置了默认值为10，所以这里是10-->
<TextBlock Text="用户">
</TextBlock>
<!--优先级还是依赖属性高，所以这里是30而不是默认值10-->
<TextBlock Text="用户" FontSize="30">
</TextBlock>
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结论

附加属性和依赖属性差不多，就是声明麻烦一点。因为Get,Set是需要额外写的。

控件模板，在HandyControl的基础上面进行修改

控件模板一般用于按钮，我们只要会按钮的控件模板就可以了。

WPF控件模板(6)

参考HandyControl的源码

HandyControl 页面

HandyControl的Button有IconButton的样式源码。看一下还是挺有收获的。

参考样式代码

 <Style x:Key="ButtonDashedBaseStyle" BasedOn="{StaticResource ButtonBaseStyle}" TargetType="Button">
     <Setter Property="Background" Value="Transparent"/>
     <Setter Property="Template">
         <Setter.Value>
             <ControlTemplate TargetType="Button">
                 <hc:DashedBorder BorderDashArray="3,2" BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}" BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}" Background="Transparent" CornerRadius="{Binding Path=(hc:BorderElement.CornerRadius),RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}}">
                     <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" HorizontalAlignment="{TemplateBinding HorizontalContentAlignment}" VerticalAlignment="{TemplateBinding VerticalContentAlignment}" Margin="{TemplateBinding Padding}">
                         <Path x:Name="PathMain" Width="{TemplateBinding hc:IconElement.Width}" Height="{TemplateBinding hc:IconElement.Height}" Fill="{TemplateBinding Foreground}" SnapsToDevicePixels="True" Stretch="Uniform" Data="{TemplateBinding hc:IconElement.Geometry}"/>
                         <ContentPresenter x:Name="ContentPresenterMain" RecognizesAccessKey="True" VerticalAlignment="Center" Margin="6,0,0,0" SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}"/>
                     </StackPanel>
                 </hc:DashedBorder>
                 <ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                     <Trigger Property="Content" Value="{x:Null}">
                         <Setter Property="Visibility" Value="Collapsed" TargetName="ContentPresenterMain"/>
                     </Trigger>
                     <Trigger Property="hc:IconElement.Geometry" Value="{x:Null}">
                         <Setter Property="Visibility" Value="Collapsed" TargetName="PathMain"/>
                         <Setter Property="Margin" Value="0" TargetName="ContentPresenterMain"/>
                     </Trigger>
                 </ControlTemplate.Triggers>
             </ControlTemplate>
         </Setter.Value>
     </Setter>
 </Style>
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控件模板原型

我们想写一个控件模板，如果不是很熟练，我们就先把控件模板的原型写出来，这样更利于理解。

 <DockPanel>
     <!--这里仿照HandyControl，使用Gemotery。IconPacks怎么转Gemotery可以看我的文章-->


     <Border DockPanel.Dock="Top"
             Width="50"
             Height="50"
             CornerRadius="25"
             Background="DeepSkyBlue">
         <Path Data="{wpfEx:MaterialGeometry Kind=BellRing}"
               HorizontalAlignment="Stretch"
               VerticalAlignment="Stretch"
               SnapsToDevicePixels="True"
               Stretch="Uniform"
               Width="25"
               Height="25"
               Fill="White" />
     </Border>

     <TextBlock Text="TIM登录"
                HorizontalAlignment="Center" />
 </DockPanel>
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控件模板

<Style x:Key="UserSelection"
       TargetType="RadioButton"
       BasedOn="{StaticResource {x:Type RadioButton}}">
    <Setter Property="Template">
        <Setter.Value>
            <!--先按照之前的样式粘贴一下-->
            <ControlTemplate TargetType="RadioButton">
                <DockPanel>
                    <Border DockPanel.Dock="Top"
                            Width="50"
                            Height="50"
                            CornerRadius="25"
                            Background="DeepSkyBlue">
                        <Path Data="{wpfEx:MaterialGeometry Kind=BellRing}"
                              HorizontalAlignment="Stretch"
                              VerticalAlignment="Stretch"
                              SnapsToDevicePixels="True"
                              Stretch="Uniform"
                              Width="25"
                              Height="25"
                              Fill="White" />
                    </Border>
                    <ContentPresenter x:Name="ContentPresenterMain"
                                      RecognizesAccessKey="True"
                                      VerticalAlignment="Center"
                                      Margin="6,0,0,0"
                                      SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}" />
                </DockPanel>
            </ControlTemplate>
        </Setter.Value>
    </Setter>
</Style>

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然后里面能绑定的就绑定。也是照着HandyControl改的。注意这里的Banding用的是TemplateBinding

修改好的效果

<!--一个简单的FontSize修改-->
<Style x:Key="UserSelection"
       TargetType="RadioButton"
       BasedOn="{StaticResource {x:Type RadioButton}}">
    <Setter Property="Template">
        <Setter.Value>
            <!--先按照之前的样式粘贴一下-->
            <ControlTemplate TargetType="RadioButton">
                <DockPanel>
                    <Border DockPanel.Dock="Top"
                            Width="{TemplateBinding hc:IconElement.Width}"
                            Height="{TemplateBinding hc:IconElement.Height}"
                            CornerRadius="25"
                            Background="{TemplateBinding Foreground}">
                        <Path Data="{TemplateBinding hc:IconElement.Geometry}"
                              HorizontalAlignment="Stretch"
                              VerticalAlignment="Stretch"
                              SnapsToDevicePixels="True"
                              Stretch="Uniform"
                              Width="25"
                              Height="25"
                              Fill="{TemplateBinding Background}" />
                    </Border>
                    <ContentPresenter x:Name="ContentPresenterMain"
                                      RecognizesAccessKey="True"
                                      VerticalAlignment="Center"
                                        
                                      Margin="6,0,0,0"
                                      SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}" />
                </DockPanel>
            </ControlTemplate>
        </Setter.Value>
    </Setter>
</Style>

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简单使用

<RadioButton Content="TIM登录"
             GroupName="UserSelect"
             Style="{StaticResource UserSelection}"
             Foreground="DeepSkyBlue"
             Background="White"
             hc:IconElement.Geometry="{wpfEx:MaterialGeometry Kind=AbTesting}" />

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控件模板触发器

完整样式

<ResourceDictionary xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
                    xmlns:wpfEx="clr-namespace:BluetoothWPF.WpfExtensions"
                    xmlns:hc="https://handyorg.github.io/handycontrol"
                    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml">
    <!--一个简单的FontSize修改-->
    <Style x:Key="UserSelection"
           TargetType="RadioButton"
           BasedOn="{StaticResource {x:Type RadioButton}}">
        <Setter Property="Foreground"
                Value="Gray" />
        <Setter Property="Template">
            <Setter.Value>
                <!--先按照之前的样式粘贴一下-->
                <ControlTemplate TargetType="RadioButton">
                    <DockPanel>
                        <Border DockPanel.Dock="Top"
                                Width="70"
                                Height="70"
                                CornerRadius="35"
                                x:Name="Background">
                            <Path Data="{TemplateBinding hc:IconElement.Geometry}"
                                  x:Name="Icon"
                                  HorizontalAlignment="Stretch"
                                  VerticalAlignment="Stretch"
                                  SnapsToDevicePixels="True"
                                  Stretch="Uniform"
                                  Width="35"
                                  Height="35"
                                  Fill="Gray" />
                        </Border>
                        <ContentPresenter x:Name="ContentPresenterMain"
                                          RecognizesAccessKey="True"
                                          VerticalAlignment="Center"
                                          HorizontalAlignment="Center"
                                          Margin="6,0,0,0"
                                          SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}" />
                    </DockPanel>
                    <ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                        <Trigger Property="IsMouseOver"
                                 Value="True">
                            <Setter TargetName="Background"
                                    Property="Background"
                                    Value="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent},Path=Background}" />
                            <Setter TargetName="Icon"
                                    Property="Fill"
                                    Value="White" />
                        </Trigger>
                        <Trigger Property="IsFocused"
                                 Value="True">
                            <Setter TargetName="Background"
                                    Property="Background"
                                    Value="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent},Path=Background}" />
                            <Setter TargetName="Icon"
                                    Property="Fill"
                                    Value="White" />
                        </Trigger>
                    </ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                </ControlTemplate>
            </Setter.Value>
        </Setter>
    </Style>
    <Style TargetType="RadioButton"
           x:Key="UserSelectioin_Admin"
           BasedOn="{StaticResource UserSelection}">
        <Setter Property="HorizontalAlignment"
                Value="Right" />
        <Setter Property="Margin"
                Value="0 0 10 0" />
        <Setter Property="Background"
                Value="DeepSkyBlue" />
        <Setter Property="hc:IconElement.Geometry"
                Value="{wpfEx:MaterialGeometry Kind=AccountLock}" />
        <Setter Property="Content"
                Value="管理员登录" />

    </Style>
    <Style TargetType="RadioButton"
           x:Key="UserSelectioin_User"
           BasedOn="{StaticResource UserSelection}">
        <Setter Property="HorizontalAlignment"
                Value="Left" />
        <Setter Property="Margin"
                Value="10 0 0 0" />
        <Setter Property="Background"
                Value="Green" />
        <Setter Property="hc:IconElement.Geometry"
                Value="{wpfEx:MaterialGeometry Kind=Account}" />
        <Setter Property="Content"
                Value="用户" />
    </Style>
</ResourceDictionary>
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简单使用

<RadioButton Style="{StaticResource UserSelectioin_Admin}" />
<RadioButton Style="{StaticResource UserSelectioin_User}" />
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结论

HandyControl的源码看了真的是打开眼界，但是WPF的Xaml有一个无法在内部简单计算的问题。比如我想Witdh=Height = CornerRadius*2。我可能就要写个触发器了。我后面回去测试一下有没有方法可以在Xaml里面简单计算的。