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目录
爬虫基本过程:
1.请求标头 headers
2.创建一个会话 requests.Session
3.确定请求的路径
4.根据路径获取网页资源(HTML文件)
5.解析html文件BeautifulSoup div a 标签 获取对应的图片
6.建立网络连接进行下载 创建出下载的图片
了解基本HTML结构
保存带有图片的网页
查找带有data-imgurl属性的标签获取url
- <html>
- <head></head>
- <body></body>
- </html>
头:引用资源
体:包含一切标签
可以 F12 或者 ctrl+shift+i 打开控制台,查看网页代码,获取自己想要的信息
具体可以参考下面的这篇文章:
https://blog.csdn.net/m0_56051805/article/details/128407402
以爬取百度网页图片为例,大致实现如下
根据地址查找对应图片的信息:
- # 根据地址去查找 对应的图片的信息
- def Find(url, A):
- global List # 保存信息的列表
- print('正在检测图片总数,请稍等.....')
- t = 0
- i = 1
- s = 0
- while t < 1000:
- # 时间戳 不简单刷新访问网址
- Url = url + str(t)
- try:
- # get获取数据
- Result = A.get(Url, timeout=7, allow_redirects=False)
- except BaseException:
- t = t + 60
- continue
- else:
- # 拿到网站的数据
- result = Result.text
- # 找到图片url
- pic_url = re.findall('"objURL":"(.*?)",', result, re.S)
- # 图片总数
- s += len(pic_url)
- if len(pic_url) == 0:
- break
- else:
- List.append(pic_url)
- t = t + 60
- return s
-
记录下相关的数据信息:
- # 记录相关数据
- def recommend(url):
- Re = []
- try:
- html = requests.get(url, allow_redirects=False)
- except error.HTTPError as e:
- return
- else:
- html.encoding = 'utf-8'
- # html文件解析
- bsObj = BeautifulSoup(html.text, 'html.parser')
- div = bsObj.find('div', id='topRS')
- if div is not None:
- listA = div.findAll('a')
- for i in listA:
- if i is not None:
- Re.append(i.get_text())
- return Re
-
对相应网页的图片进行下载:
- # 下载图片
- def dowmloadPicture(html, keyword):
- global num
- # 找到图片url
- pic_url = re.findall('"objURL":"(.*?)",', html, re.S)
- print('找到关键词:' + keyword + '的图片,开始下载图片....')
- for each in pic_url:
- print('正在下载第' + str(num + 1) + '张图片,图片地址:' + str(each))
- try:
- if each is not None:
- pic = requests.get(each, timeout=7)
- else:
- continue
- except BaseException:
- print('错误,当前图片无法下载')
- continue
- else:
- string = file + r'\\' + str(num) + '.jpg'
- fp = open(string, 'wb')
- fp.write(pic.content)
- fp.close()
- num += 1
- if num >= numPicture:
- return
-
伪装成浏览器向网页提取服务:
- if __name__ == '__main__': # 主函数入口
- # 模拟浏览器 请求数据 伪装成浏览器向网页提取服务
- headers = {
- 'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2',
- 'Connection': 'keep-alive',
- 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:60.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/60.0',
- 'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1'
- }
-
- # 创建一个请求的会话
- A = requests.Session()
- # 设置头部信息
- A.headers = headers
-
- word = input("输入要搜索的关键词:")
- # 拼接路径
- url = 'https://image.baidu.com/search/flip?ct=201326592&cl=2&st=-1&lm=-1&nc=1&ie=utf-8&tn=baiduimage&ipn=r&rps=1&pv=&fm=rs1&word=' + word
-
- # 根据路径去查找
- total = Find(url, A)
- # 记录相关推荐图片
- Recommend = recommend(url)
- print('经过检测%s类图片共有%d张' % (word, total))
-
- numPicture = int(input('输入要下载的数量'))
- file = input('请建立一个存储图片的文件夹,输入文件夹名称即可: ')
- y = os.path.exists(file)
- if y == 1:
- print('该文件已存在,请重新输入')
- file = input('请建立一个存储图片的文件夹,)输入文件夹名称即可: ')
- os.mkdir(file)
- else:
- os.mkdir(file)
-
- t = 0
- tmp = url
-
- while t < numPicture:
- try:
- url = tmp + str(t)
- result = requests.get(url, timeout=10)
- print(url)
- except error.HTTPError as e:
- print('网络错误,请调整网络后重试')
- t = t + 60
- else:
- dowmloadPicture(result.text, word)
- t = t + 60
测试过程如下
1 输入要搜索的图片,可以检索网页图片的数量
2 输入自己想要下载的图片数量,同时创建一个存储下载图片的文件夹
3 等待下载完即可
4 到新创建的文件夹下可以查看到,网页上获取到的图片已经下载
文章学习自: 学术菜鸟小晨 博主的文章
完整源码分享如下
- import re
- import requests
- from urllib import error
- from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
- import os
-
- num = 0
- numPicture = 0
- file = ''
- List = []
-
-
- # 根据地址去查找 对应的图片的信息
- def Find(url, A):
- global List # 保存信息的列表
- print('正在检测图片总数,请稍等.....')
- t = 0
- i = 1
- s = 0
- while t < 1000:
- # 时间戳 不简单刷新访问网址
- Url = url + str(t)
- try:
- # get获取数据
- Result = A.get(Url, timeout=7, allow_redirects=False)
- except BaseException:
- t = t + 60
- continue
- else:
- # 拿到网站的数据
- result = Result.text
- # 找到图片url
- pic_url = re.findall('"objURL":"(.*?)",', result, re.S)
- # 图片总数
- s += len(pic_url)
- if len(pic_url) == 0:
- break
- else:
- List.append(pic_url)
- t = t + 60
- return s
-
-
- # 记录相关数据
- def recommend(url):
- Re = []
- try:
- html = requests.get(url, allow_redirects=False)
- except error.HTTPError as e:
- return
- else:
- html.encoding = 'utf-8'
- # html文件解析
- bsObj = BeautifulSoup(html.text, 'html.parser')
- div = bsObj.find('div', id='topRS')
- if div is not None:
- listA = div.findAll('a')
- for i in listA:
- if i is not None:
- Re.append(i.get_text())
- return Re
-
-
- # 下载图片
- def dowmloadPicture(html, keyword):
- global num
- # 找到图片url
- pic_url = re.findall('"objURL":"(.*?)",', html, re.S)
- print('找到关键词:' + keyword + '的图片,开始下载图片....')
- for each in pic_url:
- print('正在下载第' + str(num + 1) + '张图片,图片地址:' + str(each))
- try:
- if each is not None:
- pic = requests.get(each, timeout=7)
- else:
- continue
- except BaseException:
- print('错误,当前图片无法下载')
- continue
- else:
- string = file + r'\\' + str(num) + '.jpg'
- fp = open(string, 'wb')
- fp.write(pic.content)
- fp.close()
- num += 1
- if num >= numPicture:
- return
-
-
- if __name__ == '__main__': # 主函数入口
- # 模拟浏览器 请求数据 伪装成浏览器向网页提取服务
- headers = {
- 'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2',
- 'Connection': 'keep-alive',
- 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:60.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/60.0',
- 'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1'
- }
-
- # 创建一个请求的会话
- A = requests.Session()
- # 设置头部信息
- A.headers = headers
-
- word = input("输入要搜索的关键词:")
- # 拼接路径
- url = 'https://image.baidu.com/search/flip?ct=201326592&cl=2&st=-1&lm=-1&nc=1&ie=utf-8&tn=baiduimage&ipn=r&rps=1&pv=&fm=rs1&word=' + word
-
- # 根据路径去查找
- total = Find(url, A)
- # 记录相关推荐图片
- Recommend = recommend(url)
- print('经过检测%s类图片共有%d张' % (word, total))
-
- numPicture = int(input('输入要下载的数量'))
- file = input('请建立一个存储图片的文件夹,输入文件夹名称即可: ')
- y = os.path.exists(file)
- if y == 1:
- print('该文件已存在,请重新输入')
- file = input('请建立一个存储图片的文件夹,)输入文件夹名称即可: ')
- os.mkdir(file)
- else:
- os.mkdir(file)
-
- t = 0
- tmp = url
-
- while t < numPicture:
- try:
- url = tmp + str(t)
- result = requests.get(url, timeout=10)
- print(url)
- except error.HTTPError as e:
- print('网络错误,请调整网络后重试')
- t = t + 60
- else:
- dowmloadPicture(result.text, word)
- t = t + 60
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