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《Python编程 从入门到实践》第十四章练习题14-2答案_python人马大战csdn

作者：小蓝xlanll | 2024-04-05 23:08:12

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python人马大战csdn

题目：创建一个矩形，它在屏幕右边缘以固定的速度上下移动。然后，在屏幕左边缘创建一艘飞船，玩家可上下移动该飞船，并射击前述矩形目标。添加一 个用于开始游戏的Play按钮，在玩家三次未击中目标时结束游戏，并重新显示Play按钮，让玩家能够通过单击该按钮来重新开始游戏。

完成效果：

Python：飞船射击

优势：跟网上为数不多的解决方案比较，本方案划分为几个功能文件，代码结构和思路更清晰。

心得：函数for循环里面的变量无法递增，可以考虑建一个类(比如Settings)，将这个变量作为类的属性（self.fail_times=0)，再实例化这个类(比如ai_settings)。最后在函数for循环里调用（ai_settings.fail_times)。

ship的原图：（下载后跟以下源代码放到同一个文件夹内再运行程序）

源代码：

文件1：space_war.py

  1. import pygame
  2. from pygame.sprite import Group
  3. from settings import Settings
  4. from ship import Ship
  5. import game_functions as gf
  6. from game_stats import GameStats
  7. from button import Button
  8. from target import Target
  9.  
  10. def run_game():
  11.     pygame.init()
  12.     ai_settings=Settings()
  13.     screen=pygame.display.set_mode((ai_settings.screen_width,ai_settings.screen_height))
  14.     pygame.display.set_caption("Space War")
  15.     play_button=Button(ai_settings,screen,"Play")
  16.     stats=GameStats(ai_settings)
  17.     ship=Ship(ai_settings,screen)
  18.     bullets=Group()
  19.     target=Target(ai_settings,screen)
  20.     while True:
  21.         gf.check_events(ai_settings,screen,stats,play_button,ship,target,bullets)
  22.         if stats.game_active:
  23.             ship.update()
  24.             target.update()
  25.             gf.update_bullets(ai_settings,screen,ship,target,bullets)
  26.             gf.update_target(ai_settings,stats,screen,ship,target,bullets)
  27.             gf.check_fail(ai_settings,bullets,stats,target,screen)
  28.         gf.update_screen(ai_settings,screen,stats,ship,target,bullets,play_button)
  29.  
  30. run_game()

文件2: ship.py

  1. import pygame
  2.  
  3. class Ship():
  4.     def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):
  5.         self.screen=screen
  6.         self.ai_settings=ai_settings
  7.         self.image=pygame.image.load('ship.bmp')
  8.         self.rect=self.image.get_rect()
  9.         self.screen_rect=screen.get_rect()
  10.         self.rect.centery=self.screen_rect.centery
  11.         self.rect.left=self.screen_rect.left
  12.         self.center=float(self.rect.centery)
  13.         self.moving_up=False
  14.         self.moving_down=False
  15.  
  16.     def update(self):
  17.         if self.moving_up and self.rect.top>self.screen.get_rect().top:
  18.             self.center-=self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
  19.         if self.moving_down and self.rect.bottom<self.screen.get_rect().bottom:
  20.             self.center+=self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
  21.         self.rect.centery=self.center
  22.  
  23.     def blitme(self):
  24.         self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
  25.  
  26.     def center_ship(self):
  27.         self.center=self.screen_rect.centery

文件3: target.py

  1. import pygame
  2. from pygame.sprite import Sprite
  3.  
  4. class Target(Sprite):
  5.     def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):
  6.         super(Target,self).__init__()
  7.         self.screen=screen
  8.         self.ai_settings=ai_settings
  9.         self.rect=pygame.Rect(0,0,ai_settings.target_width,ai_settings.target_height)
  10.         self.rect.right=self.screen.get_rect().right
  11.         self.rect.centery=self.screen.get_rect().centery
  12.  
  13.         self.y=float(self.rect.y)
  14.         self.color=ai_settings.target_color
  15.         self.speed_factor=ai_settings.target_speed_factor
  16.  
  17.     def check_edges(self):
  18.         screen_rect=self.screen.get_rect()
  19.         if self.rect.top<0:
  20.             return True
  21.         elif self.rect.bottom>screen_rect.bottom:
  22.             return True
  23.  
  24.     def update(self):
  25.         self.y+=(self.speed_factor*self.ai_settings.fleet_direction)
  26.         self.rect.y=self.y
  27.  
  28.     def draw_target(self):
  29.         pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.color,self.rect)

文件4: settings.py

  1. class Settings():
  2.     def __init__(self):
  3.         self.screen_width=1200
  4.         self.screen_height=800
  5.         self.bg_color=(230,230,230)
  6.         self.ship_speed_factor=5
  7.         self.bullet_speed_factor=10
  8.         self.bullet_width=30
  9.         self.bullet_height=15
  10.         self.bullet_color=60,60,60
  11.         self.bullets_allowed=3
  12.         self.target_speed_factor=1
  13.         self.target_direction=1
  14.         self.target_width=300
  15.         self.target_height=100
  16.         self.target_color=180
  17.         self.fleet_direction=1
  18.         self.ship_limit=3
  19.         self.bullets_left=3
  20.         self.fail_times = 0

 文件5: game_stats.py

  1. class GameStats():
  2.  
  3.     def __init__(self,ai_settings):
  4.         self.ai_settings=ai_settings
  5.         self.reset_stats()
  6.         self.game_active=False
  7.  
  8.     def reset_stats(self):
  9.         self.ships_left=self.ai_settings.ship_limit

文件6: bullet.py

  1. import pygame
  2. from pygame.sprite import Sprite
  3.  
  4. class Bullet(Sprite):
  5.     def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,ship):
  6.         super(Bullet,self).__init__()
  7.         self.screen=screen
  8.         self.rect=pygame.Rect(0,0,ai_settings.bullet_width,ai_settings.bullet_height)
  9.         self.rect.centery=ship.rect.centery
  10.         self.x=float(self.rect.x)
  11.         self.color=ai_settings.bullet_color
  12.         self.speed_factor=ai_settings.bullet_speed_factor
  13.  
  14.     def update(self):
  15.         self.x+=self.speed_factor
  16.         self.rect.x=self.x
  17.  
  18.     def draw_bullet(self):
  19.         pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.color,self.rect)

文件7: button.py

  1. import pygame.font
  2. class Button():
  3.     def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,msg):
  4.         self.screen=screen
  5.         self.screen_rect=screen.get_rect()
  6.         self.width,self.height=200,50
  7.         self.button_color = (0, 255, 0)
  8.         self.text_color = (255, 255, 255)
  9.         self.font=pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)
  10.         self.rect=pygame.Rect(0,0,self.width,self.height)
  11.         self.rect.center=self.screen_rect.center
  12.         self.prep_msg(msg)
  13.  
  14.     def prep_msg(self,msg):
  15.         self.msg_image=self.font.render(msg,True,self.text_color,self.button_color)
  16.         self.msg_image_rect=self.msg_image.get_rect()
  17.         self.msg_image_rect.center=self.rect.center
  18.  
  19.     def draw_button(self):
  20.         self.screen.fill(self.button_color,self.rect)
  21.         self.screen.blit(self.msg_image,self.msg_image_rect)

文件8: game_functions.py

  1. import sys
  2. import pygame
  3. from bullet import Bullet
  4. from target import Target
  5. from time import sleep
  6.  
  7. def check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):
  8.     if event.key==pygame.K_DOWN:
  9.         ship.moving_down=True
  10.     elif event.key==pygame.K_UP:
  11.         ship.moving_up=True
  12.     elif event.key==pygame.K_SPACE:
  13.         fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)
  14.     elif event.key==pygame.K_q:
  15.         sys.exit()
  16.  
  17. def fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):
  18.     if len(bullets)<ai_settings.bullets_allowed:
  19.         new_bullet=Bullet(ai_settings, screen,ship)
  20.         bullets.add(new_bullet)
  21.  
  22. def check_fail(ai_settings,bullets,stats,target,screen):   #定义一个函数，在主函数中被调用
  23.     for bullet in bullets.copy():   #bullets为其他程序其他地方定义的一个编组
  24.         if bullet.rect.right>=screen.get_rect().right:   #判断bullet对象是否飞出屏幕右侧
  25.             bullets.remove(bullet)    #若bullet飞出右侧，则销毁该bullet
  26.             ai_settings.fail_times+=1    #fail_times自增1
  27.             print(ai_settings.fail_times)    #控制台输出fail_times,用于监控不碰撞的次数
  28.         elif pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(target,bullets):
  29.             ai_settings.fail_times=0    #失败清零``
  30.         elif ai_settings.fail_times>2:
  31.             ai_settings.fail_times=0    #失败清零
  32.             stats.game_active=False    #游戏终止
  33.             pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)    #鼠标可见
  34.  
  35.  
  36. def check_keyup_events(event,ship):
  37.     if event.key==pygame.K_DOWN:
  38.         ship.moving_down=False
  39.     elif event.key==pygame.K_UP:
  40.         ship.moving_up=False
  41.  
  42.  
  43. def check_events(ai_settings,screen,stats,play_button,ship,target,bullets):
  44.     for event in pygame.event.get():
  45.         if event.type==pygame.QUIT:
  46.             sys.exit()
  47.         elif event.type==pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
  48.             mouse_x,mouse_y=pygame.mouse.get_pos()
  49.             check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,stats,play_button,ship,target,bullets,mouse_x,mouse_y)
  50.         elif event.type==pygame.KEYDOWN:
  51.             check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)
  52.         elif event.type==pygame.KEYUP:
  53.             check_keyup_events(event,ship)
  54.  
  55. def check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,stats,play_button,ship,target,bullets,mouse_x,mouse_y):
  56.     button_clicked=play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)
  57.     if button_clicked and not stats.game_active:
  58.         pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
  59.         stats.reset_stats()
  60.         stats.game_active=True
  61.  
  62.         bullets.empty()
  63.         create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,target)
  64.         ship.center_ship()
  65.  
  66. def update_screen(ai_settings, screen, stats, ship, target,bullets, play_button):
  67.     screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)
  68.     for bullet in bullets.sprites():
  69.         bullet.draw_bullet()
  70.     ship.blitme()
  71.     target.draw_target()
  72.     if not stats.game_active:
  73.         play_button.draw_button()
  74.     pygame.display.flip()
  75.  
  76. def update_bullets(ai_settings, screen, ship, target,bullets):
  77.     bullets.update()
  78.     for bullet in bullets.copy():
  79.         if bullet.rect.right>screen.get_rect().right:
  80.             bullets.remove(bullet)
  81.     check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings,screen,ship,target,bullets)
  82.  
  83. def check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings,screen,ship,target,bullets):
  84.     collisions=pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(target,bullets,False)
  85.  
  86. def create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,target):
  87.     target=Target(ai_settings,screen)
  88.  
  89. def check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,target):
  90.     if target.check_edges():
  91.         change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,target)
  92.  
  93. def change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,target):
  94.     ai_settings.fleet_direction*=-1
  95.  
  96. def update_target(ai_settings,stats,screen,ship,target,bullets):
  97.     check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,target)
  98.     target.update()
  99.  
  100.  
  101.  
  102.  
  103.  
  104.

 

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