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Python 一步一步教你用pyglet制作“彩色方块连连看”游戏

作者：小蓝xlanll | 2024-04-06 10:41:08

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Python 一步一步教你用pyglet制作“彩色方块连连看”游戏

目录

彩色方块连连看

第一步

第二步

第三步

第四步

第五步

第六步

第七步

动态效果展示

小结

彩色方块连连看

本篇除了介绍怎样用pyglet制作连连看游戏，还将介绍如果使用自定义库colorlib，用它来描绘游戏中多种颜色的彩色方块。自定义库colorlib的由来，另请阅读《python 教你如何创建一个自定义库 colorlib.py》，链接：

https://hannyang.blog.csdn.net/article/details/136861675

第一步

见原文中，有一个创建随机彩色霓虹方块的代码：

  1. import pyglet
  2. from colorlib import randcolorTuples as ctpl
  3. window = pyglet.window.Window(800, 600, caption='色块展示')
  4.  
  5. color = ctpl(16)
  6. batch = pyglet.graphics.Batch()
  7. shape = [pyglet.shapes.Rectangle(180+i%4*120, 120+i//4*100, 100, 80, color=color[i], batch=batch) for i in range(len(color))]
  8.  
  9. @window.event
  10. def on_draw():
  11.     window.clear()
  12.     batch.draw()
  13.  
  14. def change_color(e):
  15.     for i,c in enumerate(ctpl(16)):
  16.         shape[i].color = c
  17.  
  18. pyglet.clock.schedule_interval(change_color, 0.1)
  19.  
  20. pyglet.app.run()

运行效果：

第二步

创建更多方块，方块大小由参数决定；随机色由colorlib.randcolorTuples函数产生。

  1. from pyglet import *
  2. from colorlib import randcolorTuples as ctpl
  3.  
  4. W, H = 800, 600
  5. window = window.Window(W, H, caption='色块展示')
  6. batch = graphics.Batch()
  7.  
  8. row, col, space = 8, 10, 5
  9. width = w = (W-space)//col-space
  10. height = h = (H-space)//row-space
  11. x0, y0 = (W-(w+space)*col+space)//2, (H-(h+space)*row+space)//2
  12.  
  13. color = ctpl(row*col)
  14. shape = [[1]*col for _ in range(row)]
  15. for r,arr in enumerate(shape):
  16.     for c,num in enumerate(arr):
  17.         shape[r][c] = shapes.Rectangle(x0+c*(w+space), y0+r*(h+space), w, h, color=color[c+r*len(arr)], batch=batch)
  18.  
  19. @window.event
  20. def on_draw():
  21.     window.clear()
  22.     batch.draw()
  23.  
  24. def change_color(e):
  25.     for i,c in enumerate(ctpl(row*col)):
  26.         shape[i//col][i%col].color = c
  27.  
  28. clock.schedule_interval(change_color, 0.1)
  29.  
  30. app.run()

第三步

取消“闪烁”，方块增加边框并改写为Box类、增加一个对应存放方块状态的列表Array。

  1. from pyglet import *
  2. from colorlib import *
  3.  
  4. ctpl = randcolorTuples
  5. W, H = 800, 600
  6. window = window.Window(W, H, caption='色块展示')
  7. gl.glClearColor(*Color('lightblue3').decimal)
  8. batch = graphics.Batch()
  9.  
  10. row, col, space = 8, 10, 5
  11. width = w = (W-space)//col-space
  12. height = h = (H-space)//row-space
  13. x0, y0 = (W-(w+space)*col+space)//2, (H-(h+space)*row+space)//2
  14.  
  15. color = ctpl(row*col)
  16. Array = [[1]*col for _ in range(row)]  # 用于控制方块的状态
  17.  
  18. class Box:
  19.     def __init__(self, x, y, w, h, color, batch=batch):
  20.         self.rect = shapes.Rectangle(x, y, w, h, color=color, batch=batch)
  21.         self.box  = shapes.Box(x, y, w, h, color=(255,255,255), thickness=3, batch=batch)
  22.     def visible(self, visible=True):
  23.         self.box.batch = self.rect.batch = batch if visible else None
  24.  
  25. Array[0][0] = Array[2][2] = Array[5][7] = 0  # 设置三个方块消失
  26. for r,arr in enumerate(Boxes:=[_[:] for _ in Array]):
  27.     for c,_ in enumerate(arr):
  28.         Boxes[r][c] = Box(x0+c*(w+space), y0+r*(h+space), w, h, color[c+r*len(arr)])
  29.         Boxes[r][c].visible(Array[r][c])
  30.  
  31. @window.event
  32. def on_draw():
  33.     window.clear()
  34.     batch.draw()
  35.  
  36. app.run()

运行效果：

注：顺带测试一下在for...in...语句enumerate()函数中使用海象操作符:=。

for r,arr in enumerate(Boxes:=[_[:] for _ in Array]):

第四步

限制生产颜色时，每种颜色只能出现4次，即2组连连看。

COLOR = []
while len(COLOR)<row*col//4:
    if (c:=randcolorTuple()) not in COLOR:
        COLOR.append(c)
COLOR = sample(COLOR*4, row*col

  1. from pyglet import *
  2. from colorlib import *
  3.  
  4. ctpl = randcolorTuples
  5. W, H = 800, 600
  6. window = window.Window(W, H, caption='色块展示')
  7. gl.glClearColor(*Color('lightblue3').decimal)
  8. batch = graphics.Batch()
  9.  
  10. row, col, space = 8, 10, 5
  11. width = w = (W-space)//col-space
  12. height = h = (H-space)//row-space
  13. x0, y0 = (W-(w+space)*col+space)//2, (H-(h+space)*row+space)//2
  14.  
  15. COLOR = []
  16. while len(COLOR)<row*col//4:
  17.     if (c:=randcolorTuple()) not in COLOR:
  18.         COLOR.append(c)
  19. COLOR = sample(COLOR*4, row*col)
  20.  
  21. class Box:
  22.     def __init__(self, x, y, w, h, color, batch=batch):
  23.         self.rect = shapes.Rectangle(x, y, w, h, color=color, batch=batch)
  24.         self.box  = shapes.Box(x, y, w, h, color=(255,255,255), thickness=3, batch=batch)
  25.         self.visible = True
  26.     def visible(self, visible=True):
  27.         self.box.batch = self.rect.batch = batch if visible else None
  28.  
  29. Array, Boxes = [[[1]*col for _ in range(row)] for _ in range(2)]
  30. for r,arr in enumerate(Boxes):
  31.     for c,_ in enumerate(arr):
  32.         Boxes[r][c] = Box(x0+c*(w+space), y0+r*(h+space), w, h, COLOR[c+r*len(arr)])
  33.  
  34. @window.event
  35. def on_draw():
  36.     window.clear()
  37.     batch.draw()
  38.  
  39. app.run()

运行效果： 

第五步

增加Game类，并加入点击坐标和状态，可以记录方块的位置和状态。

方块的行列坐标与窗口中实际坐标的转换：

r, c = (y-y0)//(h+space), (x-x0)//(w+space)

  1. from pyglet import *
  2. from colorlib import *
  3.  
  4. W, H = 800, 600
  5. window = window.Window(W, H, caption='色块展示')
  6. gl.glClearColor(*Color('lightblue3').decimal)
  7. batch = graphics.Batch()
  8.  
  9. row, col, space = 8, 10, 5
  10. width = w = (W-space)//col-space
  11. height = h = (H-space)//row-space
  12. x0, y0 = (W-(w+space)*col+space)//2, (H-(h+space)*row+space)//2
  13.  
  14. COLOR = []
  15. while len(COLOR)<row*col//4:
  16.     if (c:=randcolorTuple()) not in COLOR:
  17.         COLOR.append(c)
  18. COLOR = sample(COLOR*4, row*col)
  19. Array, Boxes = [[[[11]]*col for _ in range(row)] for _ in range(2)]
  20.  
  21. class Box:
  22.     def __init__(self, x, y, w, h, color, batch=batch):
  23.         self.x, self.y = x, y
  24.         self.w, self.h = w, h
  25.         self.visible, self.pressed = True, False
  26.         self.rect = shapes.Rectangle(x, y, w, h, color=color, batch=batch)
  27.         self.box  = shapes.Box(x, y, w, h, color=(255,255,255), thickness=3, batch=batch)
  28.     def show(self, visible=True):
  29.         self.visible, self.pressed = visible, False
  30.         self.box.batch = self.rect.batch = batch if visible else None
  31.     def hide(self):
  32.         self.show(False)
  33.     def on_mouse_over(self, x, y):
  34.         return self.x<=x<=self.x+self.w and self.y<=y<=self.y+self.h
  35.     def on_mouse_click(self):
  36.         if self.visible:
  37.             self.pressed = True
  38.             if Color('RED').equal(self.box.color):
  39.                 self.hide()
  40.         else:
  41.             self.pressed = False
  42.             self.show()
  43.         self.box.color = Color('RED' if self.pressed else 'WHITE').rgba
  44.  
  45. for r,arr in enumerate(Boxes):
  46.     for c,_ in enumerate(arr):
  47.         Boxes[r][c] = Box(x0+c*(w+space), y0+r*(h+space), w, h, COLOR[c+r*len(arr)])
  48.  
  49. class Game:
  50.     def __init__(self):
  51.         self.array = Array
  52.         self.boxes = Boxes
  53.     def on_mouse_click(self, x, y):
  54.         r, c = (y - y0)//(h+space), (x - x0)//(w+space)
  55.         if r in range(row) and c in range(col) and self.boxes[r][c].on_mouse_over(x, y):
  56.             self.boxes[r][c].on_mouse_click()
  57.             self.array[r][c] = self.boxes[r][c].visible*10+self.boxes[r][c].pressed
  58.             return r, c, self.array[r][c]
  59.  
  60. game = Game()
  61.  
  62. @window.event
  63. def on_mouse_press(x, y, dx, dy):
  64.     window.set_caption(f'色块展示——坐标和状态：{game.on_mouse_click(x, y)}')
  65.  
  66. @window.event
  67. def on_draw():
  68.     window.clear()
  69.     batch.draw()
  70.  
  71. app.run()

运行效果： 

第六步

增加连线功能，用shapes.Line画一根淡金色的直线来表示：

self.line = shapes.Line(0, 0, 0, 0, width=5, color=Color('light gold').rgba)

再增加一个属性self.click来存储一组连线方块的坐标；增加方法getxy()，以获取方块在窗口中的实际坐标：

    def getxy(self, row, col):
        return x0+col*(w+space)+w//2, y0+row*(h+space)+h//2

  1. from pyglet import *
  2. from colorlib import *
  3.  
  4. W, H = 800, 600
  5. window = window.Window(W, H, caption='彩色色块连连看')
  6. gl.glClearColor(*Color('lightblue3').decimal)
  7. batch = graphics.Batch()
  8. group = graphics.Group()
  9.  
  10. row, col, space = 8, 10, 5
  11. width = w = (W-space)//col-space
  12. height = h = (H-space)//row-space
  13. x0, y0 = (W-(w+space)*col+space)//2, (H-(h+space)*row+space)//2
  14.  
  15. COLOR = []
  16. while len(COLOR)<row*col//4:
  17.     if (c:=randcolorTuple()) not in COLOR:
  18.         COLOR.append(c)
  19. COLOR = sample(COLOR*4, row*col)
  20. Array, Boxes = [[[1]*col for _ in range(row)] for _ in range(2)]
  21.  
  22. class Box:
  23.     def __init__(self, x, y, w, h, color, batch=batch):
  24.         self.x, self.y = x, y
  25.         self.w, self.h = w, h
  26.         self.pressed = False
  27.         self.rect = shapes.Rectangle(x, y, w, h, color=color, batch=batch)
  28.         self.box  = shapes.Box(x, y, w, h, color=Color('WHITE').rgba, thickness=3, batch=batch)
  29.         self.box.group = group
  30.     def hide(self):
  31.         self.box.batch = self.rect.batch = None
  32.     def on_mouse_over(self, x, y):
  33.         return self.x<=x<=self.x+self.w and self.y<=y<=self.y+self.h
  34.  
  35. for r,arr in enumerate(Boxes):
  36.     for c,_ in enumerate(arr):
  37.         Boxes[r][c] = Box(x0+c*(w+space), y0+r*(h+space), w, h, COLOR[c+r*len(arr)])
  38.  
  39. class Game:
  40.     def __init__(self):
  41.         self.array = Array
  42.         self.boxes = Boxes
  43.         self.click = []
  44.         self.last = None
  45.         self.row, self.col = 0, 0
  46.         self.line = shapes.Line(0, 0, 0, 0, width=5, color=Color('light gold').rgba)
  47.         self.line.batch = batch
  48.         self.line.group = group
  49.         self.line.visible = False
  50.     def on_mouse_click(self, x, y):
  51.         if self.line.visible: return
  52.         r, c = (y-y0)//(h+space), (x-x0)//(w+space)
  53.         if r in range(row) and c in range(col) and self.boxes[r][c].on_mouse_over(x, y) and self.array[r][c]:
  54.             self.row, self.col = r, c
  55.             if len(self.click)==0:
  56.                 self.click.append((r,c))
  57.                 self.last = r, c, self.boxes[r][c]
  58.                 self.boxes[r][c].box.color = Color('RED').rgba
  59.             elif len(self.click)==1:
  60.                 if (r,c) in self.click:
  61.                     r,c = self.click.pop()
  62.                     self.boxes[r][c].box.color = Color('WHITE').rgba
  63.                 else:
  64.                     self.click.append((r,c))
  65.                     self.boxes[r][c].box.color = Color('RED').rgba
  66.                     r2, c2 = self.click[0][0], self.click[0][1]
  67.                     self.line.x, self.line.y = self.getxy(r, c)
  68.                     self.line.x2, self.line.y2 = self.getxy(r2, c2)
  69.                     self.array[r2][c2] = self.array[r][c] = 0
  70.                     self.line.visible = True
  71.                     self.click.clear()
  72.                     clock.schedule_interval(self.update, 0.3)
  73.             return r, c, self.array[r][c]
  74.     def getxy(self, row, col):
  75.         return x0+col*(w+space)+w//2, y0+row*(h+space)+h//2
  76.     def update(self, event):
  77.         self.line.visible = False
  78.         one, another = self.last, self.boxes[self.row][self.col]
  79.         if one[-1].rect.color==another.rect.color:
  80.             one[-1].hide(); another.hide()
  81.             self.last = None
  82.         else:
  83.             self.array[self.row][self.col] = self.array[one[0]][one[1]] = 1
  84.             one[-1].box.color = another.box.color = Color('WHITE').rgba
  85.         clock.unschedule(self.update)
  86.  
  87. @window.event
  88. def on_mouse_press(x, y, dx, dy):
  89.     window.set_caption(f'彩色色块连连看——坐标和状态：{game.on_mouse_click(x, y)}')
  90.  
  91. @window.event
  92. def on_draw():
  93.     window.clear()
  94.     batch.draw()
  95.  
  96. game = Game()
  97. app.run()

运行效果：

第七步

继续优化代码，放弃self.click记录方块的坐标，改为直接用self.last和self.last2来记录一组方块，同样也能操作它们的位置和状态；增加判断任务完成的方法。

    def success(self):
        return sum(sum(self.array,[]))==0 

再增加一个记录行列坐标的类，方便代码的书写：

class RC:
    def __init__(self, x=0, y=0):
        self.r, self.c = x, y
    def __eq__(self, other):
        return self.rc == other.rc
    @property
    def rc(self):
        return self.r, self.c

  1. from pyglet import *
  2. from colorlib import *
  3.  
  4. W, H = 800, 600
  5. window = window.Window(W, H, caption='彩色色块连连看')
  6. gl.glClearColor(*Color('lightblue3').decimal)
  7. batch, group = graphics.Batch(),graphics.Group()
  8.  
  9. row, col, space = 8, 10, 5
  10. w, h = W//col-space*2, H//row-space*2
  11. x0, y0 = (W-(w+space)*col+space)//2, (H-(h+space)*row+space)//2
  12.  
  13. COLOR = []
  14. while len(COLOR)<row*col//4:
  15.     if (c:=randcolorTuple()) not in COLOR:
  16.         COLOR.append(c)
  17. COLOR = sample(COLOR*4, row*col)
  18. Array, Boxes = [[[1]*col for _ in range(row)] for _ in range(2)]
  19.  
  20. class Box:
  21.     def __init__(self, x, y, w, h, color, batch=batch):
  22.         self.x, self.y, self.w, self.h = x, y, w, h
  23.         self.rect = shapes.Rectangle(x, y, w, h, color=color, batch=batch)
  24.         self.box = shapes.Box(x, y, w, h, color=Color('WHITE').rgba, thickness=3, batch=batch)
  25.         self.box.group = group
  26.     def hide(self):
  27.         self.box.batch = self.rect.batch = None
  28.     def on_mouse_over(self, x, y):
  29.         return self.x<=x<=self.x+self.w and self.y<=y<=self.y+self.h
  30.  
  31. for r,arr in enumerate(Boxes):
  32.     for c,_ in enumerate(arr):
  33.         Boxes[r][c] = Box(x0+c*(w+space), y0+r*(h+space), w, h, COLOR[c+r*len(arr)])
  34.  
  35. class RC:
  36.     def __init__(self, x=0, y=0):
  37.         self.x, self.y = x, y
  38.     def __eq__(self, other):
  39.         return self.rc == other.rc
  40.     @property
  41.     def rc(self):
  42.         return self.x, self.y
  43.  
  44. class Game:
  45.     def __init__(self):
  46.         self.array = Array
  47.         self.boxes = Boxes
  48.         self.rc, self.rc2 = RC(), RC()
  49.         self.last, self.last2 = None, None
  50.         self.line = shapes.Line(0, 0, 0, 0, width=5, color=Color('light gold').rgba, batch=batch, group=group)
  51.         self.line.visible = False
  52.     def on_mouse_click(self, x, y):
  53.         if self.line.visible or self.success(): return
  54.         r, c = (y-y0)//(h+space), (x-x0)//(w+space)
  55.         if r in range(row) and c in range(col) and self.boxes[r][c].on_mouse_over(x, y) and self.array[r][c]:
  56.             if self.last is None and self.last2 is None:
  57.                 self.rc, self.last = RC(r, c), self.boxes[r][c]
  58.                 self.last.box.color = Color('RED').rgba
  59.             elif self.last is not None and self.last2 is None:
  60.                 self.rc2, self.last2 = RC(r, c), self.boxes[r][c]
  61.                 self.last2.box.color = Color('RED').rgba
  62.                 if self.rc == self.rc2:
  63.                     self.last.box.color = Color('WHITE').rgba
  64.                     self.last, self.last2 = None, None
  65.                 else:
  66.                     self.line.x, self.line.y = self.getxy(r, c)
  67.                     self.line.x2, self.line.y2 = self.getxy(self.rc.x, self.rc.y)
  68.                     self.line.visible = True
  69.                     clock.schedule_interval(self.update, 0.3)
  70.             return (r, c), Color(self.boxes[r][c].rect.color).name
  71.     def getxy(self, row, col):
  72.         return x0+col*(w+space)+w//2, y0+row*(h+space)+h//2
  73.     def update(self, event):
  74.         self.line.visible = False
  75.         clock.unschedule(self.update)
  76.         if self.last.rect.color==self.last2.rect.color:
  77.             self.last.hide(); self.last2.hide()
  78.             self.array[self.rc.x][self.rc.y] = self.array[self.rc2.x][self.rc2.y] = 0
  79.         else:
  80.             self.last.box.color = self.last2.box.color = Color('WHITE').rgba
  81.         self.last, self.last2 = None, None
  82.         if game.success():
  83.             window.set_caption('彩色色块连连看——任务完成!')         
  84.     def success(self):
  85.         return sum(sum(self.array,[]))==0    
  86.  
  87. @window.event
  88. def on_draw():
  89.     window.clear()
  90.     batch.draw()
  91.  
  92. @window.event
  93. def on_mouse_press(x, y, dx, dy):
  94.     ret = game.on_mouse_click(x, y)
  95.     if ret and not game.success():
  96.         window.set_caption(f'彩色色块连连看——坐标：{ret[0]}  颜色：{ret[1]}')
  97.  
  98. game = Game()
  99. app.run()

运行效果：

动态效果展示

为节省截图时间把第9行代码的8行10列暂改为4行5列。

小结

至此，一个代码不到100行的简单的“彩色方块连连看”游戏完成了。下一期文章将继续探讨“连连看”的直线规则，即不能有斜线连接方块，只能由水平和垂直的直线相连方块且直线最多转弯2次。

待续......

附录

colorlib库Color类的主代码介绍

class Color:
    '''
    Color(3-tuple: tuple) -> Color # 3-tuple as (r, g, b)
    Color(4-tuple: tuple) -> Color # 4-tuple as (r, g, b, a)
    Color(color_name: str) -> Color # color_name as 'Red','Blue',...
    Color(color_string: str) -> Color # color_string as '#rrggbb'
    Object for color representations.
    '''
    def __init__(self, r=0, g=0, b=0, a=None): 
        self.__alpha = (a is not None) and isinstance(a, (int, float))
        if all(map(lambda r:isinstance(r, (int, float)),(r,g,b))):
            self.r, self.g, self.b = map(lambda n:int(n)%256,(r,g,b))
        elif isinstance(r, (tuple, list)) and len(r) in (3, 4):
            self.r, self.g, self.b, self.a = *[int(c)%256 for c in r[:3]], 255
            if len(r)==4: a, self.__alpha = int(r[3])%256, True 
        elif isinstance(r, str) and len(r)==7 and r.startswith('#'):  
            self.r, self.g, self.b = str2tuple(r)  
        elif isinstance(r, str):
            if (rgb := ColorDict.get(r, None)) is None:
                raise ValueError("Invalid Color Name")
            self.r, self.g, self.b, a = *rgb, 255
        else:
            raise ValueError("Invalid argument for class Color")
        self.a = a if self.__alpha else 255
        self.rgb = self.r, self.g, self.b
        self.rgba = self.r, self.g, self.b, self.a
        self.value = self.rgba if self.__alpha else self.rgb
        self.string = tuple2str(self.value[:3])
        self.decimal = tuple(map(lambda x:x/255, self.rgba))
        self.name = {v:k for k,v in ColorDict.items()}.get(self.rgb, 'Noname')
    def __repr__(self):
        rgba = 'RGBA(' if self.__alpha else 'RGB('
        return ', '.join(map(lambda x:str(x).rjust(3),self.value)).join((rgba,')'))
    def randcolor(self):
        '''Convert the Color to any random color in ColorDict.keys().'''
        rgb = randcolorTuple()
        return Color(*rgb, self.a) if self.__alpha else Color(rgb)
    def random(self):
        '''Convert rgb to a 3-tuple of random integer between 0 and 255.'''
        rgb = randint(0,255), randint(0,255), randint(0,255)
        return Color(*rgb, self.a) if self.__alpha else Color(rgb)
    def alpha(self, a=255):
        '''Set alpha value of the Color, or change RGB to RGBA.'''
        self.__init__(*self.rgb, a)
    def equal(self, other):
        '''Compare self.rgba with another color's RGBA tuple.'''
        return self.rgba == other

其中，属性 self.decimal 用在了窗口背景设置的代码上：

gl.glClearColor(*Color('lightblue3').decimal)

游戏代码中还用到以下属性：

self.rgba = self.r, self.g, self.b, self.a
self.name = {v:k for k,v in ColorDict.items()}.get(self.rgb, 'Noname') 

完 

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