Redis监控：Grafana + Prometheus + redis_exporter & Grafana + Redis 监控 Redis_grafana监控redis数据

// 文档指南
文档使用 Prometheus数据源 和 Redis数据源 两种数据源选择来监控Redis，主要以Prometheus数据源为主

监控的组成部分：

• 使用Prometheus数据源可以分为三部分
  1. redis_exporter 连接redis暴露redis指标
  2. prometheus 抓取redis_exporte暴露的redis指标
  3. grafana 使用prometheus抓取到的数据作为数据源，通过配置仪表盘进行分析
• 使用Redis数据源就简单许多了，只用一步
  1. 直接使用 grafana 选择redis数据源连接redis，这样就可以直接添加仪表盘进行分析

文档中的的准备工作（redis主从 和 redis集群）主要是为了方便演示配置，实际尝试部署的时候准备简单的主从架构就可以
感觉麻烦 或者 想快速部署先看看效果 也可以使用我的部署脚本

★ 准备工作

• 准备 redis 主从（哨兵）

• 准备 redis 集群

• 为了方便我这里是部署的是单机多实例

▶ Grafana + Prometheus 数据源 监控 Redis

https://prometheus.io/download/
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一、部署配置 Prometheus + Redis、Node 的 exporter 插件

• 部署 prometheus 作为监控系统的核心组件，负责收集、存储和查询来自 redis_exporter node_exporter 的指标数据，并提供给Grafana进行可视化展示
• 安装 redis_exporter、node_exporter 插件
• 配置 prometheus 连接 redis_exporter、node_exporter
• 访问 prometheus web 界面查看

1.1 部署配置 Prometheus

1.1.1 准备二进制安装包

https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus
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prometheus-2.45.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz
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1.1.2 安装

tar -zxf prometheus-2.45.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz
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mkdir /usr/local/prometheus
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mv prometheus-2.45.2.linux-amd64 /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus-2.45.2
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1.1.3 配置

cd /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus-2.45.2
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vim prometheus.yml
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# my global config
global:
  scrape_interval: 15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
  evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
  # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).

# Alertmanager configuration
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
    - static_configs:
        - targets:
          # - alertmanager:9093

# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
rule_files:
  # - "first_rules.yml"
  # - "second_rules.yml"

# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
# Here it's Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:
  # The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
  - job_name: "A_prometheus_9099"

    # metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'
    # scheme defaults to 'http'.
    #
    static_configs:
      - targets: ["50.50.50.100:9099"]
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1.1.4 启动

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/prometheus.service
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[Unit]
Description=https://prometheus.io
[Service]
Restart=on-failure
ExecStart=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus-2.45.2/prometheus \
 --storage.tsdb.path=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus-2.45.2/data \
 --config.file=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus-2.45.2/prometheus.yml \
 --web.listen-address=:9099
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
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systemctl start prometheus.service
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systemctl enable prometheus.service
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1.2 部署配置 node_exporter 模块

• node_exporter 是 Prometheus 的一个插件，用于收集和暴露系统级别的监控指标
• 它可以在被监控的主机上运行，并通过HTTP接口提供各种系统指标，如CPU使用率、内存使用率、磁盘空间、网络流量等。这些指标可以被 Prometheus 服务器收集和存储，然后用于监控和报警
• 通过安装和配置 node_exporter 插件，Prometheus 可以实时监控被监控主机的各种系统指标，并将其存储在时间序列数据库中
• 这样，用户可以使用 Prometheus 的查询语言（PromQL）来查询和分析这些指标，并根据需要创建自定义的监控规则和报警

1.2.1 准备二进制安装包

https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter
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node_exporter-1.7.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
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1.2.2 安装

tar -zxf node_exporter-1.7.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
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mv node_exporter-1.7.0.linux-amd64 /usr/local/prometheus/node_exporter-1.7.0
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1.2.3 启动

[Unit]
Description=Prometheus node_exporter
[Service]
User=root
ExecStart=/usr/local/prometheus/node_exporter-1.7.0/node_exporter
ExecStop=/usr/bin/killall node_exporter
[Install]
WantedBy=default.target
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systemctl start prometheus.service
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systemctl enable redis_exporter.service
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1.2.4 配置 prometheus 连接 node_exporter

vim /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus-2.45.2/prometheus.yml
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# my global config
global:
  scrape_interval: 15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
  evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
  # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).

# Alertmanager configuration
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
    - static_configs:
        - targets:
          # - alertmanager:9093

# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
rule_files:
  # - "first_rules.yml"
  # - "second_rules.yml"

# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
# Here it's Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:
  # The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
  - job_name: "A_prometheus_9099"

    # metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'
    # scheme defaults to 'http'.
    #
    static_configs:
      - targets: ["50.50.50.100:9099"]

  - job_name: "A_exporter_node_9100"
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['50.50.50.100:9100']
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1.2.5 重启 prometheus

systemctl restart prometheus.service
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1.3 部署配置 redis_exporter 模块

• redis_exporter 中的作用是用于监控和收集 Redis 数据库的性能指标
• 它是一个用于 Prometheus 的 Redis 监控导出器，可以通过暴露 Redis 服务器的指标来实时监控 Redis 数据库的运行状态
• redis_exporter 会定期从 Redis 服务器获取指标数据，并将其提供给 Prometheus 进行存储和分析
• 通过将 redis_exporter 与 Prometheus 集成，您可以实时监控 Redis 的运行状况，并使用 Prometheus 的强大查询和可视化功能来分析和展示这些指标数据

1.3.1 准备二进制安装包

https://github.com/oliver006/redis_exporter
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redis_exporter-v1.47.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz //稳定版本
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1.3.2 安装

tar -zxf redis_exporter-v1.56.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
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mv redis_exporter-v1.47.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz /usr/local/prometheus/redis_exporter-1.47.0
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1.3.3 配置认证文件

cd /usr/local/prometheus/redis_exporter-1.47.0
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mkdir password_file
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1.3.3.1 redis集群 认证

vim redis-cluster-password.json
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{
  "redis://50.50.50.100:7000": "redis-password-1",
  "redis://50.50.50.100:7001": "redis-password-1",
  "redis://50.50.50.100:7002": "redis-password-1",
  "redis://50.50.50.100:7003": "redis-password-1",
  "redis://50.50.50.100:7004": "redis-password-1",
  "redis://50.50.50.100:7005": "redis-password-1"
}
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1.3.3.2 redis主从 认证

vim redis-sentinel-password.json
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{
  "redis://50.50.50.100:6379": "redis-password-2",
  "redis://50.50.50.100:6380": "redis-password-2",
  "redis://50.50.50.100:6381": "redis-password-2"
}
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1.3.4 编写启动脚本

cd /usr/local/prometheus/redis_exporter-1.47.0
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mkdir script && mkdir logs
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cd /usr/local/prometheus/redis_exporter-1.47.0/script
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1.3.4.1 redis集群 检出启动脚本

vim redis-cluster-9121.sh
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#!/bin/bash

INSTALL_PATH=/usr/local/prometheus/redis_exporter-v1.47.0
PASSWORD_FILE=$INSTALL_PATH/password_file/redis-cluster-password.json
REDIS_ADDR=50.50.50.100:7000
PORT=9121

nohup $INSTALL_PATH/redis_exporter \
 -redis.addr $REDIS_ADDR \
 -redis.password-file $PASSWORD_FILE \
 -web.listen-address :$PORT \
 > $INSTALL_PATH/logs/redis-cluster-9121 &
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1.3.4.1 redis主从 检出启动脚本

vim redis-sentinel-9122.sh
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#!/bin/bash

INSTALL_PATH=/usr/local/prometheus/redis_exporter-v1.47.0
PASSWORD_FILE=$INSTALL_PATH/password_file/redis-sentinel-password.json
REDIS_ADDR=50.50.50.100:6379
PORT=9122

nohup $INSTALL_PATH/redis_exporter \
 -redis.addr $REDIS_ADDR \
 -redis.password-file $PASSWORD_FILE \
 -web.listen-address :$PORT \
 > $INSTALL_PATH/logs/redis-sentinel-9122 &
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1.3.5 启动

sh redis-cluster-9121.sh
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sh redis-sentinel-9122.sh
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echo '/bin/sh /usr/local/prometheus/redis_exporter-1.47.0/script/redis-cluster-9121.sh' >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local
echo '/bin/sh /usr/local/prometheus/redis_exporter-1.47.0/script/redis-sentinel-9122.sh' >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local
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chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
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• 以下是进行调试时使用的参数 -debug 和 指定 redis 集群模式的参数 -is-cluster=true
• 由于选择集群 -is-cluster=true 在使用 -redis.password-file 时无法读取密码文件（至少我在测试的时候没有读取到密码，也不知道是集群的密码配置会有区别还是 bug），所以上面的集群模式我没有使用 -is-cluster=true 参数
• 如果想使用 -is-cluster=true 参数导出，那么可以使用 -redis.password 来指定密码（不过这样会有一个问题，密码明文会暴露在进程中）

# ./redis_exporter -redis.addr 50.50.50.100:6379 -redis.password-file sample-pwd-file.json -debug
# ./redis_exporter -redis.addr 50.50.50.100:7000 -redis.password redis-password -is-cluster=true -debug
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1.3.6 查看日志

• 如果出现以下日志输出为正常，应该是 redis_exporter 这条日志输出级别设置错了
• 提示你配置加载自哪里，level 应该是 info 而不是 error，忽略就可以

time="2024-01-29T17:08:06+08:00" level=error msg="Loaded 3 entries from
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1.3.4 配置 prometheus 连接 redis_exporter

• 配置 prometheus 连接 redis_exporter 端口用于检测存活

vim /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus-2.45.2/prometheus.yml
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# my global config
global:
  scrape_interval: 15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
  evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
  # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).

# Alertmanager configuration
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
    - static_configs:
        - targets:
          # - alertmanager:9093

# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
rule_files:
  # - "first_rules.yml"
  # - "second_rules.yml"

# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
# Here it's Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:
  # The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
  - job_name: "A_prometheus_9099"

    # metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'
    # scheme defaults to 'http'.
    #
    static_configs:
      - targets: ["50.50.50.100:9099"]

  - job_name: "A_exporter_node_9100"
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['50.50.50.100:9100']

  - job_name: "A_exporter_redis_9121"
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['50.50.50.100:9121']

  - job_name: "A_exporter_redis_9122"
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['50.50.50.100:9122']
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1.3.5 重启 prometheus

systemctl restart prometheus.service
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1.4 浏览器访问 Prometheus

• 浏览器访问 prometheus 50.50.50.100:9099
• 查看 prometheus、node_exporter、redis_exporter 是否存活

http://50.50.50.100:9099/
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二、Prometheus 配置抓取多个 Redis 主机

2.1 配置 Prometheus 连接 redis_exporter

• 配置 prometheus 连接 redis_exporter 端口，用于抓取多个 Redis 主机

cd /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus-2.45.2
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vim prometheus.yml
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# my global config
global:
  scrape_interval: 15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
  evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
  # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).

# Alertmanager configuration
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
    - static_configs:
        - targets:
          # - alertmanager:9093

# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
rule_files:
  # - "first_rules.yml"
  # - "second_rules.yml"

# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
# Here it's Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:
  # The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
  - job_name: 'A_prometheus_9099'

    # metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'
    # scheme defaults to 'http'.
    #
    static_configs:
      - targets: ["50.50.50.100:9099"]

  - job_name: 'A_exporter_node_9100'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['50.50.50.100:9100']

# redis exporter prot
  - job_name: 'A_exporter_redis_9121'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['50.50.50.100:9121']

  - job_name: 'A_exporter_redis_9122'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['50.50.50.100:9122']

# redis exporter
  - job_name: 'text_A_redis_cluaster'
    file_sd_configs:
      - files:
        - redis_exporter_conf/text_A_redis_cluaster.json
    metrics_path: /scrape
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 50.50.50.100:9121


  - job_name: 'text_B_redis_sentinel'
    file_sd_configs:
      - files:
        - redis_exporter_conf/text_B_redis_sentinel.json
    metrics_path: /scrape
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 50.50.50.100:9122
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2.2 重启服务 Prometheus

systemctl restart prometheus
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2.3 配置抓取 Redis 热加载文件

• 配置 prometheus 热加载文件，用于抓取 redis_exporter 导出的redis指标

cd /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus-2.45.2 && mkdir redis_exporter_conf
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cd redis_exporter_conf
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2.3.1 配置抓取 redis 集群 配置文件

vim text_A_redis_cluaster.json
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[
  {
    "targets": [ "redis://50.50.50.100:7000",
                 "redis://50.50.50.100:7001",
                 "redis://50.50.50.100:7002",
                 "redis://50.50.50.100:7003",
                 "redis://50.50.50.100:7004",
                 "redis://50.50.50.100:7005" ],
    "labels": { }
  }
]
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2.3.2 配置抓取 redis 主从 配置文件

vim text_B_redis_sentinel.json
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[
  {
    "targets": [ "redis://50.50.50.100:6379",
                 "redis://50.50.50.100:6380",
                 "redis://50.50.50.100:6381" ],
    "labels": { }
  }
]
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• 配置热加载无需重启 prometheus

2.4 浏览器访问 Prometheus

• 浏览器访问 prometheus 查看 redis 存活状态
• 查看 redis_exporter 导出的redis指标

2.4.1 查看 redis 存活状态

2.4.2 查看 redis_exporter 抓取到的 redis 指标

三、部署配置 Grafana + Prometheus 数据源

• 部署 Grafana，使用 Prometheus 数据源 将 Prometheus 收集到的数据整合到 Grafana 进行展示

3.1 部署 Grafana

3.1.1 准备 rpm 安装包

https://grafana.com/grafana/download?pg=graf&plcmt=deploy-box-1
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grafana-enterprise-8.5.2-1.x86_64.rpm
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3.2.2 安装

yum install -y grafana-enterprise-8.5.2-1.x86_64.rpm
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3.2.3 启动

systemctl start grafana-server.service
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systemctl enable grafana-server.service
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3.2 浏览器访问 Grafana

http://50.50.50.100:3000/
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• 关于 Grafana 的主题可以修改 default_theme 参数
• 配置文件在 /etc/grafana/grafana.ini

3.3 Grafana 添加 Prometheus 数据源

3.4 添加仪表盘模板

• 添加 redis_exporter 仪表盘展示模板
• 我这里用的仪表盘模板 ID 763

四、自定义仪表盘

• 添加面板使用 PromQL 语句实现 role、link、存活状态的展示

4.1 预览

4.2 自己配置仪表盘

4.2.1 配置 role 展示

count by (role) (redis_instance_info{instance=~"$instance"})
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{{role}}
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4.2.2 配置 master link 展示

redis_master_link_up{instance=~"$instance"}
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master {{master_host}}:{{master_port}}
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4.2.3 配置 slave link 展示

redis_connected_slave_lag_seconds{instance=~"$instance"}
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slave {{slave_ip}}:{{slave_port}}
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4.3 或者直接使用我的 JSON

{
  "__inputs": [
    {
      "name": "DS_业务",
      "label": "业务",
      "description": "",
      "type": "datasource",
      "pluginId": "prometheus",
      "pluginName": "Prometheus"
    }
  ],
  "__elements": [],
  "__requires": [
    {
      "type": "panel",
      "id": "gauge",
      "name": "Gauge",
      "version": ""
    },
    {
      "type": "grafana",
      "id": "grafana",
      "name": "Grafana",
      "version": "8.5.2"
    },
    {
      "type": "panel",
      "id": "graph",
      "name": "Graph (old)",
      "version": ""
    },
    {
      "type": "panel",
      "id": "piechart",
      "name": "Pie chart",
      "version": ""
    },
    {
      "type": "datasource",
      "id": "prometheus",
      "name": "Prometheus",
      "version": "1.0.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "panel",
      "id": "stat",
      "name": "Stat",
      "version": ""
    }
  ],
  "annotations": {
    "list": [
      {
        "builtIn": 1,
        "datasource": {
          "type": "datasource",
          "uid": "grafana"
        },
        "enable": true,
        "hide": true,
        "iconColor": "rgba(0, 211, 255, 1)",
        "name": "Annotations & Alerts",
        "target": {
          "limit": 100,
          "matchAny": false,
          "tags": [],
          "type": "dashboard"
        },
        "type": "dashboard"
      }
    ]
  },
  "description": "Redis Dashboard for Prometheus Redis Exporter 1.x",
  "editable": true,
  "fiscalYearStartMonth": 0,
  "gnetId": 763,
  "graphTooltip": 1,
  "id": null,
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五、多业务多集群分组管理

• 配置 Prometheus 命名空间进行分组管理
• 修改自定义面板 PromQL 语句

5.1 预览

5.2 配置 namespace

cd /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus-2.45.2/redis_exporter_conf
1

vim text_A_redis_cluaster.json
1

[
  {
    "targets": [ "redis://50.50.50.100:7000",
                 "redis://50.50.50.100:7001",
                 "redis://50.50.50.100:7002",
                 "redis://50.50.50.100:7003",
                 "redis://50.50.50.100:7004",
                 "redis://50.50.50.100:7005" ],
    "labels": {"namespace": "text_A_cluaster"}
  }
]
1
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11

vim text_B_redis_sentinel.json
1

[
  {
    "targets": [ "redis://50.50.50.100:6379",
                 "redis://50.50.50.100:6380",
                 "redis://50.50.50.100:6381" ],
    "labels": {"namespace": "text_B_sentinel"}
  }
]
1
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8

5.3 修改 PromQL 语句

• 修改 master slave link 面板查询语句

redis_master_link_up{instance=~"$instance", namespace=~"$namespace"}
1

redis_connected_slave_lag_seconds{instance=~"$instance", namespace=~"$namespace"}
1

▶ Grafana + Redis 数据源 监控 Redis

一、部署 Grafana + Redis 数据源插件

1.1 部署 Grafana

• 部署 grafana 用于展示和可视化监控数据，它提供了一个直观的用户界面，可以通过仪表盘和图表来展示从 prometheus 收集到的数据

1.1.1 准备 rpm 安装包

https://grafana.com/grafana/download?pg=graf&plcmt=deploy-box-1
1

grafana-enterprise-8.5.2-1.x86_64.rpm
1

1.1.2 安装

yum install -y grafana-enterprise-8.5.2-1.x86_64.rpm
1

1.1.3 启动

systemctl start grafana-server.service
1

systemctl enable grafana-server.service
1

1.1.4 浏览器访问 Grafana

http://50.50.50.100:3000/
1

1.2 安装 Redis 数据源插件

• 安装 redis 数据源插件用于将 redis 中的数据可视化展示为各种图表和仪表盘

https://grafana.com/grafana/plugins/redis-datasource/?tab=installation
1

grafana-cli plugins install redis-datasource # 使用 grafana-cli 工具从命令行安装 redis
1

二、Grafana 配置添加 Redis 数据源

2.1 配置 Redis数据源

• 配置都差不多，我这里就只添加个 redis 集群 的监控了

2.2 添加仪表盘