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对含有小数点的数进行四舍五入是比较普遍的一种需求。在C++中也有类似的取整函数。在C++的头文件中有floor()和ceil()函数。在STL中还有round()函数。这三个函数的作用如下:
函数名称 函数说明 2.1 2.9 -2.1 -2.9
Floor() 不大于自变量的最大整数 2 2 -3 -3
Ceil() 不小于自变量的最大整数 3 3 -2 -2
Round() 四舍五入到最邻近的整数 2 3 -2 -3
从函数说明中可以看出,
(1) Floor()会取不大于自变量的最大整数,这样自变量是3.1或3.9是没有区别的,返回都是3;自变量是-2.1或-2.9也是没有区别的,返回都是-3;
(2) Ceil()会取不小于自变量的最大整数,这样自变量是3.1或3.9,返回都是4;自变量是-2.1或-2.9,返回的都是-2;
(3) Round()函数,才是我们需要的四舍五入的函数,因为它会返回离自变量最近的整数,这个返回的整数可能大于也可能小于原来的数,但是一定是离它最近的那个整数。
double floor (double x);
float floor (float x);
long double floor (long double x);
double floor (T x); // additional overloads for integral types
/* floor example */
#include <stdio.h> /* printf */
#include <math.h> /* floor */
int main ()
{
printf ( "floor of 2.3 is %.1lf\n", floor (2.3) );
printf ( "floor of 3.8 is %.1lf\n", floor (3.8) );
printf ( "floor of -2.3 is %.1lf\n", floor (-2.3) );
printf ( "floor of -3.8 is %.1lf\n", floor (-3.8) );
return 0;
}
Output:
floor of 2.3 is 2.0
floor of 3.8 is 3.0
floor of -2.3 is -3.0
floor of -3.8 is -4.0
double ceil (double x);
float ceil (float x);
long double ceil (long double x);
double ceil (T x); // additional overloads for integral types
/* ceil example */
#include <stdio.h> /* printf */
#include <math.h> /* ceil */
int main ()
{
printf ( "ceil of 2.3 is %.1f\n", ceil(2.3) );
printf ( "ceil of 3.8 is %.1f\n", ceil(3.8) );
printf ( "ceil of -2.3 is %.1f\n", ceil(-2.3) );
printf ( "ceil of -3.8 is %.1f\n", ceil(-3.8) );
return 0;
}
Output:
ceil of 2.3 is 3.0
ceil of 3.8 is 4.0
ceil of -2.3 is -2.0
ceil of -3.8 is -3.0
double round (double x);
float round (float x);
long double round (long double x);
double round (T x); // additional overloads for integral types
/* round vs floor vs ceil vs trunc */ #include <stdio.h> /* printf */ #include <math.h> /* round, floor, ceil, trunc */ int main () { const char * format = "%.1f \t%.1f \t%.1f \t%.1f \t%.1f\n"; printf ("value\tround\tfloor\tceil\ttrunc\n"); printf ("-----\t-----\t-----\t----\t-----\n"); printf (format, 2.3,round( 2.3),floor( 2.3),ceil( 2.3),trunc( 2.3)); printf (format, 3.8,round( 3.8),floor( 3.8),ceil( 3.8),trunc( 3.8)); printf (format, 5.5,round( 5.5),floor( 5.5),ceil( 5.5),trunc( 5.5)); printf (format,-2.3,round(-2.3),floor(-2.3),ceil(-2.3),trunc(-2.3)); printf (format,-3.8,round(-3.8),floor(-3.8),ceil(-3.8),trunc(-3.8)); printf (format,-5.5,round(-5.5),floor(-5.5),ceil(-5.5),trunc(-5.5)); return 0; }
Output:
value round floor ceil trunc
----- ----- ----- ---- -----
2.3 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.0
3.8 4.0 3.0 4.0 3.0
5.5 6.0 5.0 6.0 5.0
-2.3 -2.0 -3.0 -2.0 -2.0
-3.8 -4.0 -4.0 -3.0 -3.0
-5.5 -6.0 -6.0 -5.0 -5.0
具体可查看文献:http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/cmath/round/
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