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目录
一种自平衡二叉搜索树,它是在每个节点上增加一个平衡因子,然后通过调整树中节点的高度来保持树的平衡。平衡因子是左子树的高度减去右子树的高度,用它可以表示出当前节点的平衡程度。对于任意一个结点,左子树和右子树的高度差不能超过1,当一个节点的平衡因子绝对值大于1时,这个节点就被称为不平衡节点。
- //左旋转
- public Node leftSpin(Node x){
- Node y = x.right;
- Node t2 = y.left;
-
- x.right = t2;
- y.left = x;
- //更新节点的高度
- x.height = Math.max(getHight(x.left),getHight(x.right))+1;
- y.height = Math.max(getHight(y.left),getHight(y.right))+1;
- return y;
- }
- //右旋转
- public Node rightSpin(Node x){
- Node y = x.left;
- Node t2 = y.right;
-
- x.left = t2;
- y.right = x;
- //更新节点的高度
- x.height = Math.max(getHight(x.left),getHight(x.right))+1;
- y.height = Math.max(getHight(y.left),getHight(y.right))+1;
- return y;
- }
先旋转成上面只需要右旋转的情况,再经过右旋转成平衡二叉树
先旋转成上面只需要左旋转的情况,再经过左旋转成平衡二叉树
主要方法:
添加:每次添加一个节点后更新输的高度,平衡因子可能改变,依据平衡因子对二叉树进行调整;
删除:每删除一个节点后,也需要更新输的高度,平衡因子可能改变,依据平衡因子对二叉树进行调整。
辅助方法:
判断是否是二叉搜索树:通过中序遍历,将节点的前一个值与后一个值比较;
判断是否是平衡二叉树:通过判断每个子树的平衡因子的是否在[-1,1]区间内。
- import java.util.*;
- import java.util.stream.Collectors;
-
- public class AVL<T extends Comparable<T>> {
-
- public class Node {
- T val;
- Node left;
- Node right;
- //以该节点为根的树的高度
- int height;
-
- //统计单词出现的次数
- int count;
-
- public Node(T val) {
- this.val = val;
- this.height = 1;//默认高度为1
- this.count = 1;
- }
-
- @Override
- public String toString() {
- return String.format("val:%s,heiget:%d,count:%d",this.val,this.height,this.count);
- }
- }
-
- private Node root;
- private Integer size;
-
- public AVL() {
- this.root = null;
- this.size = 0;
- }
-
- public boolean isEmpt() {
- return this.size == 0;
- }
-
- public Integer getSize() {
- return this.size;
- }
-
-
- //验证是否是二叉搜索树
- public boolean isBinaryTree(){
- List<T> list = new ArrayList<>();
- midTraversal(list,this.root);
- for (int i = 1; i < list.size(); i++) {
- if (list.get(i-1).compareTo(list.get(i))>0){
- return false;
- }
- }
- return true;
- }
-
- //获取当前节点的高度
- public int getHight(Node node){
- if (node==null){
- return 0;
- }
- return node.height;
- }
- //获取当前节点的平衡因子
- public int getBalanceFactor(Node node){
- if (node==null){
- return 0;
- }
- return getHight(node.left)-getHight(node.right);
- }
-
-
- public boolean isBalanceTree(){
- return isBalanceTree(this.root);
- }
-
- //判断以node为节点的树是否是平衡二叉树
- private boolean isBalanceTree(Node node){
- if (node==null){
- return true;
- }
- int balanceFactor = Math.abs(getBalanceFactor(node));
-
- if (balanceFactor>1){
- return false;
- }else {
- return isBalanceTree(node.left)&&isBalanceTree(node.right);
- }
- }
-
- //左旋转
- public Node leftSpin(Node x){
- Node y = x.right;
- Node t2 = y.left;
-
- x.right = t2;
- y.left = x;
- //更新节点的高度
- x.height = Math.max(getHight(x.left),getHight(x.right))+1;
- y.height = Math.max(getHight(y.left),getHight(y.right))+1;
- return y;
- }
- //右旋转
- public Node rightSpin(Node x){
- Node y = x.left;
- Node t2 = y.right;
-
- x.left = t2;
- y.right = x;
- //更新节点的高度
- x.height = Math.max(getHight(x.left),getHight(x.right))+1;
- y.height = Math.max(getHight(y.left),getHight(y.right))+1;
- return y;
- }
-
- //添加
- public void add(T val) {
- this.root = add(this.root, val);
- }
-
- private Node add(Node node, T val) {
- if (node == null) {
- this.size++;
- Node leafNode = new Node(val);
- return leafNode;
- }
- //当前节点的值小于添加的val,因此val做右孩子
- if (node.val.compareTo(val) < 0) {
- node.right = add(node.right, val);
- //更新高度
- node.height = Math.max(getHight(node.left),getHight(node.right))+1;
- } else if (node.val.compareTo(val) > 0){
- node.left = add(node.left, val);
- //更新高度
- node.height = Math.max(getHight(node.left),getHight(node.right))+1;
- }else {
- node.count++;
- }
-
- //添加后还要判断是否是平衡二叉树
- Node resNode = node;
- int balanceFactor = getBalanceFactor(node);
- if (balanceFactor>1&&getBalanceFactor(node.left)>=0){
- //右
- resNode = rightSpin(node);
- }else if (balanceFactor>1&&getBalanceFactor(node.left)<0){
- //左右
- node.left = leftSpin(node.left);
- resNode = rightSpin(node);
- }else if (balanceFactor<-1&&getBalanceFactor(node.right)<=0){
- //左
- resNode = leftSpin(node);
- }else if (balanceFactor<-1&&getBalanceFactor(node.right)>0){
- //右左
- node.right = rightSpin(node.right);
- resNode = leftSpin(node);
- }
- return resNode;
- }
-
-
- //删除操作
- //删除树中的val
- public void remove(T val){
- if (!contain(val)){
- return;
- }
- this.root = remove(this.root,val);
- }
-
- /**
- * 删除val
- * @param node
- * @param val
- * @return
- */
- public Node remove(Node node, T val){
- // 递归终止条件
- if (node == null) {
- return null;
- }
- Node resNode = null;
- if (node.val.compareTo(val) == 0) {
- this.size--;
- if (node.right==null){
- //右子树为空
- resNode = node.left;
- }else if (node.left==null){
- //左子树为空
- resNode = node.right;
- }else {
- // 左右子树都不为空
- // 1.找到删除节点的后继
- Node suffixNode = getMinDG(node.right);
- // 2.删除后继
- suffixNode.right = remove(node.right,getMinDG(node.right).val);
- // 3.连接
- suffixNode.left = node.left;
- this.size++;
- // 返回删除后的根
- resNode = suffixNode;
- }
- }else if (node.val.compareTo(val)<0){
- node.right = remove(node.right,val);
- resNode = node;
- }else {
- node.left = remove(node.left,val);
- resNode = node;
- }
-
- //删除节点可能为叶子结点
- if (resNode==null){
- return null;
- }
- //更新高度
- resNode.height = Math.max(getHight(resNode.left),getHight(resNode.right))+1;
- int balanceFactor = getBalanceFactor(resNode);
- if (balanceFactor>1&&getBalanceFactor(resNode.left)>=0){
- //右
- resNode = rightSpin(resNode);
- }else if (balanceFactor>1&&getBalanceFactor(resNode.left)<0){
- //左右
- resNode.left = leftSpin(resNode.left);
- resNode = rightSpin(resNode);
- }else if (balanceFactor<-1&&getBalanceFactor(resNode.right)<=0){
- //左
- resNode = leftSpin(resNode);
- }else if (balanceFactor<-1&&getBalanceFactor(resNode.right)>0){
- //右左
- resNode.right = rightSpin(resNode.right);
- resNode = leftSpin(resNode);
- }
- return resNode;
- }
-
- private Node getMinDG(Node node) {
- // 递归终止条件
- if (node.left == null) {
- return node;
- }
- // 递归操作
- return getMinDG(node.left);
- }
-
- public String midTraversal() {
- List<T> res = new ArrayList<>();
- midTraversal(res, this.root);
- return res.stream().map(item -> item.toString()).collect(Collectors.joining(","));
- }
-
- /**
- * 中序遍历
- *
- * @param result
- * @param node 当前节点
- * @return
- */
- private void midTraversal(List<T> result, Node node) {
- if (node == null) {
- return;
- }
- midTraversal(result, node.left);
- result.add(node.val);
- midTraversal(result, node.right);
- }
-
- public void showTree(){
- showTree(this.root);
- }
- private void showTree(Node node){
- if (node == null) {
- return;
- }
- showTree(node.left);
- System.out.print(node);
- System.out.println("BalanceFactor:"+getBalanceFactor(node));
- showTree(node.right);
- }
-
- //查询是否存在val
- public boolean contain(T val){
- return contain(this.root,val);
- }
- private boolean contain(Node node,T val){
- // 递归的终止条件
- // 查询到低也没有找到
- if (node==null){
- return false;
- }
- // 递归操作
- if (node.val.compareTo(val)==0){
- return true;
- }else if (node.val.compareTo(val)<0){
- return contain(node.right,val);
- }else {
- return contain(node.left,val);
- }
- }
- //测试
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- AVL<String> bst = new AVL<>();
-
- List<String> list = ReadBookUtil.readBook("pride-and-prejudice.txt");
- list.stream().forEach(item->{
- bst.add(item);
- });
- System.out.println("是否是二分搜索树"+bst.isBinaryTree());
- System.out.println("是否是平衡二叉树"+bst.isBalanceTree());
- bst.showTree();
-
- }
- }
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