python email模块写邮件_【Python】Python使用smtplib和email模块发送邮件

需要用Python来写一个自动化测试运行结束之后，将测试结果带上附件自动发送给相关人的程序。经过尝试，已经写好了。中间遇到附件一直没有附上的问题，经过处理，现在也好了。

#构造附件

att = MIMEText(open('h:\\python\\1.jpg', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')

att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="1.jpg"'msg.attach(att)

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

邮件传送代理 (Mail Transfer Agent，MTA) 程序使用SMTP协议来发送电邮到接收者的邮件服务器。SMTP协议只能用来发送邮件，不能用来接收邮件。大多数的邮件发送服务器 (Outgoing Mail Server) 都是使用SMTP协议。SMTP协议的默认TCP端口号是25。

SMTP协议的一个重要特点是它能够接力传送邮件。它工作在两种情况下：一是电子邮件从客户机传输到服务器；二是从某一个服务器传输到另一个服务器。

POP3 (Post Office Protocol) & IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)

POP协议和IMAP协议是用于邮件接收的最常见的两种协议。几乎所有的邮件客户端和服务器都支持这两种协议。

POP3协议为用户提供了一种简单、标准的方式来访问邮箱和获取电邮。使用POP3协议的电邮客户端通常的工作过程是：连接服务器、获取所有信息并保存在用户主机、从服务器删除这些消息然后断开连接。POP3协议的默认TCP端口号是110。

IMAP协议也提供了方便的邮件下载服务，让用户能进行离线阅读。使用IMAP协议的电邮客户端通常把信息保留在服务器上直到用户显式删除。这种特性使得多个客户端可以同时管理一个邮箱。IMAP协议提供了摘要浏览功能，可以让用户在阅读完所有的邮件到达时间、主题、发件人、大小等信息后再决定是否下载。IMAP协议的默认TCP端口号是143。

邮件格式 (RFC 2822)

每封邮件都有两个部分：邮件头和邮件体，两者使用一个空行分隔。

邮件头每个字段 (Field) 包括两部分：字段名和字段值，两者使用冒号分隔。有两个字段需要注意：From和Sender字段。From字段指明的是邮件的作者，Sender字段指明的是邮件的发送者。如果From字段包含多于一个的作者，必须指定Sender字段；如果From字段只有一个作者并且作者和发送者相同，那么不应该再使用Sender字段，否则From字段和Sender字段应该同时使用。

邮件体包含邮件的内容，它的类型由邮件头的Content-Type字段指明。RFC 2822定义的邮件格式中，邮件体只是单纯的ASCII编码的字符序列。

MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) (RFC 1341)

MIME扩展邮件的格式，用以支持非ASCII编码的文本、非文本附件以及包含多个部分 (multi-part) 的邮件体等。

Python email模块

1. class email.message.Message

__getitem__，__setitem__实现obj[key]形式的访问。

Msg.attach(playload): 向当前Msg添加playload。

Msg.set_playload(playload): 把整个Msg对象的邮件体设成playload。

Msg.add_header(_name, _value, **_params): 添加邮件头字段。

2. class email.mime.base.MIMEBase(_maintype, _subtype, **_params)

所有MIME类的基类，是email.message.Message类的子类。

3. class email.mime.multipart.MIMEMultipart()

在3.0版本的email模块 (Python 2.3-Python 2.5) 中，这个类位于email.MIMEMultipart.MIMEMultipart。

这个类是MIMEBase的直接子类，用来生成包含多个部分的邮件体的MIME对象。

4. class email.mime.text.MIMEText(_text)

使用字符串_text来生成MIME对象的主体文本。

发邮件代码范例：

#!/usr/bin/env python#-*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

from email.mime.multipart importMIMEMultipartfrom email.mime.base importMIMEBasefrom email.mime.text importMIMEText#python 2.3.*: email.Utils email.Encoders

from email.utils importCOMMASPACE,formatdatefrom email importencodersimportos#server['name'], server['user'], server['passwd']

def send_mail(server, fro, to, subject, text, files=[]):assert type(server) ==dictassert type(to) ==listassert type(files) ==list

msg=MIMEMultipart()

msg['From'] =fro

msg['Subject'] =subject

msg['To'] = COMMASPACE.join(to) #COMMASPACE==', '

msg['Date'] = formatdate(localtime=True)

msg.attach(MIMEText(text))for file infiles:

part= MIMEBase('application', 'octet-stream') #'octet-stream': binary data

part.set_payload(open(file, 'rb'.read()))

encoders.encode_base64(part)

part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment; filename="%s"' %os.path.basename(file))

msg.attach(part)importsmtplib

smtp= smtplib.SMTP(server['name'])

smtp.login(server['user'], server['passwd'])

smtp.sendmail(fro, to, msg.as_string())

smtp.close()

代码示范2：

#!/usr/bin/env python#-*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

from email.mime.multipart importMIMEMultipartfrom email.mime.base importMIMEBasefrom email.mime.text importMIMEText#python 2.3.*: email.Utils email.Encoders

from email.utils importCOMMASPACE,formatdatefrom email importencodersimportos#server['name'], server['user'], server['passwd']

def send_mail(server, fro, to, subject, text, files=[]):assert type(server) ==dictassert type(to) ==listassert type(files) ==list

msg=MIMEMultipart()

msg['From'] =fro

msg['Subject'] =subject

msg['To'] = COMMASPACE.join(to) #COMMASPACE==', '

msg['Date'] = formatdate(localtime=True)

msg.attach(MIMEText(text))for file infiles:

part= MIMEBase('application', 'octet-stream') #'octet-stream': binary data

part.set_payload(open(file, 'rb'.read()))

encoders.encode_base64(part)

part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment; filename="%s"' %os.path.basename(file))

msg.attach(part)importsmtplib

smtp= smtplib.SMTP(server['name'])

smtp.login(server['user'], server['passwd'])

smtp.sendmail(fro, to, msg.as_string())

smtp.close()

文件形式的邮件：

#!/usr/bin/env python3#coding: utf-8

importsmtplibfrom email.mime.text importMIMETextfrom email.header importHeader

sender= '***'receiver= '***'subject= 'python email test'smtpserver= 'smtp.163.com'username= '***'password= '***'msg= MIMEText('你好','text','utf-8') #中文需参数‘utf-8’，单字节字符不需要

msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')

smtp=smtplib.SMTP()

smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')

smtp.login(username, password)

smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())

smtp.quit()#!/usr/bin/env python3#coding: utf-8

importsmtplibfrom email.mime.text importMIMETextfrom email.header importHeader

sender= '***'receiver= '***'subject= 'python email test'smtpserver= 'smtp.163.com'username= '***'password= '***'msg= MIMEText('你好','text','utf-8') #中文需参数‘utf-8’，单字节字符不需要

msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')

smtp=smtplib.SMTP()

smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')

smtp.login(username, password)

smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())

smtp.quit()

HTML形式的邮件

#!/usr/bin/env python3#coding: utf-8

importsmtplibfrom email.mime.text importMIMEText

sender= '***'receiver= '***'subject= 'python email test'smtpserver= 'smtp.163.com'username= '***'password= '***'msg= MIMEText('

你好

','html','utf-8')

msg['Subject'] =subject

smtp=smtplib.SMTP()

smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')

smtp.login(username, password)

smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())

smtp.quit()

如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python3#coding: utf-8

importsmtplibfrom email.mime.text importMIMEText

sender= '***'receiver= '***'subject= 'python email test'smtpserver= 'smtp.163.com'username= '***'password= '***'msg= MIMEText('

你好

','html','utf-8')

msg['Subject'] =subject

smtp=smtplib.SMTP()

smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')

smtp.login(username, password)

smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())

smtp.quit()

带图片的HTML形式的邮件

#!/usr/bin/env python3#coding: utf-8

importsmtplibfrom email.mime.multipart importMIMEMultipartfrom email.mime.text importMIMETextfrom email.mime.image importMIMEImage

sender= '***'receiver= '***'subject= 'python email test'smtpserver= 'smtp.163.com'username= '***'password= '***'msgRoot= MIMEMultipart('related')

msgRoot['Subject'] = 'test message'msgText= MIMEText('Some HTML text and an image.
good!','html','utf-8')

msgRoot.attach(msgText)

fp= open('h:\\python\\1.jpg', 'rb')

msgImage=MIMEImage(fp.read())

fp.close()

msgImage.add_header('Content-ID', '')

msgRoot.attach(msgImage)

smtp=smtplib.SMTP()

smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')

smtp.login(username, password)

smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msgRoot.as_string())

smtp.quit()

如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python3#coding: utf-8

importsmtplibfrom email.mime.multipart importMIMEMultipartfrom email.mime.text importMIMETextfrom email.mime.image importMIMEImage

sender= '***'receiver= '***'subject= 'python email test'smtpserver= 'smtp.163.com'username= '***'password= '***'msgRoot= MIMEMultipart('related')

msgRoot['Subject'] = 'test message'msgText= MIMEText('Some HTML text and an image.
good!','html','utf-8')

msgRoot.attach(msgText)

fp= open('h:\\python\\1.jpg', 'rb')

msgImage=MIMEImage(fp.read())

fp.close()

msgImage.add_header('Content-ID', '')

msgRoot.attach(msgImage)

smtp=smtplib.SMTP()

smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')

smtp.login(username, password)

smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msgRoot.as_string())

smtp.quit()

带附件的邮件

#!/usr/bin/env python3#coding: utf-8

importsmtplibfrom email.mime.multipart importMIMEMultipartfrom email.mime.text importMIMETextfrom email.mime.image importMIMEImage

sender= '***'receiver= '***'subject= 'python email test'smtpserver= 'smtp.163.com'username= '***'password= '***'msgRoot= MIMEMultipart('related')

msgRoot['Subject'] = 'test message'

#构造附件

att = MIMEText(open('h:\\python\\1.jpg', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')

att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="1.jpg"'msgRoot.attach(att)

smtp=smtplib.SMTP()

smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')

smtp.login(username, password)

smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msgRoot.as_string())

smtp.quit()

如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python3#coding: utf-8

importsmtplibfrom email.mime.multipart importMIMEMultipartfrom email.mime.text importMIMETextfrom email.mime.image importMIMEImage

sender= '***'receiver= '***'subject= 'python email test'smtpserver= 'smtp.163.com'username= '***'password= '***'msgRoot= MIMEMultipart('related')

msgRoot['Subject'] = 'test message'

#构造附件

att = MIMEText(open('h:\\python\\1.jpg', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')

att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="1.jpg"'msgRoot.attach(att)

smtp=smtplib.SMTP()

smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')

smtp.login(username, password)

smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msgRoot.as_string())

smtp.quit()

群邮件

#!/usr/bin/env python3#coding: utf-8

importsmtplibfrom email.mime.text importMIMEText

sender= '***'receiver= ['***','****',……]

subject= 'python email test'smtpserver= 'smtp.163.com'username= '***'password= '***'msg= MIMEText('你好','text','utf-8')

msg['Subject'] =subject

smtp=smtplib.SMTP()

smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')

smtp.login(username, password)

smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())

smtp.quit()

各种元素都包含的邮件

#!/usr/bin/env python3#coding: utf-8

importsmtplibfrom email.mime.multipart importMIMEMultipartfrom email.mime.text importMIMETextfrom email.mime.image importMIMEImage

sender= '***'receiver= '***'subject= 'python email test'smtpserver= 'smtp.163.com'username= '***'password= '***'

#Create message container - the correct MIME type is multipart/alternative.

msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative')

msg['Subject'] = "Link"

#Create the body of the message (a plain-text and an HTML version).

text = "Hi!\nHow are you?\nHere is the link you wanted:\nhttp://www.python.org"html= """\

Hi!

How are you?

Here is the link you wanted.

"""

#Record the MIME types of both parts - text/plain and text/html.

part1 = MIMEText(text, 'plain')

part2= MIMEText(html, 'html')#Attach parts into message container.#According to RFC 2046, the last part of a multipart message, in this case#the HTML message, is best and preferred.

msg.attach(part1)

msg.attach(part2)#构造附件

att = MIMEText(open('h:\\python\\1.jpg', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')

att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="1.jpg"'msg.attach(att)

smtp=smtplib.SMTP()

smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')

smtp.login(username, password)

smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())

smtp.quit()

该文参考：http://blog.csdn.net/menglei8625/article/details/7721746