QGraphicsView移动图元/场景以及坐标转换_qt将图元移动到场景中心

使用Qt来画图的时候，需要了解一下QGraphicsView（视图）、QGraphicsScene（场景）、QGraphicsItem（图元），已经他们之间的关系。

通过把各种 图元（基类都是：QGraphicsItem）组合在一起搭建成场景（QGraphicsScene），把搭建好的场景通过视图展示出来（QGraphicsView）。

通过一个示例来展示，选中图元的时候可以移动图元，选中空白的时候可以移动整个场景：

1.坐标转换

这三者之间的存在不同的坐标系，他们之间需要坐标转换，而且只用QGraphicsItem和QGraphicsView有坐标转换的功能，也就是说QGraphicsItem和QGraphicsView都可以QGraphicsScene直接进行坐标转换，但是QGraphicsItem和QGraphicsView之间的坐标转换需要通过QGraphicsScene进行转换。

所有的图元QGraphicsItem都是放到QGraphicsScene中，所以QGraphicsScene是所有的图元的父图元。

常用的坐标转换函数：

QGraphicsView::mapToScene() - 视图 -> 场景

QGraphicsView::mapFromScene() -  场景 -> 视图

QGraphicsItem::mapFromScene() -  场景 -> 图元

QGraphicsItem::mapToScene() - 图元 -> 场景

QGraphicsItem::mapToParent() - 子图元 -> 父图元

QGraphicsItem::mapFromParent() - 父图元 -> 子图元

QGraphicsItem::mapToItem() - 本图元 -> 其他图元

QGraphicsItem::mapFromItem() - 其他图元 -> 本图元
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2.图元/场景移动

如果是移动单个图元的话，

	setFlag(QGraphicsItem::ItemIsMovable, true);//可以拖动
	setFlag(QGraphicsItem::ItemIsSelectable, true);//可以选中
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贴上代码：
自定义图元：

#pragma once

#include <QGraphicsEllipseItem>

class IGraphicsCoord;

class AAAEllipseItem : public QGraphicsEllipseItem {

public:
	AAAEllipseItem(QGraphicsItem *parent);
	~AAAEllipseItem();

	inline void setCoord(IGraphicsCoord* coord){
		_graphicsCoord = coord;
	}
private:
	virtual void mousePressEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event)Q_DECL_OVERRIDE;
	virtual void mouseMoveEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event)Q_DECL_OVERRIDE;
	virtual void mouseReleaseEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event)Q_DECL_OVERRIDE;

private:
	IGraphicsCoord* _graphicsCoord = nullptr;
	QPointF _mousePress;
};

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#include "AAAEllipseItem.h"
#include <QDebug>
#include <QPen>
#include <QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent>
#include "IGraphicsCoord.h"


AAAEllipseItem::AAAEllipseItem(QGraphicsItem *parent)
	: QGraphicsEllipseItem(parent) {
	setFlag(QGraphicsItem::ItemIsMovable, true);
	setFlag(QGraphicsItem::ItemIsSelectable, true);

	QPen pen;
	pen.setColor(QColor(247, 99, 0));
	pen.setWidth(3);

	setPen(pen);
}

AAAEllipseItem::~AAAEllipseItem() {
}


void AAAEllipseItem::mousePressEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event) {
	QGraphicsEllipseItem::mousePressEvent(event);
	qDebug() << "AAAEllipseItem:" << event->pos().x() << event->pos().y();
	QPointF ptScene = mapToScene(event->pos());
	qDebug() << "AAAEllipseItem mapToScene:" << ptScene.x() << ptScene.y();
	if (_graphicsCoord != nullptr){
		_graphicsCoord->itemToSence(ptScene);
	}
}

void AAAEllipseItem::mouseMoveEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event) {
	QGraphicsEllipseItem::mouseMoveEvent(event);

}

void AAAEllipseItem::mouseReleaseEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event) {
	QGraphicsEllipseItem::mouseReleaseEvent(event);

} 
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自定义场景：

#pragma once

#include <QGraphicsScene>

class AAAGraphicsScene : public QGraphicsScene {
	Q_OBJECT

public:
	AAAGraphicsScene(QObject *parent);
	~AAAGraphicsScene();
private:
	virtual void mousePressEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event)Q_DECL_OVERRIDE;
	virtual void mouseMoveEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event)Q_DECL_OVERRIDE;
	virtual void mouseReleaseEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event)Q_DECL_OVERRIDE;
};

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#include "AAAGraphicsScene.h"
#include <QDebug>
#include <QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent>

AAAGraphicsScene::AAAGraphicsScene(QObject *parent)
	: QGraphicsScene(parent) {
}

AAAGraphicsScene::~AAAGraphicsScene() {
}

void AAAGraphicsScene::mousePressEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event) {
	QGraphicsScene::mousePressEvent(event);
	qDebug() << "AAAGraphicsScene:" << event->pos().x() << event->pos().y();
}

void AAAGraphicsScene::mouseMoveEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event) {
	QGraphicsScene::mouseMoveEvent(event);
	
}

void AAAGraphicsScene::mouseReleaseEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event) {
	QGraphicsScene::mouseReleaseEvent(event);
}

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自定义视图：

#pragma once

#include <QGraphicsView>
#include "IGraphicsCoord.h"

class IGraphicsCoord2;

class AAAGraphicsView : public QGraphicsView,public IGraphicsCoord {
	Q_OBJECT

public:
	AAAGraphicsView(QWidget *parent);
	~AAAGraphicsView();

	inline void setItemCoord(IGraphicsCoord2* coord){
		_graphicsCoord2 = coord;
	}

protected:
	void mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent *event) Q_DECL_OVERRIDE;
	void mouseMoveEvent(QMouseEvent *event) Q_DECL_OVERRIDE;
	void mouseReleaseEvent(QMouseEvent *event) Q_DECL_OVERRIDE;

private:
	virtual void itemToSence(QPointF pt)override;
private:
	IGraphicsCoord2* _graphicsCoord2 = nullptr;
	QPoint _mouseLBtnDown;
	bool _isLBtnDown = false;
};

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#include "AAAGraphicsView.h"
#include <QDebug>
#include <QMouseEvent>

AAAGraphicsView::AAAGraphicsView(QWidget *parent)
	: QGraphicsView(parent) {

	//隐藏水平/竖直滚动条
	setHorizontalScrollBarPolicy(Qt::ScrollBarAlwaysOff);
	setVerticalScrollBarPolicy(Qt::ScrollBarAlwaysOff);

	//设置场景范围
	setSceneRect(INT_MIN / 2, INT_MIN / 2, INT_MAX, INT_MAX);
	//反锯齿
	setRenderHints(QPainter::Antialiasing);
}

AAAGraphicsView::~AAAGraphicsView() {
}

void AAAGraphicsView::mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent *event) {
	QGraphicsView::mousePressEvent(event);
	qDebug() << "AAAGraphicsView:" << event->pos().x() << event->pos().y();

	if (event->button() == Qt::LeftButton){
		if (scene()->itemAt(mapToScene(event->pos()), transform()) == nullptr) {//没有选中任何图元
			qDebug() << QStringLiteral("没有选中图元");
			_mouseLBtnDown = event->pos();
			_isLBtnDown = true;
		}
	}
}

void AAAGraphicsView::mouseMoveEvent(QMouseEvent *event) {
	QGraphicsView::mouseMoveEvent(event);
	if (_isLBtnDown){
		QPointF ptNow = mapToScene(event->pos());
		QPointF movePt = ptNow - mapToScene(_mouseLBtnDown);

		//根据鼠标当前的点作为定位点
		setTransformationAnchor(QGraphicsView::AnchorUnderMouse);
		QPoint nowCenter(-movePt.x(),  -movePt.y());
		//qDebug() << "nowCenter:" << nowCenter.x()<< "  "<< nowCenter.y();
		centerOn((nowCenter));
		setTransformationAnchor(QGraphicsView::AnchorViewCenter);
	}
}

void AAAGraphicsView::mouseReleaseEvent(QMouseEvent *event) {
	QGraphicsView::mouseReleaseEvent(event);
	if (event->button() == Qt::LeftButton) {
		_isLBtnDown = false;
	}
}

void AAAGraphicsView::itemToSence(QPointF pt) {
	QPointF ptFromScene = mapFromScene(pt);
	qDebug() << "AAAGraphicsView mapFromSence:" << ptFromScene.x() << ptFromScene.y();
}

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定义接口：

#pragma once
#include <QPointF>

class IGraphicsCoord {
public:
	IGraphicsCoord();
	~IGraphicsCoord();

	virtual void itemToSence(QPointF pt);
}; 
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#include "IGraphicsCoord.h"

IGraphicsCoord::IGraphicsCoord() {
}

IGraphicsCoord::~IGraphicsCoord() {
}

void IGraphicsCoord::itemToSence(QPointF pt) {

}
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创建场景：

void QtGuiOPenGL::init3() {
	AAAGraphicsScene* scene = new AAAGraphicsScene(this);
	AAAEllipseItem* e1 = new AAAEllipseItem(nullptr);
	e1->setRect(10, 10, 100, 100);
	scene->addItem(e1);

	AAAEllipseItem* e2 = new AAAEllipseItem(nullptr);
	e2->setRect(20, 20, 200, 100);
	scene->addItem(e2);

	scene->addLine(0.0, 0.0, 100.0, 0.0);
	scene->addLine(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 100.0);

	AAAGraphicsView* view = new AAAGraphicsView(this);
	e1->setCoord(view);

	//view->setAlignment(Qt::AlignLeft | Qt::AlignTop);
	view->setScene(scene);

	ui.verticalLayout->addWidget(view)                                          ;
}

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运行之后，当点击一个图元的时候，输出的信息：

AAAEllipseItem: 54 43
AAAEllipseItem mapToScene: 54 43
AAAGraphicsScene: 54 43
AAAGraphicsView: 357 304
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这也说明了，鼠标事件传递的顺序：
图元-> 场景->视图
QGraphicsItem -> QGraphicsScene -> QGraphicsView
视图和图元的交互是通过场景来装换的。

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