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maven
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi</artifactId>
<version>3.17</version>
</dependency>
Gradle
implementation group: 'org.apache.poi', name: 'poi', version: '3.17'
1、自定义注解类
@Retention(value = RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(value = ElementType.FIELD)
public @interface Excel {
String name();//列的名字
int width() default 6000;//列的宽度
int index() default -1;//决定生成的顺序
boolean isMust() default true; // 是否为必须值,默认是必须的
}
2、Java的Excel对象,只展现了field,get与set方法就忽略了
public class GoodsExcelModel { @Excel(name = "ID_禁止改动", index = 0, width = 0) private Long picId;//picId @Excel(name = "产品ID_禁止改动", index = 1, width = 0) private Long productId; @Excel(name = "型号", index = 3) private String productName;//产品型号 @Excel(name = "系列", index = 2) private String seriesName;//系列名字 @Excel(name = "库存", index = 5) private Long quantity; @Excel(name = "属性值", index = 4) private String propValue; @Excel(name = "价格", index = 6) private Double price; @Excel(name = "商品编码", index = 7, isMust = false) private String outerId; @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) private Long dbId; // 数据库自增长id private Date createTime; // 记录创建时间 }
3、Excel表格与对象转换的工具类,使用时指定泛型参数和泛型的class即可
public class ExcelUtil { private static final String GET = "get"; private static final String SET = "set"; private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ExcelUtil.class); /** * 将对象转换成Excel * * @param objList 需要转换的对象 * @return 返回是poi中的对象 */ public static HSSFWorkbook toExcel(List objList) { if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(objList)) throw new NullPointerException("无效的数据"); Class aClass = objList.get(0).getClass(); Field[] fields = aClass.getDeclaredFields(); HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(); for (int i = 0; i < objList.size(); i++) { HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(i + 1);//要从第二行开始写 HSSFRow topRow = null; if (i == 0) topRow = sheet.createRow(0); for (Field field : fields) { Excel excel = field.getAnnotation(Excel.class);//得到字段是否使用了Excel注解 if (excel == null) continue; HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(excel.index());//设置当前值放到第几列 String startName = field.getName().substring(0, 1); String endName = field.getName().substring(1, field.getName().length()); String methodName = new StringBuffer(GET).append(startName.toUpperCase()).append(endName).toString(); try { Method method = aClass.getMethod(methodName);//根据方法名获取方法,用于调用 Object invoke = method.invoke(objList.get(i)); if (invoke == null) continue; cell.setCellValue(invoke.toString()); } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InvocationTargetException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } if (topRow == null) continue; HSSFCell topRowCell = topRow.createCell(excel.index()); topRowCell.setCellValue(excel.name()); sheet.setColumnWidth(excel.index(), excel.width()); } } return workbook; } /** * 将Excel文件转换为指定对象 * * @param file 传入的Excel * @param c 需要被指定的class * @return * @throws IOException * @throws IllegalAccessException * @throws InstantiationException */ public static <T> List<T> excelFileToObject(MultipartFile file, Class<T> c) throws IOException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException { //key为反射得到的下标,value为对于的set方法 Map<Integer, String> methodMap = new HashMap<>(); //保存第一列的值与对应的下标,用于验证用户是否删除了该列,key为下标,value为名字 Map<Integer, String> startRowNameMap = new HashMap<>(); //用来记录当前参数是否为必须的 Map<Integer, Boolean> fieldIsMustMap = new HashMap<>(); //得到所有的字段 Field[] fields = c.getDeclaredFields(); for (Field field : fields) { Excel excel = field.getAnnotation(Excel.class); if (excel == null) continue; String startName = field.getName().substring(0, 1); String endName = field.getName().substring(1, field.getName().length()); String methodName = new StringBuffer(SET).append(startName.toUpperCase()).append(endName).toString(); methodMap.put(excel.index(), methodName); startRowNameMap.put(excel.index(), excel.name()); fieldIsMustMap.put(excel.index(), excel.isMust()); } String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename(); Workbook wb = fileName.endsWith(".xlsx") ? new XSSFWorkbook(file.getInputStream()) : new HSSFWorkbook(file.getInputStream()); Sheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0); Row sheetRow = sheet.getRow(0); for (Cell cell : sheetRow) { Integer columnIndex = cell.getColumnIndex(); if (cell.getCellTypeEnum() != CellType.STRING) throw new ExcelException("excel校验失败, 请勿删除文件中第一行数据 !!!"); String value = cell.getStringCellValue(); String name = startRowNameMap.get(columnIndex); if (name == null) throw new ExcelException("excel校验失败,请勿移动文件中任何列的顺序!!!"); if (!name.equals(value)) throw new ExcelException("excel校验失败,【" + name + "】列被删除,请勿删除文件中任何列 !!!"); } sheet.removeRow(sheetRow);//第一行是不需要被反射赋值的 List<T> models = new ArrayList<>(); for (Row row : sheet) { if (row == null || !checkRow(row)) continue; T obj = c.newInstance();//创建新的实例化对象 Class excelModelClass = obj.getClass(); startRowNameMap.entrySet().forEach(x -> { Integer index = x.getKey(); Cell cell = row.getCell(index); String methodName = methodMap.get(index); if (StringUtils.isEmpty(methodName)) return; List<Method> methods = Lists.newArrayList(excelModelClass.getMethods()).stream() .filter(m -> m.getName().startsWith(SET)).collect(Collectors.toList()); String rowName = startRowNameMap.get(index);//列的名字 for (Method method : methods) { if (!method.getName().startsWith(methodName)) continue; //检测value属性 String value = valueCheck(cell, rowName, fieldIsMustMap.get(index)); //开始进行调用方法反射赋值 methodInvokeHandler(obj, method, value); } }); models.add(obj); } return models; } /** * 检测当前需要赋值的value * * @param cell 当前循环行中的列对象 * @param rowName 列的名字{@link Excel}中的name * @param isMust 是否为必须的 * @return 值 */ private static String valueCheck(Cell cell, String rowName, Boolean isMust) { //有时候删除单个数据会造成cell为空,也可能是value为空 if (cell == null && isMust) { throw new ExcelException("excel校验失败,【" + rowName + "】中的数据禁止单个删除"); } if (cell == null) return null; cell.setCellType(CellType.STRING); String value = cell.getStringCellValue(); if ((value == null || value.trim().isEmpty()) && isMust) { throw new ExcelException("excel校验失败,【" + rowName + "】中的数据禁止单个删除"); } return value; } /** * 反射赋值的处理的方法 * * @param obj 循环创建的需要赋值的对象 * @param method 当前对象期中一个set方法 * @param value 要被赋值的内容 */ private static void methodInvokeHandler(Object obj, Method method, String value) { Class<?> parameterType = method.getParameterTypes()[0]; try { if (parameterType == null) { method.invoke(obj); return; } String name = parameterType.getName(); if (name.equals(String.class.getName())) { method.invoke(obj, value); return; } if (name.equals(Long.class.getName())) { method.invoke(obj, Long.valueOf(value)); return; } if (name.equals(Double.class.getName())) { method.invoke(obj, Double.valueOf(value)); } } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InvocationTargetException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } private static boolean checkRow(Row row) { try { if (row == null) return false; short firstCellNum = row.getFirstCellNum(); short lastCellNum = row.getLastCellNum(); if (firstCellNum < 0 && lastCellNum < 0) return false; if (firstCellNum != 0) { for (short i = firstCellNum; i < lastCellNum; i++) { Cell cell = row.getCell(i); String cellValue = cell.getStringCellValue(); if (!StringUtils.isBlank(cellValue)) return true; } return false; } return true; } catch (Exception e) { return true; } }
4、导出Excel与导入Excel的示例代码
1、选择数据
2、设置基本数据,然后导出表格
3、导出表格效果,在图片中看到A和B列没有显示出来,这是因为我将其宽度配置为了0
4、将必须参数删除后上传测试,如下图中,商品编码我设置isMust为false所以删除数据就不会出现此问题。会提示验证失败,具体错误查看图片
5、将列中值的顺序调整测试,也会提示验证失败,具体效果如下图
6、正常上传测试,具体效果下如图
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