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通过本文可掌握在pg数据库中如何正确使用json字段,如何进行数据查询,在where子查询中如何使用,以及对json值进行聚合查询使用.
概述
JSON 代表 JavaScript Object Notation。JSON是开放的标准格式,由key-value对组成。JSON的主要用于在服务器与web应用之间传输数据。新建表如下:
CREATE TABLE "public"."biz_orders" ( "ID" int8 NOT NULL DEFAULT nextval('"biz_orders_ID_seq"'::regclass),
"info" json NOT NULL
);
表初始化语句:
INSERT INTO "biz_orders"("ID", "info") VALUES (1, '{"name":"张三","items":{"product":"啤酒","qty":6}}');
INSERT INTO "biz_orders"("ID", "info") VALUES (2, '{"name":"李四","items":{"product":"辣条","qty":8}}');
INSERT INTO "biz_orders"("ID", "info") VALUES (3, '{"name":"王五","items":{"product":"苹果","qty":18}}');
INSERT INTO "biz_orders"("ID", "info") VALUES (4, '{"name":"赵一","items":{"product":"香蕉","qty":20}}');
使用
1、简单查询
select * from biz_orders;
2、查询使用->操作符,查询json中所有顾客作为键
SELECT info -> 'name' AS customer FROM biz_orders;
3、下面使用->>操作获取所有顾客姓名作为值
SELECT info ->> 'name' AS customer FROM biz_orders;
4、根据json对象的key查询值
SELECT
info -> 'items' ->> 'product' as product
FROM
biz_orders
ORDER BY
product;
5、where查询中使用json字段
SELECT
info ->> 'name' AS customer
FROM
biz_orders
WHERE
info -> 'items' ->> 'product' = '辣条'
6、case 查询
SELECT
info ->> 'name' AS customer,
info -> 'items' ->> 'product' AS product
FROM
biz_orders
WHERE
CAST (
info -> 'items' ->> 'qty' AS INTEGER
) = 6
7、聚合函数
SELECT
MIN( CAST ( info -> 'items' ->> 'qty' AS INTEGER ) ),
MAX( CAST ( info -> 'items' ->> 'qty' AS INTEGER ) ),
SUM( CAST ( info -> 'items' ->> 'qty' AS INTEGER ) ),
AVG( CAST ( info -> 'items' ->> 'qty' AS INTEGER ) )
FROM
biz_orders;
8、类型查询
SELECT
json_typeof ( info -> 'items' -> 'qty' )
FROM
biz_orders;
总结
通过以上例子,知道在pg数据库中如何存储json数据,并且掌握基本的查询,在查询条件中使用json,在聚合函数中使用。虽然,关系型数据库的强项不是在于json处理,而MongoDb或者Redis等NoSQL更适合做这类处理,但是在不引入一个新数据存储的情况下,利用现有架构解决生产问题。随着pg甚至mysql不断向前发展,相信未来对于json等数据支持会越来越好,性能也会越来越高。
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