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前言,emm,确实,已经在视觉控制部分卡了很久了 ,查了很多资料,目前,对于专业做机器臂的企业用的大多是用的路径规划,它涉及到了人工智能方向,但在本科生阶段,大多用的是一种叫运动学逆解的思路,它用到的是解三角函数的方式,这是对于低自由度的,对于高自由度的还会用到现代控制理论的知识,,只能说,创作之路略微小小小小的困难.
准备物品:
STM32F407VET6 、STM32F103C8T6、HC05蓝牙模块,两块HC06模块 三块步进电机驱动器, 一台三轴机械臂
主体思路:想做的是一个三轴机械臂,能实现蓝牙控制和视觉抓取(目前只完成蓝牙控制) 用手机连接一块HC06蓝牙,当收到手机的指令后,在单片机(c8t6和vet6的控制下,完成简单的三轴运动)。
5步骤:
1.STM32407ZGT6
这里的VET6主要担任了两个任务,一个是接收手机的数据,并发送给c8t6,另一个就是控制三个步进电机,步进电机只要控制,而控制步进电机需要一个驱动器,在驱动器的作用下,我们只要对其输入脉冲电机就能够旋转,输入高低电平,电机便能正转和反转, 具体如下:
- /* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
- /**
- ******************************************************************************
- * @file : main.c
- * @brief : Main program body
- ******************************************************************************
- * @attention
- *
- * Copyright (c) 2022 STMicroelectronics.
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
- * in the root directory of this software component.
- * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
- *
- ******************************************************************************
- */
- /* USER CODE END Header */
- /* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
- #include "main.h"
- #include "i2c.h"
- #include "tim.h"
- #include "usart.h"
- #include "gpio.h"
-
- /* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
- /* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
-
- /* USER CODE END Includes */
-
- /* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
- /* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
-
- /* USER CODE END PTD */
-
- /* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
- /* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
- /* USER CODE END PD */
-
- /* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
- /* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
-
- /* USER CODE END PM */
-
- /* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
-
- /* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
-
- /* USER CODE END PV */
-
- /* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
- void SystemClock_Config(void);
- /* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
- #define USART_REC_LEN 200
- uint8_t Res ,S; //数据存放的地方
- uint8_t USART2_RX_BUF[USART_REC_LEN]; //接收缓冲,最大USART_REC_LEN个字节.(一般给200,接收数据量大就增加)
- uint16_t USART2_RX_STA; //接收状态标记
- /* USER CODE END PFP */
-
- /* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
- /* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
- uint8_t send_str0[]="8";
- uint8_t send_str1[]="9";
- /* USER CODE END 0 */
-
- /**
- * @brief The application entry point.
- * @retval int
- */
- int main(void)
- {
- /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
- /* USER CODE END 1 */
-
- /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
-
- /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
- HAL_Init();
-
- /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
-
- /* USER CODE END Init */
-
- /* Configure the system clock */
- SystemClock_Config();
-
- /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
-
- /* USER CODE END SysInit */
-
- /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
- MX_GPIO_Init();
- MX_I2C1_Init();
- MX_TIM1_Init();
- MX_USART1_UART_Init();
- MX_USART2_UART_Init();
- /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
- HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim1,TIM_CHANNEL_1);
- HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim1,TIM_CHANNEL_2);
- HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim1,TIM_CHANNEL_3);
- HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart2, &Res, 1);
- HAL_UART_Transmit_IT(&huart1, &Res, 1);
- /* USER CODE END 2 */
-
- /* Infinite loop */
- /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
- while (1)
- {
- HAL_Delay(100);
- USART2_RX_BUF[0]=S;
- /* USER CODE END WHILE */
-
- /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
- //if(USART1_RX_STA & 0x8000)// 1000 0000 0000 0000 0000 判断是否接受到
- //{
- //
- // while(huart1.gState != HAL_UART_STATE_READY){};
- if( USART2_RX_BUF[0]== '1') // 当收到字符'1'的时候 机械臂向上运动
- {__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim1,TIM_CHANNEL_1,100); //定时器1通道1输出一段脉冲
- __HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim1,TIM_CHANNEL_2,0);//屏蔽定时器1通道2
- __HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim1,TIM_CHANNEL_3,0);//屏蔽定时器1通道3
- HAL_Delay(1);
- HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_4,GPIO_PIN_RESET); //F407引脚 输出 低电平 使其向上运动
- }
- if(USART2_RX_BUF[0]== '2') // 当收到字符'2' 的时候 机械臂向下运动
- {__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim1,TIM_CHANNEL_1,100);//定时器1通道1输出一段脉冲
- __HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim1,TIM_CHANNEL_2,0);//屏蔽定时器1通道2
- __HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim1,TIM_CHANNEL_3,0); //屏蔽定时器1通道3
- HAL_Delay(1);
- HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_4,GPIO_PIN_SET); //F407引脚 输出 高电平 使其向下运动
- }
- if(USART2_RX_BUF[0]== '3') // 当收到字符'3' 的时候 机械臂向左运动
- {
- __HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim1,TIM_CHANNEL_2,100);//定时器1通道2输出一段脉冲
- __HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim1,TIM_CHANNEL_1,0);//屏蔽定时器1通道1
- __HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim1,TIM_CHANNEL_3,0);//屏蔽定时器1通道3
- HAL_Delay(1);
- HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_5,GPIO_PIN_RESET);//F407引脚 输出 低电平 使其向左运动
- }
- if(USART2_RX_BUF[0]== '4') // 当收到字符'4'的时候 机械臂向右运动
- {
- __HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim1,TIM_CHANNEL_2,100);//定时器1通道2输出一段脉冲
- __HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim1,TIM_CHANNEL_1,0);//屏蔽定时器1通道1
- __HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim1,TIM_CHANNEL_3,0);//屏蔽定时器1通道3
- HAL_Delay(1);
- HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_5,GPIO_PIN_SET);//F407引脚 输出 高电平 使其向右运动
- }
- if(USART2_RX_BUF[0]== '5') // 当收到字符'5'的时候 机械臂向前运动
- {
- __HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim1,TIM_CHANNEL_3,100);//定时器1 通道3输出一段脉冲
- HAL_Delay(1);
- HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_6,GPIO_PIN_RESET);//F407引脚 输出 低电平 使其向前运动
- __HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim1,TIM_CHANNEL_1,0); //屏蔽定时器1通道1
- __HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim1,TIM_CHANNEL_2,0); //屏蔽定时器1通道2
- }
- if(USART2_RX_BUF[0]== '6') // 当收到字符'6'的时候 机械臂向后运动
- {
- __HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim1,TIM_CHANNEL_3,100);//定时器1 通道3 输出一段脉冲
- __HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim1,TIM_CHANNEL_2,0);//屏蔽定时器1通道2
- __HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim1,TIM_CHANNEL_1,0);//屏蔽定时器1通道1
- HAL_Delay(1);
- HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_6,GPIO_PIN_SET);//F407引脚 输出 高电平 使其向后运动
- }
- if(USART2_RX_BUF[0]== 'A') // 当收到字符'6'的时候 机械臂停止
- {
- __HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim1,TIM_CHANNEL_3,0);//定时器1 通道3 输出一段脉冲
- __HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim1,TIM_CHANNEL_2,0);//屏蔽定时器1通道2
- __HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim1,TIM_CHANNEL_1,0);//屏蔽定时器1通道1
- HAL_Delay(1);
- }
-
- USART2_RX_STA=0;
-
- }
- HAL_Delay(10);
- }
-
-
-
-
-
- void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
- {
- /* 判断是哪个串口触发的中断 */
- if(huart ->Instance == USART2)
- {
-
- S=Res;
- HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,&S,1,1000);
- //等待下一次接收中断
-
- HAL_UART_Receive_IT(huart,&Res,1);
- }
- }
-
- /* USER CODE END 3 */
-
-
- /**
- * @brief System Clock Configuration
- * @retval None
- */
- void SystemClock_Config(void)
- {
- RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
- RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
-
- /** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage
- */
- __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();
- __HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);
-
- /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
- * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
- */
- RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
- RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
- RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
- RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
- if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
- {
- Error_Handler();
- }
-
- /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
- */
- RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
- |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
- RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_HSI;
- RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
- RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
- RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
-
- if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK)
- {
- Error_Handler();
- }
- }
-
- /* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
-
- /* USER CODE END 4 */
-
- /**
- * @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
- * @retval None
- */
- void Error_Handler(void)
- {
- /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
- /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
- __disable_irq();
- while (1)
- {
- }
- /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
- }
-
- #ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
- /**
- * @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
- * where the assert_param error has occurred.
- * @param file: pointer to the source file name
- * @param line: assert_param error line source number
- * @retval None
- */
- void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
- {
- /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
- /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
- ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
- /* USER CODE END 6 */
- }
- #endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
这是main.c里面的文件,思路很简单,就是,用 串口2接收来自手机的信号 具体是'1' '2 ' '3' '4' '5' '6' '7' '8' 注意,这里传输的字符, 同时用串口1把这个数据发送给另一块单片机c8t6(为什么还要用一块单片机呢 ,因为抓取的爪子距离 zgt6 太远了,,所以干脆直接在那附近加一块单片机单独控制,)收到1.2 3 时根据不同情况输出一段pwm,控制器机械臂运动
这是cubemx 的引脚图,也是相当明朗,用到了,定时器1的三个通道.还有两个串口 ,IIC是用来显示坐标的 但视觉部分还未加载,所以 ,目前没有用的 ,,同时用三个角PE9 到PE13输出高低电平,因为机械臂的电机时步进电机,输出高低时会控制正反转,当然了,控制步进电机还需要 步进电机驱动器
- /* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
- /**
- ******************************************************************************
- * @file : main.c
- * @brief : Main program body
- ******************************************************************************
- * @attention
- *
- * Copyright (c) 2023 STMicroelectronics.
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
- * in the root directory of this software component.
- * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
- *
- ******************************************************************************
- */
- /* USER CODE END Header */
- /* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
- #include "main.h"
- #include "tim.h"
- #include "usart.h"
- #include "gpio.h"
-
- /* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
- /* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
-
- /* USER CODE END Includes */
-
- /* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
- /* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
-
- /* USER CODE END PTD */
-
- /* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
- /* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
- /* USER CODE END PD */
-
- /* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
- /* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
-
- /* USER CODE END PM */
-
- /* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
-
- /* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
-
- /* USER CODE END PV */
-
- /* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
- void SystemClock_Config(void);
- /* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
- #define USART_REC_LEN 200
- uint8_t Res; //数据存放的地方
- uint8_t USART1_RX_BUF[USART_REC_LEN]; //接收缓冲,最大USART_REC_LEN个字节.(一般给200,接收数据量大就增加)
- uint16_t USART1_RX_STA; //接收状态标记
- /* USER CODE END PFP */
- /* USER CODE END PFP */
-
- /* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
- /* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
-
- /* USER CODE END 0 */
-
- /**
- * @brief The application entry point.
- * @retval int
- */
- int main(void)
- {
- /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
-
- /* USER CODE END 1 */
-
- /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
-
- /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
- HAL_Init();
-
- /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
-
- /* USER CODE END Init */
-
- /* Configure the system clock */
- SystemClock_Config();
-
- /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
-
- /* USER CODE END SysInit */
-
- /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
- MX_GPIO_Init();
- MX_TIM3_Init();
- MX_USART1_UART_Init();
- HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim3,TIM_CHANNEL_1);
- HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, &Res, 1);
- /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
-
- /* USER CODE END 2 */
-
- /* Infinite loop */
- /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
- while (1)
- {
- /* USER CODE END WHILE */
- if(USART1_RX_STA & 0x8000)// 1000 0000 0000 0000 0000 判断是否接受到
- {
-
- while(huart1.gState != HAL_UART_STATE_READY){};
- if( USART1_RX_BUF[0]== '8') // 当收到字符'1'的时候 机械臂向上运动
- {__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim3,TIM_CHANNEL_1,500); //定时器1通道1输出一段脉冲
-
- HAL_Delay(1);
-
- }
-
- if( USART1_RX_BUF[0]== '9')
- {__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim3,TIM_CHANNEL_1,0);
-
- HAL_Delay(1);
-
- }
-
-
-
- // if(USART1_RX_BUF[0]== '7')
- // {
- // __HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim2,TIM_CHANNEL_1,0);
- // HAL_Delay(10);
- // }
- // if(USART1_RX_BUF[0]== '8')
- // { __HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim1,TIM_CHANNEL_1,0);
- // __HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim1,TIM_CHANNEL_2,0);
- // __HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim1,TIM_CHANNEL_3,0);
- //
- // }
- //
- // else
- // {
- // __HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim2,TIM_CHANNEL_1,25);
- // }
- USART1_RX_STA=0;
-
- }
- HAL_Delay(10);
- /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
- }
- /* USER CODE END 3 */
- }
-
- void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
- {
- /* 判断是哪个串口触发的中断 */
- if(huart ->Instance == USART1)
- {
-
-
- if((USART1_RX_STA&0x8000)==0)//接收未完成
- {
- //读取接收到的数据
- if(Res==0x0D)
- {
- USART1_RX_STA|=0x8000;//读取到数据 标志位置1
- HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, &Res, 1);//接收的数据存到Res
- }
- else
- {
- USART1_RX_BUF[USART1_RX_STA&0X3FFF]=Res;// Res的数据
- USART1_RX_STA++;
- if(USART1_RX_STA>(USART_REC_LEN-1))
- USART1_RX_STA=0;
- }
- }
- //等待下一次接收中断
- HAL_UART_Receive_IT(huart,&Res,1);
- }
- }
- /**
- * @brief System Clock Configuration
- * @retval None
- */
- void SystemClock_Config(void)
- {
- RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
- RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
-
- /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
- * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
- */
- RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
- RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
- RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
- RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
- RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
- RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
- RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
- if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
- {
- Error_Handler();
- }
-
- /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
- */
- RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
- |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
- RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
- RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
- RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
- RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
-
- if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
- {
- Error_Handler();
- }
- }
-
- /* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
-
- /* USER CODE END 4 */
-
- /**
- * @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
- * @retval None
- */
- void Error_Handler(void)
- {
- /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
- /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
- __disable_irq();
- while (1)
- {
- }
- /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
- }
-
- #ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
- /**
- * @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
- * where the assert_param error has occurred.
- * @param file: pointer to the source file name
- * @param line: assert_param error line source number
- * @retval None
- */
- void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
- {
- /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
- /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
- ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
- /* USER CODE END 6 */
- }
- #endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
这里是c8t6的代码,就是用来控制爪子的抓取的,收到8抓取,9松开抓子
c8t6的cubemx配置很简单,就是打开了串口和一个定时器,其它的引脚暂时没用,
最后 就是
这是手机蓝牙端,按up发送'1',dowm发送'2' 送开时发送A 当然也可以自己
最后是视频效果
蓝牙机械臂
总体代码链接:
链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/124qH9PBN6jMnlYq1KngEoA?pwd=7777
提取码:7777
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