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目录
2.1 I2C控制器设备--I2C控制器在内核中也被看做一个设备
2.3 platform_driver结构体中的probe函数做了什么
2.3.1 疑问: i2cdev_notifier_call函数哪里来的
2.3.4 疑问:platform_bus_type和I2c_bus_type的问题
2.3.5 疑问:为什么i2c_imx_probe函数里面最终还是调用了match和probe函数
4.3.1 疑问:at24_probe里面怎么又有match和probe
8费曼学习法:于是我录制了一个讲解I2C子系统驱动框架的学习视频。
上图是I2C系统的整体框架,介绍如下。
上图是I2C驱动的软件框架,介绍如下。
根据费曼学习法,把知识点讲出来能加深对知识点的理解,于是我录了一期I2C子系统的视频发到了B站上:
8分钟讲解Linux内核I2C驱动整体框架_哔哩哔哩_bilibili
以上是i2c驱动的整体介绍,下面分别介绍i2c控制器,i2c-core和i2c设备驱动的相关内容。
首先看一下i2c控制器设备,在./Linux-4.9.88/arch/arm/boot/dts/imx6ull.dtsi设备树文件中可以看到i2c节点,
i2c1: i2c@021a0000 {
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <0>;
compatible = "fsl,imx6ul-i2c", "fsl,imx21-i2c";
reg = <0x021a0000 0x4000>;
interrupts = <GIC_SPI 36 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>;
clocks = <&clks IMX6UL_CLK_I2C1>;
status = "disabled"; #实际使用的时候这个地方要改成"okay"。
};
of_platform_default_populate(NULL, NULL, parent);函数里面把I2C节点转换成platform_device,并添加设备,具体的函数调用关系如下:
of_platform_default_populate(NULL, NULL, parent);
of_platform_populate(root, of_default_bus_match_table, lookup,parent);
of_find_node_by_path("/")//查找设备树的根节点
of_platform_bus_create//这个函数会被循环调用
of_platform_device_create_pdata
of_device_alloc(np, bus_id, parent);
of_device_add(dev)
device_add(&ofdev->dev);
bus_add_device(dev);
klist_add_tail(&dev->p->knode_bus, &bus->p->klist_devices);添加到链表
blocking_notifier_call_chain(&dev->bus->p->bus_notifier,调用bus_notifier
i2cdev_notifier_call
i2cdev_attach_adapter
if (dev->type != &i2c_adapter_type)//直接返回device_create不调用
return 0;
device_create//增加i2c-%d节点bus_probe_device(dev);
device_initial_probe(dev);
__device_attach(dev, true);
bus_for_each_drv(dev->bus, NULL, &data, __device_attach_driver);
__device_attach_driver
driver_match_device(drv, dev);
drv->bus->match ? drv->bus->match(dev, drv) : 1;
driver_probe_device(drv, dev);
really_probe(dev, drv);
dev->bus->probe(dev);或drv->probe(dev)
最后调用platform_driver结构体里面的i2c_imx_probe函数,i2c_imx_probe函数后面会再分析,platform_device设备先看到这里。
- static struct platform_driver i2c_imx_driver = {
- .probe = i2c_imx_probe,
- .remove = i2c_imx_remove,
- .driver = {
- .name = DRIVER_NAME,
- .pm = I2C_IMX_PM_OPS,
- .of_match_table = i2c_imx_dt_ids,
- },
- .id_table = imx_i2c_devtype,
- };
通过前面 i2c1 节点的 compatible 属性值 可以在 Linux 源码里面找到对应的驱动文件。这里 i2c1节点的compatible 属性值有两个:“fsl,imx6ul-i2c”和“fsl,imx21-i2c”,在 Linux 源码中搜索这两个字符串即可找到对应的驱动文件。I.MX6U 的 I2C 适配器驱动驱动文件为 drivers/i2c/busses/i2c-imx.c,上面i2c控制器设备最终被转成了platform_device,那么i2c控制器驱动采用的也是platform_driver,挂载在platform_bus_type.
看一个驱动先从入口函数开始看,我们找到drivers/i2c/busses/i2c-imx.c文件中的i2c_adap_imx_init函数,首先调用platform_driver_register(&i2c_imx_driver)注册i2c_imx_driver结构体,具体的函数调用关系如下,然后当match函数发现驱动和设备匹配,就会调用驱动里面的额probe函数,也就是i2c_imx_probe函数。
platform_driver_register(&i2c_imx_driver);
__platform_driver_register(drv, THIS_MODULE)
drv->driver.owner = owner;
drv->driver.bus = &platform_bus_type;
drv->driver.probe = platform_drv_probe;
drv->driver.remove = platform_drv_remove;
drv->driver.shutdown = platform_drv_shutdown;
driver_register(&drv->driver);
bus_add_driver(drv);
klist_add_tail(&priv->knode_bus, &bus->p->klist_drivers);把驱动放到klist_driver
driver_attach(drv);
bus_for_each_dev(drv->bus, NULL, drv, __driver_attach);
__driver_attach
driver_match_device(drv, dev);
drv->bus->match ? drv->bus->match(dev, drv) : 1;
driver_probe_device(drv, dev);
ret = really_probe(dev, drv);
dev->bus->probe(dev);或drv->probe(dev)
当新增设备或者驱动的时候,都会调用总线的match函数,然后match函数根据compatible属性值或者name去匹配设备和驱动,
- * Platform device IDs are assumed to be encoded like this:
- * "<name><instance>", where <name> is a short description of the type of
- * device, like "pci" or "floppy", and <instance> is the enumerated
- * instance of the device, like '0' or '42'. Driver IDs are simply
- * "<name>". So, extract the <name> from the platform_device structure,
- * and compare it against the name of the driver. Return whether they match
- * or not.
- */
- static int platform_match(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)
- {
- struct platform_device *pdev = to_platform_device(dev);
- struct platform_driver *pdrv = to_platform_driver(drv);
-
- /* When driver_override is set, only bind to the matching driver */
- if (pdev->driver_override)
- return !strcmp(pdev->driver_override, drv->name);
-
- /* Attempt an OF style match first */
- if (of_driver_match_device(dev, drv))
- return 1;
-
- /* Then try ACPI style match */
- if (acpi_driver_match_device(dev, drv))
- return 1;
-
- /* Then try to match against the id table */
- if (pdrv->id_table)
- return platform_match_id(pdrv->id_table, pdev) != NULL;
-
- /* fall-back to driver name match */
- return (strcmp(pdev->name, drv->name) == 0);
- }
匹配上之后,就会调用驱动结构体里面的probe函数,接下来看一下struct platform_driver i2c_imx_driver结构体中的i2c_imx_probe函数做了什么。
- static struct platform_driver i2c_imx_driver = {
- .probe = i2c_imx_probe,
- .remove = i2c_imx_remove,
- .driver = {
- .name = DRIVER_NAME,
- .pm = I2C_IMX_PM_OPS,
- .of_match_table = i2c_imx_dt_ids,
- },
- .id_table = imx_i2c_devtype,
- };
具体的函数调用关系如下:
i2c_imx_probe
i2c_add_numbered_adapter
__i2c_add_numbered_adapter
i2c_register_adapter
device_register(&adap->dev);
device_add(dev);
bus_add_device(dev);
klist_add_tail(&dev->p->knode_bus, &bus->p->klist_devices);添加到链表
blocking_notifier_call_chain(&dev->bus->p->bus_notifier,调用bus_notifier
i2cdev_notifier_call
i2cdev_attach_adapter
device_create//增加i2c-%d节点
bus_probe_device(dev);
device_initial_probe(dev);
__device_attach(dev, true);
bus_for_each_drv(dev->bus, NULL, &data, __device_attach_driver);
__device_attach_driver
driver_match_device(drv, dev);
drv->bus->match ? drv->bus->match(dev, drv) : 1;//匹配不成功,直接返回,
driver_probe_device(drv, dev);上面匹配不成功,这里直接不调用
really_probe(dev, drv);
dev->bus->probe(dev);或drv->probe(dev),of_i2c_register_devices(adap);
of_i2c_register_device(adap, node);
i2c_new_device(adap, &info);用来增加client的
client->dev.parent = &client->adapter->dev;
client->dev.bus = &i2c_bus_type;//注意这里是i2c-bus,不是platform_bus
client->dev.type = &i2c_client_type;
client->dev.of_node = info->of_node;
client->dev.fwnode = info->fwnode;
status = device_register(&client->dev);注册新的 i2c_client 设备
device_add(dev);
bus_add_device(dev);
klist_add_tail(&dev->p->knode_bus, &bus->p->klist_devices);
bus_probe_device
device_initial_probe(dev);
__device_attach(dev, true);
bus_for_each_drv
__device_attach_driver
driver_match_device
drv->bus->match ? drv->bus->match(dev, drv) : 1;
driver_probe_device(drv, dev);
really_probe(dev, drv);
dev->bus->probe(dev);或drv->probe(dev)
bus_for_each_drv(&i2c_bus_type, NULL, adap, __process_new_adapter)
__process_new_adapter(struct device_driver *d, void *data)
i2c_do_add_adapter(struct i2c_driver *driver, struct i2c_adapter *adap)
i2c_detect(adap, driver);通过i2c_detect检测是否有适合的设备连接在总线上
if (!driver->detect || !address_list) return 0;如果没定义detect或address_list就直接返回了
i2c_detect_address(temp_client, driver);
err = driver->detect(temp_client, &info);根据对应client发送一个测试数据如果没有问题则证明这个client是这个驱动所需要的设备,最后将设备添加到链表,最后调用bus_probe_device,尝试绑定驱动。
client = i2c_new_device(adapter, &info);用来增加client的
device_register(&client->dev);
device_add(dev);
bus_add_device(dev);
klist_add_tail
bus_probe_device(dev);
bus_probe_device(dev);
device_initial_probe(dev);
__device_attach(dev, true);
bus_for_each_drv
__device_attach_driver
driver_match_device(drv, dev);
drv->bus->match ? drv->bus->match(dev, drv) : 1;
driver_probe_device(drv, dev);
really_probe(dev, drv);
dev->bus->probe(dev);或drv->probe(dev)
自己在看内核代码,得到了上面的函数调用流程,但同时有以下几个问题或疑问;
上面流程中为什么 blocking_notifier_call_chain(&dev->bus->p->bus_notifier,调用bus_notifier会调用i2cdev_notifier_call,原因在这里。
- static int i2cdev_notifier_call(struct notifier_block *nb, unsigned long action,
- void *data)
- {
- struct device *dev = data;
-
- switch (action) {
- case BUS_NOTIFY_ADD_DEVICE:
- return i2cdev_attach_adapter(dev, NULL);
- case BUS_NOTIFY_DEL_DEVICE:
- return i2cdev_detach_adapter(dev, NULL);
- }
-
- return 0;
- }
-
- static struct notifier_block i2cdev_notifier = {
- .notifier_call = i2cdev_notifier_call,
- };
-
- static int __init i2c_dev_init(void)
- {
- ...
- res = bus_register_notifier(&i2c_bus_type, &i2cdev_notifier);
- ...
- }
platform_driver 这个结构体里面有个probe函数了,
- static struct platform_driver i2c_imx_driver = {
- .probe = i2c_imx_probe,
- .remove = i2c_imx_remove,
- .driver = {
- .name = DRIVER_NAME,
- .pm = I2C_IMX_PM_OPS,
- .of_match_table = i2c_imx_dt_ids,
- },
- .id_table = imx_i2c_devtype,
- };
可是在注册这个驱动的时候,怎么里面还有个platform_drv_probe函数,
- */
- int __platform_driver_register(struct platform_driver *drv,
- struct module *owner)
- {
- drv->driver.owner = owner;
- drv->driver.bus = &platform_bus_type;
- drv->driver.probe = platform_drv_probe;
- drv->driver.remove = platform_drv_remove;
- drv->driver.shutdown = platform_drv_shutdown;
-
- return driver_register(&drv->driver);
- }
看了下代码发现,这是因为外层的platform_drv_probe里面其实最终就是调用了platform_driver里面的probe。
- static int platform_drv_probe(struct device *_dev)
- {
- struct platform_driver *drv = to_platform_driver(_dev->driver);
- struct platform_device *dev = to_platform_device(_dev);
- int ret;
-
- ret = of_clk_set_defaults(_dev->of_node, false);
- if (ret < 0)
- return ret;
-
- ret = dev_pm_domain_attach(_dev, true);
- if (ret != -EPROBE_DEFER) {
- if (drv->probe) {
- ret = drv->probe(dev); //在这个地方调用了platform_driver的probe函数
- if (ret)
- dev_pm_domain_detach(_dev, true);
- } else {
- /* don't fail if just dev_pm_domain_attach failed */
- ret = 0;
- }
- }
-
- if (drv->prevent_deferred_probe && ret == -EPROBE_DEFER) {
- dev_warn(_dev, "probe deferral not supported\n");
- ret = -ENXIO;
- }
-
- return ret;
- }
在看上面的函数调用流程的时候,发现of_i2c_register_devices(adap);和 bus_for_each_drv(&i2c_bus_type, NULL, adap, __process_new_adapter)函数里面都调用了i2c_new_device来添加i2c-client的,那功能岂不是重复了吗,仔细看了下代码发现应该是这样的,of_i2c_register_devices(adap);是从设备树节点中获取设备信息,然后注册i2c-client,而bus_for_each_drv(&i2c_bus_type, NULL, adap, __process_new_adapter)最终其实是调用的i2c_detect,然后根据驱动里面定义的detect函数和address_list去检测总线上的i2c-client,然后这相当于是添加client的不同的方法,具体解释可以看内核的这个文档:Linux内核中实例化i2c设备的几种方法----./Linux-4.9.88/Documentation/i2c/instantiating-devices文件翻译_陈 洪 伟的博客-CSDN博客
注意在函数i2c_adap_imx_init
- static int __init i2c_adap_imx_init(void)
- {
- return platform_driver_register(&i2c_imx_driver);
- }
然后进一步调用__platform_driver_register,这时候的总线是platform_bus_type
- int __platform_driver_register(struct platform_driver *drv,
- struct module *owner)
- {
- drv->driver.owner = owner;
- drv->driver.bus = &platform_bus_type;
- drv->driver.probe = platform_drv_probe;
- drv->driver.remove = platform_drv_remove;
- drv->driver.shutdown = platform_drv_shutdown;
-
- return driver_register(&drv->driver);
- }
但是在驱动中的probe中注册adapter(控制器)时调用i2c_add_numbered_adapter接口,这时候的总线是i2c_bus_type。
- static int i2c_register_adapter(struct i2c_adapter *adap)
- {
- ...
-
- dev_set_name(&adap->dev, "i2c-%d", adap->nr);
- //BUS指向I2C
- adap->dev.bus = &i2c_bus_type;
- adap->dev.type = &i2c_adapter_type;
- res = device_register(&adap->dev);
- ...
又仔细看了下代码理解了一下,其实是这样的,设备树节点中的I2C节点确实是转成platform_device然后挂载到platform_bus总线上的,然后当platform_bus_type的match函数发现设备和驱动匹配后,调用driver结构体中的probe函数,然后再probe函数中构建adapter并且添加,然后adapter是添加到i2c_bus_type的。
这个 i2c_imx_probe函数是当plarform_bus_type的match函数发现控制器驱动和控制器设备匹配之后调用i2c_imx_probe函数,然后在这里面增加adapter,可是在i2c_imx_probe函数内部一层层的最终怎么又有了drv->bus->match ? drv->bus->match(dev, drv) : 1;和 dev->bus->probe(dev);或drv->probe(dev)函数, probe里面怎么又调用了probe,那内部的probe是用来做什么的。
i2c_imx_probe
i2c_add_numbered_adapter
__i2c_add_numbered_adapter
i2c_register_adapter
device_register(&adap->dev);
device_add(dev);
bus_add_device(dev);
klist_add_tail(&dev->p->knode_bus, &bus->p->klist_devices);添加到链表
blocking_notifier_call_chain(&dev->bus->p->bus_notifier,调用bus_notifier
i2cdev_notifier_call
i2cdev_attach_adapter
device_create//增加i2c-%d节点
bus_probe_device(dev);
device_initial_probe(dev);
__device_attach(dev, true);
bus_for_each_drv(dev->bus, NULL, &data, __device_attach_driver);
__device_attach_driver
driver_match_device(drv, dev);
drv->bus->match ? drv->bus->match(dev, drv) : 1;
driver_probe_device(drv, dev);
really_probe(dev, drv);
dev->bus->probe(dev);或drv->probe(dev)
为什么里面又有probe,看不明白很难受,我又去看内核代码把i2c_imx_probe函数的调用流程捋了,我发现,应该是这样的,不过不确定我理解的是不是对的。前面的那些增加什么adapter都是没问题的,在注册adapter的时候,bus是i2c_bus_tyupe,
- static int i2c_register_adapter(struct i2c_adapter *adap)
- {
- ...
-
- adap->dev.bus = &i2c_bus_type;
- adap->dev.type = &i2c_adapter_type;
- res = device_register(&adap->dev);
-
- ...
-
- }
那么,到了 drv->bus->match,这里的时候,这个bus是i2c_bus_type,那么调用的也就是
- struct bus_type i2c_bus_type = {
- .name = "i2c",
- .match = i2c_device_match,
- .probe = i2c_device_probe,
- .remove = i2c_device_remove,
- .shutdown = i2c_device_shutdown,
- };
那么也就是
- static int i2c_device_match(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)
- {
- struct i2c_client *client = i2c_verify_client(dev);
- struct i2c_driver *driver;
-
- if (!client)
- return 0;
-
- /* Attempt an OF style match */
- if (of_driver_match_device(dev, drv))
- return 1;
-
- /* Then ACPI style match */
- if (acpi_driver_match_device(dev, drv))
- return 1;
-
- driver = to_i2c_driver(drv);
- /* match on an id table if there is one */
- if (driver->id_table)
- return i2c_match_id(driver->id_table, client) != NULL;
-
- return 0;
- }
那么由于这里添加的是adapter设备,那么if (!client)根本就不成立,所以,这里match是0,那么
- static int __device_attach_driver(struct device_driver *drv, void *_data)
- {
- struct device_attach_data *data = _data;
- struct device *dev = data->dev;
- bool async_allowed;
- int ret;
-
- /*
- * Check if device has already been claimed. This may
- * happen with driver loading, device discovery/registration,
- * and deferred probe processing happens all at once with
- * multiple threads.
- */
- if (dev->driver)
- return -EBUSY;
-
- ret = driver_match_device(drv, dev);
- if (ret == 0) {
- /* no match */
- return 0;
- } else if (ret == -EPROBE_DEFER) {
- dev_dbg(dev, "Device match requests probe deferral\n");
- driver_deferred_probe_add(dev);
- } else if (ret < 0) {
- dev_dbg(dev, "Bus failed to match device: %d", ret);
- return ret;
- } /* ret > 0 means positive match */
-
- async_allowed = driver_allows_async_probing(drv);
-
- if (async_allowed)
- data->have_async = true;
-
- if (data->check_async && async_allowed != data->want_async)
- return 0;
-
- return driver_probe_device(drv, dev);
- }
由于driver_match_device(drv, dev);函数直接返回的0,那么__device_attach_driver函数也就直接返回了,也就不会调用driver_probe_device(drv, dev);函数了。
I2C 设备和驱动的匹配过程是由 I2C 核心来完成的,drivers/i2c/i2c-core.c 就是 I2C 的核心
部分,I2C 核心提供了一些与具体硬件无关的 API 函数,比如前面讲过的:
1、i2c_adapter 注册/注销函数
int i2c_add_adapter(struct i2c_adapter *adapter)
int i2c_add_numbered_adapter(struct i2c_adapter *adap)
void i2c_del_adapter(struct i2c_adapter * adap)
2、i2c_driver 注册/注销函数
int i2c_register_driver(struct module *owner, struct i2c_driver *driver)
int i2c_add_driver (struct i2c_driver *driver)
void i2c_del_driver(struct i2c_driver *driver)
设备和驱动的匹配过程也是由 I2C 总线完成的,I2C 总线的数据结构为 i2c_bus_type,定义
在 drivers/i2c/i2c-core.c 文件。
另外i2c-core里面还有i2c_transfer函数,然后设备驱动里面直接用i2c_transfer 函数发送数据,而这个i2c_transfer 函数最终调用的是adapter里面的algorithm里面的master_xfer 函数,从这里也能看出来,i2c-core起到了一个承上启下的作用,连接设备驱动和控制器驱动。
i2c-client来自设备树文件,一般放在i2c节点里面的子节点,比如下面的ap3216设备。
&i2c1 {
ap3216c@1e {
compatible = "lite-on,ap3216c";
reg = <0x1e>;
};/*i2c里面的子节点,就是用来表示i2c设备的*/
};&i2c1 {
clock-frequency = <100000>;
pinctrl-names = "default";
pinctrl-0 = <&pinctrl_i2c1>;
status = "okay";
};/*这个是用来表示i2c控制器的,不是i2c设备的*/
i2c总线节点下的子节点不会被转成platform_device,他们是由I2C总线驱动程序来处理, 把I2C下的设备节点转成client其实是i2c控制器驱动程序里面的probe函数来做的,前面已经分析过probe函数内部的流程,其中中间部分的of_i2c_register_devices函数就是用来增加i2c-client的。
i2c_imx_probe
i2c_add_numbered_adapter
__i2c_add_numbered_adapter
i2c_register_adapter
device_register(&adap->dev);
device_add(dev);
bus_add_device(dev);
klist_add_tail(&dev->p->knode_bus, &bus->p->klist_devices);添加到链表
blocking_notifier_call_chain(&dev->bus->p->bus_notifier,调用bus_notifier
i2cdev_notifier_call
i2cdev_attach_adapter
device_create//增加i2c-%d节点
bus_probe_device(dev);
device_initial_probe(dev);
__device_attach(dev, true);
bus_for_each_drv(dev->bus, NULL, &data, __device_attach_driver);
__device_attach_driver
driver_match_device(drv, dev);
drv->bus->match ? drv->bus->match(dev, drv) : 1;
driver_probe_device(drv, dev);
really_probe(dev, drv);
dev->bus->probe(dev);或drv->probe(dev)
of_i2c_register_devices(adap);
of_i2c_register_device(adap, node);
i2c_new_device(adap, &info);用来增加client的
client->dev.parent = &client->adapter->dev;
client->dev.bus = &i2c_bus_type;//注意这里是i2c-bus,不是platform_bus
client->dev.type = &i2c_client_type;
client->dev.of_node = info->of_node;
client->dev.fwnode = info->fwnode;
status = device_register(&client->dev);注册新的 i2c_client 设备
device_add(dev);
bus_add_device(dev);
klist_add_tail(&dev->p->knode_bus, &bus->p->klist_devices);
bus_probe_device
device_initial_probe(dev);
__device_attach(dev, true);
bus_for_each_drv
__device_attach_driver
driver_match_device
drv->bus->match ? drv->bus->match(dev, drv) : 1;
driver_probe_device(drv, dev);
really_probe(dev, drv);
dev->bus->probe(dev);或drv->probe(dev)
bus_for_each_drv(&i2c_bus_type, NULL, adap, __process_new_adapter)
__process_new_adapter(struct device_driver *d, void *data)
i2c_do_add_adapter(struct i2c_driver *driver, struct i2c_adapter *adap)
i2c_detect(adap, driver);通过i2c_detect检测是否有适合的设备连接在总线上
if (!driver->detect || !address_list) return 0;如果没定义detect或address_list就直接返回了
i2c_detect_address(temp_client, driver);
err = driver->detect(temp_client, &info);根据对应client发送一个测试数据如果没有问题则证明这个client是这个驱动所需要的设备,最后将设备添加到链表,最后调用bus_probe_device,尝试绑定驱动。
client = i2c_new_device(adapter, &info);用来增加client的
device_register(&client->dev);
device_add(dev);
bus_add_device(dev);
klist_add_tail
bus_probe_device(dev);
bus_probe_device(dev);
device_initial_probe(dev);
__device_attach(dev, true);
bus_for_each_drv
__device_attach_driver
driver_match_device(drv, dev);
drv->bus->match ? drv->bus->match(dev, drv) : 1;
driver_probe_device(drv, dev);
really_probe(dev, drv);
dev->bus->probe(dev);或drv->probe(dev)
i2c_driver采用的是这个总线结构体
- struct bus_type i2c_bus_type = {
- .name = "i2c",
- .match = i2c_device_match,
- .probe = i2c_device_probe,
- .remove = i2c_device_remove,
- .shutdown = i2c_device_shutdown,
- };
先从入口函数module_init(at24_init);开始看,这里面调用了i2c_add_driver(&at24_driver);,然后里面调用了i2c_register_driver(THIS_MODULE, driver),然后里面调用了driver_register(&driver->driver);然后再往里调用了bus_add_driver(drv);,然后继续往里调用了driver_attach(drv);然后继续bus_for_each_dev(drv->bus, NULL, drv, __driver_attach);这个函数就是就是针对每个device都调用__driver_attach函数,那进去__driver_attach函数发现里面有两个重要的函数
driver_match_device(drv, dev);里面进一步调用了drv->bus->match(dev, drv),这便是i2c_bus_type里面的match函数了。
driver_probe_device(drv, dev);里面进一步调用了really_probe(dev, drv);,然后再往里进一步调用了dev->bus->probe(dev);,这便是i2c_bus_type里面的probe函数了。
i2c_add_driver(&at24_driver)
i2c_register_driver(THIS_MODULE, driver)
driver_register(&driver->driver)
bus_add_driver(drv)
klist_add_tail(&priv->knode_bus, &bus->p->klist_drivers)把驱动放到klist_driver
driver_attach(drv)
bus_for_each_dev(drv->bus, NULL, drv, __driver_attach);
__driver_attach(struct device *dev, void *data)
driver_match_device(drv, dev);
drv->bus->match ? drv->bus->match(dev, drv) : 1;
driver_probe_device(drv, dev);
really_probe(dev, drv);
dev->bus->probe(dev);或drv->probe(dev)
/* Walk the adapters that are already present */
i2c_for_each_dev(driver, __process_new_driver);//
__process_new_driver //下面的代码不会被调用,从这里就直接返回了。
i2c_do_add_adapter(struct i2c_driver *driver,struct i2c_adapter *adap)
i2c_detect(adap, driver);
if (!driver->detect || !address_list) return 0;如果没定义detect或address_list就直接返回了
i2c_detect_address(temp_client, driver);
err = driver->detect(temp_client, &info);
client = i2c_new_device(adapter, &info);
device_register(&client->dev);
device_add(dev);
bus_add_device(dev);
klist_add_tail
bus_probe_device(dev);
bus_probe_device(dev);
device_initial_probe(dev);
__device_attach(dev, true);
bus_for_each_drv
__device_attach_driver
driver_match_device(drv, dev);
drv->bus->match ? drv->bus->match(dev, drv) : 1;
driver_probe_device(drv, dev);
really_probe(dev, drv);
dev->bus->probe(dev);或drv->probe(dev)
我在看 i2c_add_driver(&at24_driver)函数的时候,发现里面调用driver_register函数其实就已经完成了驱动注册工作,下面还调用了一个i2c_for_each_dev(driver, __process_new_driver);做什么用,而且这个函数内部竟然是i2c_do_add_adapter的,又看了下代码,其实__process_new_driver函数没被调用,
- int i2c_register_driver(struct module *owner, struct i2c_driver *driver)
- {
- int res;
-
- /* Can't register until after driver model init */
- if (WARN_ON(!is_registered))
- return -EAGAIN;
-
- /* add the driver to the list of i2c drivers in the driver core */
- driver->driver.owner = owner;
- driver->driver.bus = &i2c_bus_type;
- INIT_LIST_HEAD(&driver->clients);
-
- /* When registration returns, the driver core
- * will have called probe() for all matching-but-unbound devices.
- */
- res = driver_register(&driver->driver);
- if (res)
- return res;
-
- pr_debug("driver [%s] registered\n", driver->driver.name);
-
- /* Walk the adapters that are already present */
- i2c_for_each_dev(driver, __process_new_driver);
-
- return 0;
- }
原因在这里,
- static int __process_new_driver(struct device *dev, void *data)
- {
- if (dev->type != &i2c_adapter_type)
- return 0;
- return i2c_do_add_adapter(data, to_i2c_adapter(dev));
- }
这里有个判断if (dev->type != &i2c_adapter_type),所以后面的函数根本没被调用,疑问解决。
当新增设备或驱动后,会调用i2c_bus_type中的match函数,match匹配之后就会调用驱动程序里面的probe函数,来看一下驱动程序里面的probe函数做了什么。
at24_probe
....
at24->nvmem_config.name = dev_name(&client->dev);
at24->nvmem_config.dev = &client->dev;
at24->nvmem_config.read_only = !writable;
at24->nvmem_config.root_only = true;
at24->nvmem_config.owner = THIS_MODULE;
at24->nvmem_config.compat = true;
at24->nvmem_config.base_dev = &client->dev;
at24->nvmem_config.reg_read = at24_read;//读函数
at24->nvmem_config.reg_write = at24_write;//写函数
at24->nvmem_config.priv = at24;
at24->nvmem_config.stride = 1;
at24->nvmem_config.word_size = 1;
at24->nvmem_config.size = chip.byte_len;
at24->nvmem = nvmem_register(&at24->nvmem_config);
....
nvmem->id = rval;
nvmem->owner = config->owner;
nvmem->stride = config->stride;
nvmem->word_size = config->word_size;
nvmem->size = config->size;
nvmem->dev.type = &nvmem_provider_type;
nvmem->dev.bus = &nvmem_bus_type;//注意这个地方。
nvmem->dev.parent = config->dev;
nvmem->priv = config->priv;
nvmem->reg_read = config->reg_read;
nvmem->reg_write = config->reg_write;
np = config->dev->of_node;
nvmem->dev.of_node = np;
rval = device_add(&nvmem->dev);//这个device_add函数在前面看多很多遍了,无非就是那一套。
bus_add_device(dev);
bus_probe_device(dev);
device_initial_probe(dev);
__device_attach(dev, true);
bus_for_each_drv(dev->bus, NULL, &data,__device_attach_driver);
__device_attach_driver
driver_match_device(drv, dev);
return drv->bus->match ? drv->bus->match(dev, drv) : 1;
driver_probe_device(drv, dev);
driver_probe_device(drv, dev);
really_probe(dev, drv);
dev->bus->probe(dev);或drv->probe(dev)
我的理解at24_probe 函数里面应该是类似实现一个file_operation结构体,然后里面有具体的读写函数这不就行了吗,可是从上面的流程看怎么at24_probe 函数里面又调用了match和probe函数,好吧继续看内核代码解决我的困惑。。。。。。。。
首先看一下
- static struct bus_type nvmem_bus_type = {
- .name = "nvmem",
- };
然后发现这里面没定义match函数,那么match函数就是空的,那么return drv->bus->match ? drv->bus->match(dev, drv) : 1;直接返回1,然后会调用driver_probe_device(drv, dev);函数,
- static int really_probe(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)
- {
- ...
-
- if (dev->bus->probe) {
- ret = dev->bus->probe(dev);
- if (ret)
- goto probe_failed;
- } else if (drv->probe) {
- ret = drv->probe(dev);
- if (ret)
- goto probe_failed;
- }
-
- ...
- }
这里调用dev->bus->probe空的,那么就去调用driver结构体的probe函数,那我在内核代码中找nvmem driver结构体,没找到,那么求助Bing AI
那么
- struct nvmem_device {
- const char *name;
- struct module *owner;
- struct device dev;
- int stride;
- int word_size;
- int ncells;
- int id;
- int users;
- size_t size;
- bool read_only;
- int flags;
- struct bin_attribute eeprom;
- struct device *base_dev;
- nvmem_reg_read_t reg_read;
- nvmem_reg_write_t reg_write;
- void *priv;
- };
这里面就没有probe函数,所以else if (drv->probe)也不成立。
到这里,I2C驱动框架其实就算是看完了,下面再简单介绍一下I2C驱动相关的其他东西。
i2c-tools 是一套好用的工具,也是一套示例代码。
为什么说i2c-tools是一套好用的工具,因为他里面实现了 i2cdetect检测函数, i2cget读函数, i2cset写函数,i2ctransfer传输函数,我们可以字节用这些命令去操作或调试I2C设备,比如
为什么说i2c-tools也是一套示例代码,比如如果用I2C总线进行传输,在./tools/i2ctransfer.c里面,我们可以看到他的代码实现,
那我们就可以模仿他的流程操作我们自己的I2C设备,上面的比如 set_slave_addr函数具体实现就是在./tools/i2cbusses.c里面,我们写代码需要包含./tools/i2cbusses.c文件。
如果用SMBus总线进行传输,i2cget.c、i2cset.c里面的示例代码是这样的
然后如果我们想用SMBus总线操作我们的i2c设备,我们就可以模仿他的代码,上面的比如i2c_smbus_access函数具体实现是在./lib/smbus.c文件里面,那我们写代码的时候需要包含./lib/smbus.c文件.
比如编写一个读写eeprom的测试程序
-
- #include <sys/ioctl.h>
- #include <errno.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <unistd.h>
- #include <linux/i2c.h>
- #include <linux/i2c-dev.h>
- #include <i2c/smbus.h>
- #include "i2cbusses.h"
- #include <time.h>
-
-
- /* ./at24c02 <i2c_bus_number> w "100ask.taobao.com"
- * ./at24c02 <i2c_bus_number> r
- */
-
- int main(int argc, char **argv)
- {
- unsigned char dev_addr = 0x50;
- unsigned char mem_addr = 0;
- unsigned char buf[32];
-
- int file;
- char filename[20];
- unsigned char *str;
-
- int ret;
-
- struct timespec req;
-
- if (argc != 3 && argc != 4)
- {
- printf("Usage:\n");
- printf("write eeprom: %s <i2c_bus_number> w string\n", argv[0]);
- printf("read eeprom: %s <i2c_bus_number> r\n", argv[0]);
- return -1;
- }
-
- file = open_i2c_dev(argv[1][0]-'0', filename, sizeof(filename), 0);
- if (file < 0)
- {
- printf("can't open %s\n", filename);
- return -1;
- }
-
- if (set_slave_addr(file, dev_addr, 1))
- {
- printf("can't set_slave_addr\n");
- return -1;
- }
-
- if (argv[2][0] == 'w')
- {
- // write str: argv[3]
- str = argv[3];
-
- req.tv_sec = 0;
- req.tv_nsec = 20000000; /* 20ms */
-
- while (*str)
- {
- // mem_addr, *str
- // mem_addr++, str++
- ret = i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(file, mem_addr, *str);
- if (ret)
- {
- printf("i2c_smbus_write_byte_data err\n");
- return -1;
- }
- // wait tWR(10ms)
- nanosleep(&req, NULL);
-
- mem_addr++;
- str++;
- }
- ret = i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(file, mem_addr, 0); // string end char
- if (ret)
- {
- printf("i2c_smbus_write_byte_data err\n");
- return -1;
- }
- }
- else
- {
- // read
- ret = i2c_smbus_read_i2c_block_data(file, mem_addr, sizeof(buf), buf);
- if (ret < 0)
- {
- printf("i2c_smbus_read_i2c_block_data err\n");
- return -1;
- }
-
- buf[31] = '\0';
- printf("get data: %s\n", buf);
- }
-
- return 0;
-
- }
-
i2c_dev.c其实就是通用驱动或者说万能驱动,它里面实现了一个
- static const struct file_operations i2cdev_fops = {
- .owner = THIS_MODULE,
- .llseek = no_llseek,
- .read = i2cdev_read,
- .write = i2cdev_write,
- .unlocked_ioctl = i2cdev_ioctl,
- .open = i2cdev_open,
- .release = i2cdev_release,
- };
如果我们使用i2c_dev.c这个万能驱动,那么我们不需要增加i2c_client以及i2c_driver,然后我们在应用层可以直接操作i2c控制器,然后去和挂载在I2C总线的从设备进行通信,就相当于把操作具体硬件的时序放到应用去实现了,要求应用开发人员既要了解具体的硬件操作时序,也要了解I2C总线协议。也就是红线画的走向
简单看一下./Linux-4.9.88_just_for_read/drivers/i2c/busses/i2c-gpio.c文件,还是从入口函数开始看
- static struct platform_driver i2c_gpio_driver = {
- .driver = {
- .name = "i2c-gpio",
- .of_match_table = of_match_ptr(i2c_gpio_dt_ids),
- },
- .probe = i2c_gpio_probe,
- .remove = i2c_gpio_remove,
- };
- static int __init i2c_gpio_init(void)
- {
- int ret;
-
- ret = platform_driver_register(&i2c_gpio_driver);
- if (ret)
- printk(KERN_ERR "i2c-gpio: probe failed: %d\n", ret);
-
- return ret;
- }
函数调用关系无非又是那一套
i2c_gpio_init
platform_driver_register
__platform_driver_register
drv->driver.owner = owner;
drv->driver.bus = &platform_bus_type;
drv->driver.probe = platform_drv_probe;
drv->driver.remove = platform_drv_remove;
drv->driver.shutdown = platform_drv_shutdown;
driver_register(&drv->driver);
bus_add_driver
driver_attach(drv);
__driver_attach
driver_match_device(drv, dev);
drv->bus->match ? drv->bus->match(dev, drv) : 1;
driver_probe_device(drv, dev);
really_probe(dev, drv);
dev->bus->probe或drv->probe(dev)
match之后就调用驱动结构体里面的i2c_gpio_probe函数,然后首先调用of_i2c_gpio_get_props函数从设备树里面获取gpio的信息和一些属性,就是频率,开漏的设置,然后获取sda引脚,scl引脚, 然后根据从设备树中获取的值设置adapter,然后利用i2c_bit_add_numbered_bus注册adapter,然后i2c_bit_add_numbered_bus里面是调用了__i2c_bit_add_bus,在这里面设置了algo算法,然后add_adapter。
i2c_gpio_probe
of_i2c_gpio_get_pins
devm_gpio_request(&pdev->dev, sda_pin, "sda");
devm_gpio_request(&pdev->dev, scl_pin, "scl");
i2c_bit_add_numbered_bus(adap);
__i2c_bit_add_bus(adap, i2c_add_numbered_adapter);
adap->algo = &i2c_bit_algo;
adap->retries = 3;
if (bit_adap->getscl == NULL)
adap->quirks = &i2c_bit_quirk_no_clk_stretch;
ret = add_adapter(adap);//add_adapter就是i2c_add_numbered_adapter
再往后的调用不看了,前面类似的分析了很多遍了
8分钟讲解Linux内核I2C驱动整体框架_哔哩哔哩_bilibili
&i2c1 {
ap3216c@1e {
compatible = "lite-on,ap3216c";
reg = <0x1e>;
};
};
在设备树文件中增加上面的内容,注意i2c控制器0在设备树文件中用i2c1表示。
-
- #include <linux/kernel.h>
- #include <linux/init.h>
- #include <linux/module.h>
- #include <linux/of_device.h>
- #include <linux/slab.h>
- #include <linux/delay.h>
- #include <linux/mutex.h>
- #include <linux/mod_devicetable.h>
- #include <linux/bitops.h>
- #include <linux/jiffies.h>
- #include <linux/property.h>
- #include <linux/acpi.h>
- #include <linux/i2c.h>
- #include <linux/nvmem-provider.h>
- #include <linux/regmap.h>
- #include <linux/pm_runtime.h>
- #include <linux/gpio/consumer.h>
- #include <linux/uaccess.h>
- #include <linux/fs.h>
-
- static int major = 0;
- static struct class *ap3216c_class;
- static struct i2c_client *ap3216c_client;
-
- static ssize_t ap3216c_read (struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *offset)
- {
- int err;
- char kernel_buf[6];
- int val;
-
- if (size != 6)
- return -EINVAL;
-
- val = i2c_smbus_read_word_data(ap3216c_client, 0xA); /* read IR */
- kernel_buf[0] = val & 0xff;
- kernel_buf[1] = (val>>8) & 0xff;
-
- val = i2c_smbus_read_word_data(ap3216c_client, 0xC); /* read 光强 */
- kernel_buf[2] = val & 0xff;
- kernel_buf[3] = (val>>8) & 0xff;
-
- val = i2c_smbus_read_word_data(ap3216c_client, 0xE); /* read 距离 */
- kernel_buf[4] = val & 0xff;
- kernel_buf[5] = (val>>8) & 0xff;
-
- err = copy_to_user(buf, kernel_buf, size);
- return size;
- }
-
-
- static int ap3216c_open (struct inode *node, struct file *file)
- {
- i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(ap3216c_client, 0, 0x4);
- /* delay for reset */
- mdelay(20);
- i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(ap3216c_client, 0, 0x3);
- mdelay(250);
- return 0;
- }
-
-
- static struct file_operations ap3216c_ops = {
- .owner = THIS_MODULE,
- .open = ap3216c_open,
- .read = ap3216c_read,
- };
-
- static const struct of_device_id of_match_ids_ap3216c[] = {
- { .compatible = "lite-on,ap3216c", .data = NULL },
- { /* END OF LIST */ },
- };
-
- static const struct i2c_device_id ap3216c_ids[] = {
- { "ap3216c", (kernel_ulong_t)NULL },
- { /* END OF LIST */ }
- };
-
- static int ap3216c_probe(struct i2c_client *client, const struct i2c_device_id *id)
- {
- printk("%s %s %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
- ap3216c_client = client;
-
- /* register_chrdev */
- major = register_chrdev(0, "ap3216c", &ap3216c_ops);
-
- ap3216c_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "ap3216c_class");
- device_create(ap3216c_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "ap3216c"); /* /dev/ap3216c */
-
- return 0;
- }
-
- static int ap3216c_remove(struct i2c_client *client)
- {
- printk("%s %s %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
- device_destroy(ap3216c_class, MKDEV(major, 0));
- class_destroy(ap3216c_class);
-
- /* unregister_chrdev */
- unregister_chrdev(major, "ap3216c");
-
- return 0;
- }
-
- static struct i2c_driver i2c_ap3216c_driver = {
- .driver = {
- .name = "ap3216c",
- .of_match_table = of_match_ids_ap3216c,
- },
- .probe = ap3216c_probe,
- .remove = ap3216c_remove,
- .id_table = ap3216c_ids,
- };
-
-
- static int __init i2c_driver_ap3216c_init(void)
- {
- printk("%s %s %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
- return i2c_add_driver(&i2c_ap3216c_driver);
- }
- module_init(i2c_driver_ap3216c_init);
-
- static void __exit i2c_driver_ap3216c_exit(void)
- {
- i2c_del_driver(&i2c_ap3216c_driver);
- }
- module_exit(i2c_driver_ap3216c_exit);
-
- MODULE_AUTHOR("www.100ask.net");
- MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
-
-
-
-
- #include <sys/types.h>
- #include <sys/stat.h>
- #include <fcntl.h>
- #include <unistd.h>
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <string.h>
-
- /*
- */
- int main(int argc, char **argv)
- {
- int fd;
- char buf[6];
- int len;
-
-
- /* 2. 打开文件 */
- fd = open("/dev/ap3216c", O_RDWR);
- if (fd == -1)
- {
- printf("can not open file /dev/hello\n");
- return -1;
- }
-
- len = read(fd, buf, 6);
- printf("APP read : ");
- for (len = 0; len < 6; len++)
- printf("%02x ", buf[len]);
- printf("\n");
-
- close(fd);
-
- return 0;
- }
-
-
-
- # 1. 使用不同的开发板内核时, 一定要修改KERN_DIR
- # 2. KERN_DIR中的内核要事先配置、编译, 为了能编译内核, 要先设置下列环境变量:
- # 2.1 ARCH, 比如: export ARCH=arm64
- # 2.2 CROSS_COMPILE, 比如: export CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu-
- # 2.3 PATH, 比如: export PATH=$PATH:/home/book/100ask_roc-rk3399-pc/ToolChain-6.3.1/gcc-linaro-6.3.1-2017.05-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu/bin
- # 注意: 不同的开发板不同的编译器上述3个环境变量不一定相同,
- # 请参考各开发板的高级用户使用手册
-
- KERN_DIR = /data/chw/imx6ull_20230512/bsp/100ask_imx6ull-sdk/Linux-4.9.88/
-
- all:
- make -C $(KERN_DIR) M=`pwd` modules
- $(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc -o ap3216c_drv_test ap3216c_drv_test.c
-
- clean:
- make -C $(KERN_DIR) M=`pwd` modules clean
- rm -rf modules.order
- rm -rf ap3216c_drv_test
-
- obj-m += ap3216c_drv.o
- obj-m += ap3216c_client.o
2015 export ARCH=arm
2016 export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabihf-
2017 make dtbs
2018 cp arch/arm/boot/dts/100ask_imx6ull-14x14.dtb /data/chw/imx6ull_20230512/nfs_rootfs/
2019 history
root@turing-DGX-1-with-V100-32:/data/chw/imx6ull_20230512/bsp/100ask_imx6ull-sdk/Linux-4.9.88#
2020 make clean
2021 make all
2022 ll
2023 cp ap3216c_drv.ko ap3216c_drv_test /data/chw/imx6ull_20230512/nfs_rootfs/
2024 history
正点原子驱动开发手册
韦东山老师驱动开发大全学习视频
Linux4.9.88内核源码
7. 平台设备驱动 — [野火]嵌入式Linux驱动开发实战指南——基于i.MX6ULL系列 文档
I2C驱动实现的两种思路(i2c-dev.c和i2c-core.c)_正在起飞的蜗牛的博客-CSDN博客
https://www.cnblogs.com/happybirthdaytoyou/p/13594060.html
【I2C】通用驱动i2c-dev分析_i2c_dev_init_ZHONGCAI0901的博客-CSDN博客
linux内核I2C子系统详解——看这一篇就够了_正在起飞的蜗牛的博客-CSDN博客
https://www.cnblogs.com/burnk/p/17454052.html
十分钟带你搞懂 Linux I2C 软件架构_哔哩哔哩_bilibili
I2C——i2c_driver的注册及probe探测函数调用过程_i2c probe_lxllinux的博客-CSDN博客
内核对设备树的处理__device_node转换为platform_device_initcall_from_entry_陈 洪 伟的博客-CSDN博客 https://www.cnblogs.com/schips/p/linux_driver_device_node_to_platform_device.html
Linux设备模型之device_add_庐州拎壶冲的博客-CSDN博客
https://www.cnblogs.com/yangjiguang/p/6220600.html
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