Python制作炫酷的烟花秀

前言

用 Python 和 Tkinter 设计模拟出绽放的烟花， 代码可以去我的GitHub网站下载。

程序

'''
FIREWORKS SIMULATION WITH TKINTER
*self-containing code
*to run: simply type python simple.py in your console
*compatible with both Python 2 and Python 3
*Dependencies: tkinter, Pillow (only for background image)
*The design is based on high school physics, with some small twists only for aesthetics purpose
'''
import tkinter as tk
# from tkinter import messagebox
# from tkinter import PhotoImage
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
from time import time, sleep
from random import choice, uniform, randint
from math import sin, cos, radians

# gravity, act as our constant g, you can experiment by changing it
GRAVITY = 0.05
# list of color, can choose randomly or use as a queue (FIFO)
colors = ['red', 'blue', 'yellow', 'white', 'green', 'orange', 'purple', 'seagreen', 'indigo', 'cornflowerblue']

'''
Generic class for particles
particles are emitted almost randomly on the sky, forming a round of circle (a star) before falling and getting removed
from canvas
Attributes:
    - id: identifier of a particular particle in a star
    - x, y: x,y-coordinate of a star (point of explosion)
    - vx, vy: speed of particle in x, y coordinate
    - total: total number of particle in a star
    - age: how long has the particle last on canvas
    - color: self-explantory
    - cv: canvas
    - lifespan: how long a particle will last on canvas
'''


class part:
    def __init__(self, cv, idx, total, explosion_speed, x=0., y=0., vx=0., vy=0., size=2., color='red', lifespan=2,
                 **kwargs):
        self.id = idx
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.initial_speed = explosion_speed
        self.vx = vx
        self.vy = vy
        self.total = total
        self.age = 0
        self.color = color
        self.cv = cv
        self.cid = self.cv.create_oval(
            x - size, y - size, x + size,
            y + size, fill=self.color)
        self.lifespan = lifespan

    def update(self, dt):
        self.age += dt

        # particle expansions
        if self.alive() and self.expand():
            move_x = cos(radians(self.id * 360 / self.total)) * self.initial_speed
            move_y = sin(radians(self.id * 360 / self.total)) * self.initial_speed
            self.cv.move(self.cid, move_x, move_y)
            self.vx = move_x / (float(dt) * 1000)

        # falling down in projectile motion
        elif self.alive():
            move_x = cos(radians(self.id * 360 / self.total))
            # we technically don't need to update x, y because move will do the job
            self.cv.move(self.cid, self.vx + move_x, self.vy + GRAVITY * dt)
            self.vy += GRAVITY * dt

        # remove article if it is over the lifespan
        elif self.cid is not None:
            cv.delete(self.cid)
            self.cid = None

    # define time frame for expansion
    def expand(self):
        return self.age <= 1.2

    # check if particle is still alive in lifespan
    def alive(self):
        return self.age <= self.lifespan


'''
Firework simulation loop:
Recursively call to repeatedly emit new fireworks on canvas
a list of list (list of stars, each of which is a list of particles)
is created and drawn on canvas at every call, 
via update protocol inside each 'part' object 
'''


def simulate(cv):
    t = time()
    explode_points = []
    wait_time = randint(10, 100)
    numb_explode = randint(6, 10)
    # create list of list of all particles in all simultaneous explosion
    for point in range(numb_explode):
        objects = []
        x_cordi = randint(50, 550)
        y_cordi = randint(50, 150)
        speed = uniform(0.5, 1.5)
        size = uniform(0.5, 3)
        color = choice(colors)
        explosion_speed = uniform(0.2, 1)
        total_particles = randint(10, 50)
        for i in range(1, total_particles):
            r = part(cv, idx=i, total=total_particles, explosion_speed=explosion_speed, x=x_cordi, y=y_cordi,
                     vx=speed, vy=speed, color=color, size=size, lifespan=uniform(0.6, 1.75))
            objects.append(r)
        explode_points.append(objects)

    total_time = .0
    # keeps undate within a timeframe of 1.8 second
    while total_time < 1.8:
        sleep(0.01)
        tnew = time()
        t, dt = tnew, tnew - t
        for point in explode_points:
            for item in point:
                item.update(dt)
        cv.update()
        total_time += dt
    # recursive call to continue adding new explosion on canvas
    root.after(wait_time, simulate, cv)


def close(*ignore):
    """Stops simulation loop and closes the window."""
    global root
    root.quit()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = tk.Tk()
    cv = tk.Canvas(root, height = 600, width = 600)
    # use a nice background image
    image = Image.open("image.jpg")
    photo = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image)
    cv.create_image(0, 0, image=photo, anchor='nw')

    cv.pack()
    root.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", close)

    root.after(100, simulate, cv)

    root.mainloop()



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结果

注：此处仅截取了动态画面中的一张图片。