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LINUX环境下YUM的各种配置总结_# yum clean all loaded plugins: fastestmirror, lan

作者：我家小花儿 | 2024-03-01 20:50:23

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# yum clean all loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks cleaning repos: ext

4、yum clean all清除YUM缓存

5、yum makecache 创建YUM缓存

测试环境：VMware workstations 15 Pro+CENTOS 7.9

一、配置本地YUM源

1、创建目录/yum

2、挂载光盘到/yum目录

3、配置yum源文件

首先禁用目录内其他YUM源

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# ls

CentOS-Base.repo.b CentOS-Debuginfo.repo.b CentOS-Sources.repo.b

CentOS-Base.repo.backup CentOS-fasttrack.repo.b CentOS-Vault.repo.b

CentOS-CR.repo.b CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-x86_64-kernel.repo.b

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# vi CentOS-Media.repo

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# cat CentOS-Media.repo

# This repo can be used with mounted DVD media, verify the mount point for

# CentOS-7. You can use this repo and yum to install items directly off the

# DVD ISO that we release.

# To use this repo, put in your DVD and use it with the other repos too:

# yum --enablerepo=c7-media [command]

# or for ONLY the media repo, do this:

# yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=c7-media [command]

[c7-media]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Media

baseurl=file:///yum/ #这里的目录是光盘挂载的目录

【注意：如果是其他版本LINUX，需要注意这个目录内有repodata目录】

gpgcheck=1

enabled=1 #启用此YUM源文件

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]#

4、yum clean all清除YUM缓存

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum clean all

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks

Cleaning repos: c7-media

Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors

5、yum makecache 创建YUM缓存

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum makecache

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks

Determining fastest mirrors

c7-media | 3.6 kB 00:00

(1/4): c7-media/group_gz | 153 kB 00:00

(2/4): c7-media/primary_db | 3.3 MB 00:00

(3/4): c7-media/filelists_db | 3.3 MB 00:00

(4/4): c7-media/other_db | 1.3 MB 00:00

Metadata Cache Created

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]#

二、配置远程yum源

1、使本地YUM源失效

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# mv CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Media.repo.b

2、创建YUM源文件

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# vi cenos7.repo

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# cat cenos7.repo

[base]

name=centos7-www

baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/7/os/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

enabled=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]#

3、刷新YUM缓存

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum makecache

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00

(1/4): base/x86_64/group_gz | 153 kB 00:00:00

(2/4): base/x86_64/filelists_db | 7.2 MB 00:00:01

(3/4): base/x86_64/other_db | 2.6 MB 00:00:00

(4/4): base/x86_64/primary_db | 6.1 MB 00:00:01

Metadata Cache Created

4、测试安装软件

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum install vsftpd

vsftpd-sysvinit.x86_64 vsftpd.x86_64

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum install vsftpd.x86_64

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-28.el7 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===========================================================================================================

Package Arch Version Repository Size

===========================================================================================================

Installing:

vsftpd x86_64 3.0.2-28.el7 base 172 k

Transaction Summary

===========================================================================================================

Install 1 Package

Total download size: 172 k

Installed size: 353 k

Is this ok [y/d/N]: y

Downloading packages:

vsftpd-3.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm | 172 kB 00:00:00

Running transaction check

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded

Running transaction

Installing : vsftpd-3.0.2-28.el7.x86_64 1/1

Verifying : vsftpd-3.0.2-28.el7.x86_64 1/1

Installed:

vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-28.el7

Complete!

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum install vsftpd-sysvinit.x86_64

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package vsftpd-sysvinit.x86_64 0:3.0.2-28.el7 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===========================================================================================================

Package Arch Version Repository Size

===========================================================================================================

Installing:

vsftpd-sysvinit x86_64 3.0.2-28.el7 base 24 k

Transaction Summary

===========================================================================================================

Install 1 Package

Total download size: 24 k

Installed size: 2.8 k

Is this ok [y/d/N]: y

Downloading packages:

vsftpd-sysvinit-3.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm | 24 kB 00:00:00

Running transaction check

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded

Running transaction

Installing : vsftpd-sysvinit-3.0.2-28.el7.x86_64 1/1

Verifying : vsftpd-sysvinit-3.0.2-28.el7.x86_64 1/1

Installed:

vsftpd-sysvinit.x86_64 0:3.0.2-28.el7

Complete!

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]#

三、其他命令和参数

安装yum install httpd

升级yum update httpd

检查需要升级的软件包yum check-update

YUM源可安装的软件包yum list

已经安装的软件包yum list installed

显示某个软件包的信息yum info httpd

移除软件包yum remove httpd

清除缓存yum clean all

-h 帮助参数

-y 确认参数

-q 默认安装参数

四、自建网络YUM源

1、安装httpd

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum install httpd -y

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-95.el7.centos will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-95.el7.centos for package: httpd-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: /etc/mime.types for package: httpd-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64

--> Running transaction check

---> Package apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-7.el7 will be installed

---> Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 will be installed

---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-95.el7.centos will be installed

---> Package mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===========================================================================================================

Package Arch Version Repository Size

===========================================================================================================

Installing:

httpd x86_64 2.4.6-95.el7.centos base 2.7 M

Installing for dependencies:

apr x86_64 1.4.8-7.el7 base 104 k

apr-util x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 base 92 k

httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-95.el7.centos base 93 k

mailcap noarch 2.1.41-2.el7 base 31 k

Transaction Summary

===========================================================================================================

Install 1 Package (+4 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 3.0 M

Installed size: 10 M

Downloading packages:

(1/5): apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64.rpm | 104 kB 00:00:00

(2/5): apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm | 92 kB 00:00:00

(3/5): httpd-tools-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 93 kB 00:00:00

(4/5): mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 31 kB 00:00:00

(5/5): httpd-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 2.7 MB 00:00:00

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 3.6 MB/s | 3.0 MB 00:00:00

Running transaction check

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded

Running transaction

Installing : apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64 1/5

Installing : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 2/5

Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64 3/5

Installing : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 4/5

Installing : httpd-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64 5/5

Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64 1/5

Verifying : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 2/5

Verifying : apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64 3/5

Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64 4/5

Verifying : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 5/5

Installed:

httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-95.el7.centos

Dependency Installed:

apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-7.el7 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-95.el7.centos

mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7

Complete!

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# systemctl start httpd 启动httpd服务

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# systemctl enable httpd 设置开机启动httpd服务

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]#

客户端测试httpd服务，正常。

2、创建目录并挂载资源

mkdir /var/www/html/cent7

mount /dev/sr0 /var/www/html/cent7

[root@centos7 cent7]# pwd

/var/www/html/cent7

[root@centos7 cent7]# ls

CentOS_BuildTag GPL LiveOS RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

EFI images Packages RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7

EULA isolinux repodata TRANS.TBL

[root@centos7 cent7]#

3、创建YUM源文件

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# vi centos7-http.repo

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# cat centos7-http.repo

[centos7-http]

name=centos7-http

baseurl=http://192.168.31.111/cent7/

gpgcheck=1

enabled=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]#

4、使原有YUM源失效

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# mv cenos7.repo cenos7.repo.b

5、清除YUM缓存

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum clean all

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks

Cleaning repos: centos7-http

Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors

Other repos take up 164 M of disk space (use --verbose for details)

6、创建YUM缓存

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum makecache

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks

Determining fastest mirrors

centos7-http | 3.6 kB 00:00

(1/4): centos7-http/group_gz | 153 kB 00:00

(2/4): centos7-http/filelists_db | 3.3 MB 00:00

(3/4): centos7-http/primary_db | 3.3 MB 00:00

(4/4): centos7-http/other_db | 1.3 MB 00:00

Metadata Cache Created

YUM源使用测试

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum remove vsftpd.x86_64 -y 删除软件包

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum install vsftpd.x86_64 -y 安装软件包

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-28.el7 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================

Package Arch Version Repository Size

================================================================================

Installing:

vsftpd x86_64 3.0.2-28.el7 centos7-http 172 k

Transaction Summary

================================================================================

Install 1 Package

Total download size: 172 k

Installed size: 353 k

Is this ok [y/d/N]: y

Downloading packages:

vsftpd-3.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm | 172 kB 00:00

Running transaction check

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded

Running transaction

Installing : vsftpd-3.0.2-28.el7.x86_64 1/1

Verifying : vsftpd-3.0.2-28.el7.x86_64 1/1

Installed:

vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-28.el7

Complete!

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]#

五、创建自己的YUM源

当安装一些固定的软件包变成常态，我们可以把这些软件包进行收集，然后创建自己的YUM源信息和文件，可以方便统一安装部署。

1、安装创建YUM源的软件包

createrepo

deltarpm （RHEL8之后版本没有这个软件）

python-deltarpm （RHEL8之后版本没有这个软件）

2、收集软件包

比喻说，把安装zabbix所需的软件包放入/test目录下

3、创建自己的YUM源文件

#createrepo /test

4、查看

[root@orl8301 repodata]# pwd

/test/repodata

[root@orl8301 repodata]# ls

0ba2158a9753a65236a78bb3700fe4d0f92083c389b8940c2a32817466ea2609-filelists.sqlite.bz2

27965b828603d3bf0bb98e816879ff9645877ac54235633708aa2e602843f9bb-primary.xml.gz

506f22a60d7d164459354719a1057f41c8e5469556b2d31c597a38e53f375d85-other.xml.gz

96bca63e88ab286c735a172566c679655628aa78310884a97ba56bc831ad5a0d-primary.sqlite.bz2

cdd96dc02085e2f75b2b7564145b71fc057b3819bc0388c5fc843e9ab6af15cf-other.sqlite.bz2

db0fda0dc24f0d05aa780179b09dc78a021c8d8f3924f73b54aaa1fc619ed897-filelists.xml.gz

repomd.xml

[root@orl8301 repodata]#

5、更改YUM配置文件

6、测试安装软件包。

六、以上测试都没问题

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