赞
踩
迭代器模式,提供一种遍历集合元素的统一接口,用一致的方法遍历集合元素,不需要知道集合对象的底层表示,即:不暴露其内部的结构。
提供一种可以遍历聚合对象的方式。又称为:游标cursor模式
如果我们的集合元素是用不同的方式实现的,有数组,还有 java 的集合类,或者还有其他方式,当客户端要遍历这些集合元素的时候就要使用多种遍历方式,而且还会暴露元素的内部结构,可以考虑使用迭代器模式解决。
编写程序展示一个学校院系结构:需求是这样,要在一个页面中展示出学校的院系组成,一个学校有多个学院, 一个学院有多个系。如图:
编写程序展示一个学校院系结构:需求是这样,要在一个页面中展示出学校的院系组成,一个学校有多个学院, 一个学院有多个系。
计算机学院迭代器类
public class ComputerCollegeIterator implements Iterator { //这里我们需要Department 是以怎样的方式存放=>数组 Department[] departments; int position = 0; //遍历的位置 public ComputerCollegeIterator(Department[] departments) { this.departments = departments; } //判断是否还有下一个元素 @Override public boolean hasNext() { if(position >= departments.length || departments[position] == null) { return false; }else { return true; } } @Override public Object next() { Department department = departments[position]; position += 1; return department; } //删除的方法,默认空实现 @Override public void remove() { } }
信息工程学院迭代器类
public class InfoColleageIterator implements Iterator { // 信息工程学院是以List方式存放系 List<Department> departmentList; int index = -1;//索引 public InfoColleageIterator(List<Department> departmentList) { this.departmentList = departmentList; } //判断list中还有没有下一个元素 @Override public boolean hasNext() { if(index >= departmentList.size() - 1) { return false; } else { index += 1; return true; } } @Override public Object next() { return departmentList.get(index); } //空实现remove @Override public void remove() { } }
学院
public interface College {
public String getName();
//增加系的方法
public void addDepartment(String name, String desc);
//返回一个迭代器,遍历
public Iterator createIterator();
}
public class ComputerCollege implements College { Department[] departments; int numOfDepartment = 0 ;// 保存当前数组的对象个数 public ComputerCollege() { departments = new Department[5]; addDepartment("Java专业", " Java专业 "); addDepartment("PHP专业", " PHP专业 "); addDepartment("大数据专业", " 大数据专业 "); } @Override public String getName() { return "计算机学院"; } @Override public void addDepartment(String name, String desc) { Department department = new Department(name, desc); departments[numOfDepartment] = department; numOfDepartment += 1; } @Override public Iterator createIterator() { return new ComputerCollegeIterator(departments); } }
public class InfoCollege implements College { List<Department> departmentList; public InfoCollege() { departmentList = new ArrayList<Department>(); addDepartment("信息安全专业", " 信息安全专业 "); addDepartment("网络安全专业", " 网络安全专业 "); addDepartment("服务器安全专业", " 服务器安全专业 "); } @Override public String getName() { return "信息工程学院"; } @Override public void addDepartment(String name, String desc) { Department department = new Department(name, desc); departmentList.add(department); } @Override public Iterator createIterator() { return new InfoColleageIterator(departmentList); } }
被迭代的对象-专业
public class Department { private String name; private String desc; public Department(String name, String desc) { super(); this.name = name; this.desc = desc; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getDesc() { return desc; } public void setDesc(String desc) { this.desc = desc; } }
迭代输出
public class OutPutImpl { //学院集合 List<College> collegeList; public OutPutImpl(List<College> collegeList) { this.collegeList = collegeList; } //遍历所有学院,然后调用printDepartment 输出各个学院的系 public void printCollege() { //从collegeList 取出所有学院, Java 中的 List 已经实现Iterator Iterator<College> iterator = collegeList.iterator(); while(iterator.hasNext()) { //取出一个学院 College college = iterator.next(); System.out.println("=== "+college.getName() +"=====" ); printDepartment(college.createIterator()); //得到对应迭代器 } } //输出 学院输出 系 public void printDepartment(Iterator iterator) { while(iterator.hasNext()) { Department d = (Department)iterator.next(); System.out.println(d.getName()); } } }
public class Client { public static void main(String[] args) { //创建学院 List<College> collegeList = new ArrayList<College>(); ComputerCollege computerCollege = new ComputerCollege(); InfoCollege infoCollege = new InfoCollege(); collegeList.add(computerCollege); //collegeList.add(infoCollege); OutPutImpl outPutImpl = new OutPutImpl(collegeList); outPutImpl.printCollege(); } }
结果
=== 计算机学院=====
Java专业
PHP专业
大数据专业
Copyright © 2003-2013 www.wpsshop.cn 版权所有,并保留所有权利。