reinstall virtualbox-dkms 虚拟机崩溃_failed to link /usr/bin/gcc -> /etc/alternatives/g

1.简述:
一般情况下，编译程序都是使用的是:/usr/bin/gcc

其实这个/usr/bin/gcc只是个符号链接，它指向了/etc/alternatives/gcc，而/etc/alternatives/gcc是指向了/usr/bin/gcc-4.4， 我们可以使用ls命令查看：
zyx@zyx:/$ ls /usr/bin/gcc -l
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 2011-08-22 07:21 /usr/bin/gcc -> /etc/alternatives/gcc
zyx@zyx:/$ ls /etc/alternatives/gcc -l
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 2011-08-22 07:21 /etc/alternatives/gcc -> /usr/bin/gcc-3.4
zyx@zyx:/$

2.下面我们查看一下GCC的版本:
zyx@zyx:/$ gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
Target: i686-linux-gnu
Configured with: …/src/configure -v --with-pkgversion=‘Ubuntu/Linaro 4.4.4-14ubuntu5’ --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.4/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --program-suffix=-4.4 --enable-shared --enable-multiarch --enable-linker-build-id --with-system-zlib --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.4 --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-objc-gc --enable-targets=all --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i686 --with-tune=generic --enable-checking=release --build=i686-linux-gnu --host=i686-linux-gnu --target=i686-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.4.5 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.4.4-14ubuntu5)
zyx@zyx:/$

3.看一下当前安装的GCC的各个版本:
zyx@zyx:/$ ls /usr/bin/gcc* -l
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 2011-08-22 14:43 /usr/bin/gcc -> /etc/alternatives/gcc
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 85552 2008-05-08 18:04 /usr/bin/gcc-3.4
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 224488 2010-09-28 02:43 /usr/bin/gcc-4.4
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 2011-07-05 07:38 /usr/bin/gcc.bak -> gcc-4.4
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 16090 2008-05-08 17:58 /usr/bin/gccbug-3.4

配置gcc 版本
$ sudo update-alternatives --install gcc /usr/bin/gcc /usr/bin/gcc-5 90
$ sudo update-alternatives --install g++ /usr/bin/gcc /usr/bin/g+±5 90
$ sudo update-alternatives --install gcc /usr/bin/gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.8 100
$ sudo update-alternatives --install g++ /usr/bin/gcc /usr/bin/g+±4.8 100

手动选择gcc/g++版本为5.0：
1

$ sudo update-alternatives --config gcc
$ sudo update-alternatives --config g++

再次执行:

$ sudo apt install --reinstall virtualbox-dkms
$ sudo modprobe vboxdrv