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ROS学习笔记四:理解ROS节点_rtt _ros_ integration 编译要几个小时

rtt _ros_ integration 编译要几个小时
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    ROS学习笔记四:理解ROS节点

    本节主要介绍ROS图形概念,讨论ROS命令行工具roscore、rosnode和rosrun。

    要求

    要求已经在Linux系统中安装一个学习用的ros软件包例子:

    sudo apt-get install ros-indigo-ros-tutorials
     
     
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    ROS图形概念概述

    • nodes:一个节点可以通过ROS和其他节点进行通信;
    • messages:当订阅或者发布一个topic时使用的数据类型;
    • topics:节点可以发布信息到topics或者从topics那里订阅信息;
    • master:ROS的name service,例如让不同的节点可以找到彼此;
    • rosout:等价于ROS中的stdout/stderr;
    • roscore:master+rosout+parameter service。

    节点

    一个节点仅仅是ROS软件包中的一个可执行文件,ROS节点使用客户端库函数和其他节点进行通信,节点可以从topic中订阅信息,也可发送消息至topic,同时节点也可以使用或者提供服务。

    客户端库函数

    ROS客户端库函数允许使用不同的编程语言进行编程通信:

    • rospy:Python client library
    • roscpp:C++ client library

    roscore

    roscore是你在使用ROS的时候第一件应该做的事:

    roscore &
     
     
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    然后就会看到输出的如下信息:

    [1] 4080
    mountzf@ubuntu:~/ros_tutorial$ ... logging to /home/mountzf/.ros/log/0491d61a-69eb-11e6-93e8-000c29521e21/roslaunch-ubuntu-4080.log
    Checking log directory for disk usage. This may take awhile.
    Press Ctrl-C to interrupt
    Done checking log file disk usage. Usage is <1GB.
    
    started roslaunch server http://ubuntu:32777/
    ros_comm version 1.11.20
    
    
    SUMMARY
    ========
    
    PARAMETERS
     * /rosdistro: indigo
     * /rosversion: 1.11.20
    
    NODES
    
    auto-starting new master
    process[master]: started with pid [4092]
    ROS_MASTER_URI=http://ubuntu:11311/
    
    setting /run_id to 0491d61a-69eb-11e6-93e8-000c29521e21
    process[rosout-1]: started with pid [4105]
    started core service [/rosout]
     
     
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    使用rosnode

    打开一个新的终端窗口,看看运行roscore之后会出现些什么。rosnode显示了现在正在运行的ROS节点的信息。其中rosnode list命令列出了正在运行的节点名称。

    rosnode list
    /rosout
     
     
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    这说明现在系统中只有一个节点rosout在运行,它将一直运行并收集和记录节点的调试输出。命令rosnode info返回一个特定节点的节点信息。

    rosnode info /rosout
     
     
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    这将返回节点rosout的一些信息:

    Node [/rosout]
    Publications: 
     * /rosout_agg [rosgraph_msgs/Log]
    
    Subscriptions: 
     * /rosout [unknown type]
    
    Services: 
     * /rosout/set_logger_level
     * /rosout/get_loggers
    
    
    contacting node http://ubuntu:35108/ ...
    Pid: 4105
     
     
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    使用rosrun

    rosrun命令允许你直接通过软件包名称运行软件包当中的节点(不需要知道软件包的所在路径,但必须是在ROS的搜索目录范围之内)。
    使用方法:

    rosrun [package_name] [node_name]
     
     
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    所以现在我们可以运行软件包turtlesim中的turtlesim_node节点:

    rosrun turtlesim turtlesim_node
     
     
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    在一个新窗口中

    rosnode list
    /rosout
    /turtlesim
     
     
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    ROS中很有力的一个特征是你可以在命令行中重新分配名字

    rosrun turtlesim turtlesim_node __name:=my_turtlesim
    rosnode list
    /my_turtlesim
    /rosout
     
     
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    如上,我们的节点名称更改为了my_turtlesim,下面我们使用另一个rosnode命令行命令rosnode ping:

    rosnode ping /my_turtlesim
    rosnode: node is [/my_turtlesim]
    pinging /my_turtlesim with a timeout of 3.0s
    xmlrpc reply from http://ubuntu:33201/  time=0.409842ms
    xmlrpc reply from http://ubuntu:33201/  time=1.335144ms
    xmlrpc reply from http://ubuntu:33201/  time=1.242876ms
    xmlrpc reply from http://ubuntu:33201/  time=1.311064ms
    xmlrpc reply from http://ubuntu:33201/  time=1.254082ms
     
     
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    总结

    • roscore=ros+core,master(为ROS提供名称服务)+rosout(stdout/stderr)+parameter server。所以在使用ROS的时候的第一件事就是运行roscore来启动这些服务;
    • rosnode=ros+node,用来获得ROS节点信息和操作节点的工具;
    • rosrun=ros+run,用来运行一个给定软件包中的节点。

    祝枫
    2016年8月24日于哈尔滨

    文章最后发布于: 2016-08-24 19:15:07
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