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C语言-学生管理系统源代码_学生管理系统c语言代码

作者：我家小花儿 | 2024-04-08 03:30:18

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学生管理系统c语言代码

一、学生管理系统算法分析（增删改查）

1.插入学生信息（需要具备数据结构基础）

建立头结点、建立新结点函数、建立新结点并插入数据

  1. void InsertStudent() {//插入函数
  2. 	int x;
  3. 	struct Student S;
  4. 	printf("请输入学生的数目：");
  5. 	scanf("%d", &x);
  6. 	for (int i = 1; i <= x; i++) {
  7. 		printf("请分别输入第%d个同学姓名：\n",i);
  8. 		scanf("%s", &S.name);
  9. 		printf("请分别输入第%d个同学年龄：\n",i);
  10. 		scanf("%d", &S.age);
  11. 		printf("请分别输入第%d个同学电话：\n",i);
  12. 		scanf("%s", &S.tel);
  13. 		printf("请分别输入第%d个同学住址：\n",i);
  14. 		scanf("%s", &S.addr);
  15. 		CreatNodeList(StudentNode, S);
  16. 	}
  17. }
  18. struct Node* CreatNode() //建立头节点
  19. {
  20. 	struct Node* HeadNode = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
  21. 	HeadNode->Next = NULL;
  22. 	return HeadNode;
  23. }
  24. struct Node* CreatNewNode(struct Student data) 
  25. {//建立新结点函数
  26. 	struct Node* NewNode = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
  27. 	NewNode->data = data;
  28. 	NewNode->Next = NULL;
  29. 	return NewNode;
  30. }
  31. void CreatNodeList(struct Node* HeadNode, struct Student data) 
  32. {//建立新节点并插入数据
  33. 	struct Node* NewNode = CreatNewNode(data);
  34. 	NewNode->Next = HeadNode->Next;
  35. 	HeadNode->Next = NewNode;
  36. }

2.删除学生信息

删除结点

  1. void deletestudent() {//删除节点|
  2. 	char name[10];
  3. 	printf("请输入需要删除的学生名字：\n");
  4. 	scanf("%s", &name);
  5. 	deletenode(StudentNode, name);
  6. }
  7. void deletenode(struct Node* headnode, char* name) 
  8. {//删除节点操作
  9. 	struct Node* posnode = headnode->Next;
  10. 	struct Node* posnodefront = headnode;
  11. 	if (posnode == NULL) {
  12. 		printf("数据为空，无法删除");
  13. 	}
  14. 	else
  15. 	{
  16. 		while (strcmp(posnode->data.name, name)) 
  17. 		{
  18. 			posnodefront = posnode;
  19. 			posnode = posnodefront->Next;
  20. 			if (posnode == NULL) { printf("未找到指定位置，无法删除"); return; }
  21. 		}
  22. 		posnodefront->Next = posnode->Next;
  23. 		free(posnode);
  24. 	}
  25. }

3.查找学生信息

查找结点、打印单个结点、浏览信息

  1. struct Node* SearchNode(struct Node* StudentNode, char* name) {
  2. //查找节点
  3. 	struct Node* pMove = StudentNode->Next;
  4. 	if (pMove == NULL) {
  5. 		printf("未找到该学生");
  6. 		return(pMove);
  7. 	}
  8. 	else
  9. 	{
  10. 		while (strcmp(pMove->data.name, name)) 
  11. 		{
  12. 			pMove = pMove->Next;
  13. 			if (pMove == NULL)break;
  14. 		}
  15. 		return pMove;
  16. 	}
  17. }
  18. void PrintList(struct Node* StudentNode) 
  19. {//打印单个节点
  20. 	printf("姓名\t年龄\t电话\t\t住址\n");
  21. 	printf("%s\t%d\t%s\t%s\n", StudentNode->data.name, StudentNode->data.age, StudentNode->data.tel, StudentNode->data.addr);
  22. }
  23. void PrintNode(struct Node* StudentNode) 
  24. {//浏览信息
  25. 	struct Node* pow = StudentNode->Next;
  26. 	printf("姓名\t年龄\t电话\t\t住址\n");
  27. 	while (pow) {
  28. 		printf("%s\t%d\t%s\t%s\n", pow->data.name, pow->data.age, pow->data.tel, pow->data.addr);
  29. 		pow = pow->Next;
  30. 	}
  31. }

4.创建菜单

  1. void SystemMenu() {//学生管理系统菜单
  2. 	printf("---------------------学生信息管理系统---------------------------\n");
  3. 	printf("\t\t\t1.插入信息\n");
  4. 	printf("\t\t\t2.浏览信息\n");
  5. 	printf("\t\t\t3.删除信息\n");
  6. 	printf("\t\t\t4.修改信息\n");
  7. 	printf("\t\t\t5.查找信息\n");
  8. 	printf("\t\t\t6.退出系统\n");
  9. 	printf("-----------------------------------------------------------------\n");
  10. }

5.在菜单的基础上插入相应函数执行对应功能

目的在于信息的读取

  1. void KeyRecive() {
  2. 	int x;	
  3. 	struct Student s;//学生人数
  4. 	scanf("%d", &x);
  5. 	switch (x)
  6. 	{
  7. 	case 1:
  8. 		printf("\t【插入信息】\n");
  9. 		InsertStudent();//插入学生信息
  10. 		SaveFile1(S1, StudentNode);
  11. 		printf("插入操作执行完成！-------------");
  12. 		break;
  13. 	case 2:
  14. 		printf("\t【浏览信息】\n");
  15. 		PrintNode(StudentNode);
  16. 		printf("浏览操作执行完成--------------");
  17. 		break;
  18. 	case 3:
  19. 		printf("\t【删除信息】\n");
  20. 		deletestudent();
  21. 		SaveFile1(S1, StudentNode);
  22. 		printf("删除操作执行完成---------------");
  23. 		break;
  24. 	case 4:
  25. 		printf("\t【更改信息】\n");
  26. 		printf("请输入更改的姓名：");
  27. 		scanf("%s", &s.name);
  28. 		if (SearchNode(StudentNode, s.name) == NULL) //异常处理报错
  29. 		{
  30. 			printf("未找到相关信息！\n");
  31. 		}
  32. 		else
  33. 		{
  34. 			struct Node* s1 = SearchNode(StudentNode, s.name);
  35. 			printf("请输入新的学生信息：\n");
  36. 			printf("请输入同学姓名：\n");
  37. 			scanf("%s", &s1->data.name);
  38. 			printf("请输入同学年龄：\n");
  39. 			scanf("%d", &s1->data.age);
  40. 			printf("请输入同学电话：\n");
  41. 			scanf("%s", &s1->data.tel);
  42. 			printf("请输入同学住址：\n");
  43. 			scanf("%s", &s1->data.addr);
  44. 			printf("修改操作执行完成---------------");
  45. 			SaveFile1(S1, StudentNode);
  46. 		}
  47. 		break;
  48. 	case 5:
  49. 		printf("\t【查找信息】\n");
  50. 		printf("请输入查找的姓名：");
  51. 		scanf("%s", &s.name);
  52. 		if (SearchNode(StudentNode, s.name) == NULL) {
  53. 			printf("未找到相关信息！\n");
  54. 		}
  55. 		else
  56. 		{
  57. 			PrintList(SearchNode(StudentNode, s.name));
  58. 			printf("查找操作执行完成---------------");
  59. 		}
  60. 		break;
  61. 	default:printf("输入数据有误，重新输入"); KeyRecive();
  62. 		break;
  63. 	case 6:
  64. 		printf("\t【退出系统】\n");
  65. 		exit(0);
  66. 		break;
  67. 	}
  68. }

6.文件操作

读取和保存

  1. void ReadFromFile(char* filename, struct Node* StudentNode) 
  2. {
  3. 	FILE* fp = fopen(filename, "r");
  4. 	if (fp == NULL) 
  5. 	{
  6. 		fp = fopen(filename, "w");
  7. 	}
  8. 	struct Student data;
  9. 	while (fscanf(fp, "%s\t%d\t%s\t%s\n", &data.name, &data.age,
  10. 		&data.tel, &data.addr) != EOF) 
  11. 	{
  12. 		CreatNodeList(StudentNode, data);
  13. 		memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
  14. 	}
  15. 	fclose(fp);
  16. }
  17. void SaveFile1(char* filename, struct Node* StudentNode) 
  18. {
  19. 	FILE* fp = fopen(filename, "w");
  20. 	struct Node* pow = StudentNode->Next;
  21. 	while (pow) {
  22. 		fprintf(fp, "%s\t%d\t%s\t%s\n", pow->data.name, pow->data.age, pow->data.tel, pow->data.addr);
  23. 		pow = pow->Next;
  24. 	}
  25. 	fclose(fp);
  26. }

7.实现主函数功能

  1. int main(void) {
  2. 	StudentNode = CreatNode();
  3. 	ReadFromFile(S1, StudentNode);
  4. 	while (1) 
  5. 	{
  6. 		SystemMenu();
  7. 		KeyRecive();
  8. 		system("pause");
  9. 		system("cls");
  10. 	}
  11. }

运行代码如下：

  1. #define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
  2. //指定的源文件的开头定义
  3. #include <stdio.h>
  4. #include <stdlib.h>
  5. #include <String.h>
  6. //初始化所有函数
  7. void SystemMenu();//菜单
  8. void KeyRecive();//接受信息
  9. void InsertStudent();//插入学生信息
  10. struct Node* CreatNode();//创建结构体
  11. struct Node* CreatNewNode(struct Student data);//结构体的数据域
  12. void CreatNodeList(struct Node* HeadNode, struct Student data);
  13. void deletestudent();//删除信息
  14. void deletenode(struct Node* headnode, char* name);
  15. //struct Node* changenode(struct Node* S);
  16. struct Node* SearchNode(struct Node* StudentNode, char* name);
  17. void PrintNode(struct Node* StudentNode);
  18. void PrintList(struct Node* StudentNode);
  19. void ReadFromFile(char* filename, struct Node* StudentNode);//读取文件
  20. void SaveFile1(char* filename, struct Node* StudentNode);//保存文件
  21. struct Node* StudentNode;
  22. char S1[5] = { 's','.','t','x','t' };
  23. struct Student {
  24. 	char name[20];//名字
  25. 	int age;//年龄
  26. 	char tel[20];//电话
  27. 	char addr[20];//住址
  28. };
  29. struct Node {//定义结构体 的数据域和指针
  30. 	struct Student data;
  31. 	struct Node* Next;
  32. };
  33. void SystemMenu() {//学生管理系统菜单
  34. 	printf("---------------------学生信息管理系统---------------------------\n");
  35. 	printf("\t\t\t1.插入信息\n");
  36. 	printf("\t\t\t2.浏览信息\n");
  37. 	printf("\t\t\t3.删除信息\n");
  38. 	printf("\t\t\t4.修改信息\n");
  39. 	printf("\t\t\t5.查找信息\n");
  40. 	printf("\t\t\t6.退出系统\n");
  41. 	printf("-----------------------------------------------------------------\n");
  42. }
  43. void KeyRecive() {
  44. 	int x;	
  45. 	struct Student s;//学生人数
  46. 	scanf("%d", &x);
  47. 	switch (x)
  48. 	{
  49. 	case 1:
  50. 		printf("\t【插入信息】\n");
  51. 		InsertStudent();//插入学生信息
  52. 		SaveFile1(S1, StudentNode);
  53. 		printf("插入操作执行完成！-------------");
  54. 		break;
  55. 	case 2:
  56. 		printf("\t【浏览信息】\n");
  57. 		PrintNode(StudentNode);
  58. 		printf("浏览操作执行完成--------------");
  59. 		break;
  60. 	case 3:
  61. 		printf("\t【删除信息】\n");
  62. 		deletestudent();
  63. 		SaveFile1(S1, StudentNode);
  64. 		printf("删除操作执行完成---------------");
  65. 		break;
  66. 	case 4:
  67. 		printf("\t【更改信息】\n");
  68. 		printf("请输入更改的姓名：");
  69. 		scanf("%s", &s.name);
  70. 		if (SearchNode(StudentNode, s.name) == NULL) //异常处理报错
  71. 		{
  72. 			printf("未找到相关信息！\n");
  73. 		}
  74. 		else
  75. 		{
  76. 			struct Node* s1 = SearchNode(StudentNode, s.name);
  77. 			printf("请输入新的学生信息：\n");
  78. 			printf("请输入同学姓名：\n");
  79. 			scanf("%s", &s1->data.name);
  80. 			printf("请输入同学年龄：\n");
  81. 			scanf("%d", &s1->data.age);
  82. 			printf("请输入同学电话：\n");
  83. 			scanf("%s", &s1->data.tel);
  84. 			printf("请输入同学住址：\n");
  85. 			scanf("%s", &s1->data.addr);
  86. 			printf("修改操作执行完成---------------");
  87. 			SaveFile1(S1, StudentNode);
  88. 		}
  89. 		break;
  90. 	case 5:
  91. 		printf("\t【查找信息】\n");
  92. 		printf("请输入查找的姓名：");
  93. 		scanf("%s", &s.name);
  94. 		if (SearchNode(StudentNode, s.name) == NULL) {
  95. 			printf("未找到相关信息！\n");
  96. 		}
  97. 		else
  98. 		{
  99. 			PrintList(SearchNode(StudentNode, s.name));
  100. 			printf("查找操作执行完成---------------");
  101. 		}
  102. 		break;
  103. 	default:printf("输入数据有误，重新输入"); KeyRecive();
  104. 		break;
  105. 	case 6:
  106. 		printf("\t【退出系统】\n");
  107. 		exit(0);
  108. 		break;
  109. 	}
  110. }
  111. void InsertStudent() {//插入函数
  112. 	int x;
  113. 	struct Student S;
  114. 	printf("请输入学生的数目：");
  115. 	scanf("%d", &x);
  116. 	for (int i = 1; i <= x; i++) {
  117. 		printf("请分别输入第%d个同学姓名：\n",i);
  118. 		scanf("%s", &S.name);
  119. 		printf("请分别输入第%d个同学年龄：\n",i);
  120. 		scanf("%d", &S.age);
  121. 		printf("请分别输入第%d个同学电话：\n",i);
  122. 		scanf("%s", &S.tel);
  123. 		printf("请分别输入第%d个同学住址：\n",i);
  124. 		scanf("%s", &S.addr);
  125. 		CreatNodeList(StudentNode, S);
  126. 	}
  127. }
  128. struct Node* CreatNode() //建立头节点
  129. {
  130. 	struct Node* HeadNode = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
  131. 	HeadNode->Next = NULL;
  132. 	return HeadNode;
  133. }
  134. struct Node* CreatNewNode(struct Student data) 
  135. {//建立新结点函数
  136. 	struct Node* NewNode = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
  137. 	NewNode->data = data;
  138. 	NewNode->Next = NULL;
  139. 	return NewNode;
  140. }
  141. void CreatNodeList(struct Node* HeadNode, struct Student data) 
  142. {//建立新节点并插入数据
  143. 	struct Node* NewNode = CreatNewNode(data);
  144. 	NewNode->Next = HeadNode->Next;
  145. 	HeadNode->Next = NewNode;
  146. }
  147. void deletestudent() {//删除节点|
  148. 	char name[10];
  149. 	printf("请输入需要删除的学生名字：\n");
  150. 	scanf("%s", &name);
  151. 	deletenode(StudentNode, name);
  152. }
  153. void deletenode(struct Node* headnode, char* name) 
  154. {//删除节点操作
  155. 	struct Node* posnode = headnode->Next;
  156. 	struct Node* posnodefront = headnode;
  157. 	if (posnode == NULL) {
  158. 		printf("数据为空，无法删除");
  159. 	}
  160. 	else
  161. 	{
  162. 		while (strcmp(posnode->data.name, name)) 
  163. 		{
  164. 			posnodefront = posnode;
  165. 			posnode = posnodefront->Next;
  166. 			if (posnode == NULL) { printf("未找到指定位置，无法删除"); return; }
  167. 		}
  168. 		posnodefront->Next = posnode->Next;
  169. 		free(posnode);
  170. 	}
  171. }
  172. struct Node* SearchNode(struct Node* StudentNode, char* name) {
  173. //查找节点
  174. 	struct Node* pMove = StudentNode->Next;
  175. 	if (pMove == NULL) {
  176. 		printf("未找到该学生");
  177. 		return(pMove);
  178. 	}
  179. 	else
  180. 	{
  181. 		while (strcmp(pMove->data.name, name)) 
  182. 		{
  183. 			pMove = pMove->Next;
  184. 			if (pMove == NULL)break;
  185. 		}
  186. 		return pMove;
  187. 	}
  188. }
  189. void PrintList(struct Node* StudentNode) 
  190. {//打印单个节点
  191. 	printf("姓名\t年龄\t电话\t\t住址\n");
  192. 	printf("%s\t%d\t%s\t%s\n", StudentNode->data.name, StudentNode->data.age, StudentNode->data.tel, StudentNode->data.addr);
  193. }
  194. void PrintNode(struct Node* StudentNode) 
  195. {//浏览信息
  196. 	struct Node* pow = StudentNode->Next;
  197. 	printf("姓名\t年龄\t电话\t\t住址\n");
  198. 	while (pow) {
  199. 		printf("%s\t%d\t%s\t%s\n", pow->data.name, pow->data.age, pow->data.tel, pow->data.addr);
  200. 		pow = pow->Next;
  201. 	}
  202. }
  203. void ReadFromFile(char* filename, struct Node* StudentNode) 
  204. {
  205. 	FILE* fp = fopen(filename, "r");
  206. 	if (fp == NULL) 
  207. 	{
  208. 		fp = fopen(filename, "w");
  209. 	}
  210. 	struct Student data;
  211. 	while (fscanf(fp, "%s\t%d\t%s\t%s\n", &data.name, &data.age,
  212. 		&data.tel, &data.addr) != EOF) 
  213. 	{
  214. 		CreatNodeList(StudentNode, data);
  215. 		memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
  216. 	}
  217. 	fclose(fp);
  218. }
  219. void SaveFile1(char* filename, struct Node* StudentNode) 
  220. {
  221. 	FILE* fp = fopen(filename, "w");
  222. 	struct Node* pow = StudentNode->Next;
  223. 	while (pow) {
  224. 		fprintf(fp, "%s\t%d\t%s\t%s\n", pow->data.name, pow->data.age, pow->data.tel, pow->data.addr);
  225. 		pow = pow->Next;
  226. 	}
  227. 	fclose(fp);
  228. }
  229. int main(void) {
  230. 	StudentNode = CreatNode();
  231. 	ReadFromFile(S1, StudentNode);
  232. 	while (1) 
  233. 	{
  234. 		SystemMenu();
  235. 		KeyRecive();
  236. 		system("pause");
  237. 		system("cls");
  238. 	}
  239. }

插入操作运行结果

 浏览操作运行结果

删除操作运行结果

 修改操作运行结果

 查找操作运行结果

查找失败

 查找成功

 退出系统

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