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1. try except语句的用法,用来检测一段代码内出现的异常并将其归类输出相关信息,首先是try: 被检测代码段 except Exception[as reason]: 相关信息,举例说明:
>>> try:
f = open('该文档不存在')
print(f.read())
f.close()
except OSError:
print('文件出错了T_T')
文件出错了T_T
当然,我们也可以在except Exception 加上 as reason将程序检测到的出错的信息输出,举例说明:
try:
f = open('该文档不存在')
print(f.read())
f.close()
except OSError as reason:
print('文件出错了T_T')
print('出错原因是%s'%str(reason))
文件出错了T_T
出错原因是[Errno 2] No such file or directory: '该文档不存在'
当然,可以增加多个except语句,提取代码段不同的异常问题,举例说明:
try:
1 + '1'
f = open('该文档不存在')
print(f.read())
f.close()
except OSError as reason:
print('文件出错了T_T')
print('出错原因是%s'%str(reason))
except TypeError as reason:
print('求和出错了T_T')
print('出错原因是%s'%str(reason))
求和出错了T_T
出错原因是unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'str'
但是需要注意程序检测到第一个异常后即停止运行,在except中找到相应输出语句,如果except未包含时,则直接曝出异常,
try:
fishc
1 + '1'
f = open('该文档不存在')
print(f.read())
f.close()
except OSError as reason:
print('文件出错了T_T')
print('出错原因是%s'%str(reason))
except TypeError as reason:
print('求和出错了T_T')
print('出错原因是%s'%str(reason))
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "D:/Python34/test/033/01.py", line 2, in fishc
NameError: name 'fishc' is not defined
另外,可以将Exception信息放在一个except语句下面,举例说明:
try:
fishc
1 + '1'
f = open('该文档不存在')
print(f.read())
f.close()
except (OSError,TypeError,NameError) as reason:
print('出错了T_T')
print('出错原因是%s'%str(reason))
出错了T_T
出错原因是name 'fishc' is not defined
甚至except语句连Except都不要了,则程序检测到异常就会执行except下的语句,但不推荐使用:
try:
fishc
1 + '1'
f = open('该文档不存在')
print(f.read())
f.close()
except:
print('出错了T_T')
出错了T_T
2. try finally语句,一般是在try except语句下面补充,用于程序检测到异常后仍能执行的语句:
try:
fishc
1 + '1'
f = open('新文档.txt',wt)
except (OSError,TypeError,NameError) as reason:
print('出错了T_T')
print('出错原因是%s'%str(reason))
finally:
f = open('新文档.txt','wt')
f.write('我爱鱼C论坛!')
f.close()
f = open('新文档.txt','rt')
print(f.read())
f.close()
出错了T_T
出错原因是name 'fishc' is not defined
我爱鱼C论坛!
3. raise语句,raise Exception,引入一个异常,举例说明:
>>> raise NameError
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in raise NameError
NameError
>>> raise ZeroDivisionError('除数是0')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in raise ZeroDivisionError('除数是0')
ZeroDivisionError: 除数是0
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