手机备份/恢复分区(boot/system/userdata)、数据的几种方法_fastboot备份分区命令

前 提：

有root权限
备份恢复boot/system分区为例

先查看分区信息：

方法一 :
命令：ls -l /dev/block/platform/mtk-msdc.0/by-name/

root@GiONEE_GBL7319:/ # ls -l /dev/block/platform/mtk-msdc.0/by-name/
lrwxrwxrwx root     root              2022-05-20 21:16 boot -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p7
lrwxrwxrwx root     root              2022-05-20 21:16 cache -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p21
lrwxrwxrwx root     root              2022-05-20 21:16 expdb -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p10
lrwxrwxrwx root     root              2022-05-20 21:16 flashinfo -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p23
lrwxrwxrwx root     root              2022-05-20 21:16 frp -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p17
lrwxrwxrwx root     root              2022-05-20 21:16 keystore -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p14
lrwxrwxrwx root     root              2022-05-20 21:16 lk -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p5
lrwxrwxrwx root     root              2022-05-20 21:16 logo -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p9
lrwxrwxrwx root     root              2022-05-20 21:16 metadata -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p19
lrwxrwxrwx root     root              2022-05-20 21:16 nvdata -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p18
lrwxrwxrwx root     root              2022-05-20 21:16 nvram -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p2
lrwxrwxrwx root     root              2022-05-20 21:16 oemkeystore -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p12
lrwxrwxrwx root     root              2022-05-20 21:16 para -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p6
lrwxrwxrwx root     root              2022-05-20 21:16 proinfo -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p1
lrwxrwxrwx root     root              2022-05-20 21:16 protect1 -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p3
lrwxrwxrwx root     root              2022-05-20 21:16 protect2 -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p4
lrwxrwxrwx root     root              2022-05-20 21:16 recovery -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p8
lrwxrwxrwx root     root              2022-05-20 21:16 seccfg -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p11
lrwxrwxrwx root     root              2022-05-20 21:16 secro -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p13
lrwxrwxrwx root     root              2022-05-20 21:16 system -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p20
lrwxrwxrwx root     root              2022-05-20 21:16 tee1 -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p15
lrwxrwxrwx root     root              2022-05-20 21:16 tee2 -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p16
lrwxrwxrwx root     root              2022-05-20 21:16 userdata -> /dev/block/mmcblk0p22
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boot分区对应实际的目录是/dev/block/mmcblk0p7
方法二：
根目录/下的fstab.xxx和/dev/recovery.fstab也可查相关信息

备 份：

方法一：cat
命令：cat /dev/block/mmcblk0p7 > /sdcard/bootBAK.img

root@GiONEE_GBL7319:/ # cat /dev/block/mmcblk0p7 > /sdcard/bootBAK.img
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查看结果：

root@GiONEE_GBL7319:/ # ls -l /sdcard/boot*
-rw-rw---- root     sdcard_r  7145472 2015-06-30 07:04 boot.img
-rw-rw---- root     sdcard_r 16777216 2022-05-20 21:45 bootBAK.img
-rw-rw---- root     sdcard_r  7485440 2022-02-28 08:22 bootF103_magisk.img
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bootBAK.img大小是16777216字节
对比一下：
先查看分区大小
命令：cat /proc/partitions

root@GiONEE_GBL7319:/ # cat /proc/partitions
major minor  #blocks  name

 254        0     491520 zram0
   7        0      18944 loop0
 179        0   15267840 mmcblk0
 179        1       3072 mmcblk0p1
 179        2       5120 mmcblk0p2
 179        3      10240 mmcblk0p3
 179        4      10240 mmcblk0p4
 179        5        512 mmcblk0p5
 179        6        512 mmcblk0p6
 179        7      16384 mmcblk0p7       对应boot分区
 179        8      16384 mmcblk0p8
 179        9       8192 mmcblk0p9
 179       10      10240 mmcblk0p10
 179       11        512 mmcblk0p11
 179       12       2048 mmcblk0p12
 179       13       6144 mmcblk0p13
 179       14       8192 mmcblk0p14
 179       15       5120 mmcblk0p15
 179       16       5120 mmcblk0p16
 179       17       1024 mmcblk0p17
 179       18      32768 mmcblk0p18
 179       19      37888 mmcblk0p19
 179       20    2097152 mmcblk0p20
 179       21     409600 mmcblk0p21
 179       22   12563968 mmcblk0p22
 179       23      16384 mmcblk0p23
 179       96       4096 mmcblk0rpmb
 179       64       4096 mmcblk0boot1
 179       32       4096 mmcblk0boot0
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mmcblk0p7的blocks是16384块，每块大小1024字节
boot大小 = 16384 * 1024 = 16777216字节，与备份出来的大小一样。
方法二：dd
命令：dd if=/dev/block/mmcblk0p7 of=/sdcard/bootBAK2.img

1|root@GiONEE_GBL7319:/ # dd if=/dev/block/mmcblk0p7 of=/sdcard/bootBAK2.img
32768+0 records in
32768+0 records out
16777216 bytes transferred in 2.001 secs (8384415 bytes/sec)
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或者：

 dd if=/dev/block/mmcblk0p7 of=/sdcard/bootBAK2.img bs=1024 count=16384
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命令说明 ：

• if 表示输入（数据源）
• of 表示输出（备份到哪）
• bs 即blocks
• count 是多少个bs
  结果：

root@GiONEE_GBL7319:/ # ls -l /sdcard/boot*
-rw-rw---- root     sdcard_r  7145472 2015-06-30 07:04 boot.img
-rw-rw---- root     sdcard_r 16777216 2022-05-20 21:45 bootBAK.img
-rw-rw---- root     sdcard_r 16777216 2022-05-20 21:56 bootBAK2.img
-rw-rw---- root     sdcard_r  7485440 2022-02-28 08:22 bootF103_magisk.img
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方法三：cpio
命令：find /system -print | cpio -ovd -H newc > /sdcard/system.cpio

root@GiONEE_GBL7319:/ # find /system -print | busybox cpio -ovd -H newc > /sdcard/system.cpio

root@GiONEE_GBL7319:/ # ls -l /sdcard/system*
-rw-rw---- root     sdcard_r 1916820332 2022-05-25 23:11 system.cpio

root@GiONEE_GBL7319:/ # file /sdcard/system.cpio
/sdcard/system.cpio: ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC)
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方法四：tar
命令：tar cvzpf system-bak0526.tar.gz --exclude=/system/lost+found --exclude=/system/recovery-from-boot.bak /system

备份/system时排除掉./lost+found , recovery-from-boot.bak
先查看/system数据：

c:\tmp\fastboot>adb shell
shell@GiONEE_GBL7319:/ $ su
root@GiONEE_GBL7319:/ # ls /system
app
bin
build.prop
data
etc
fonts
framework
lib
lib64
lost+found
media
plugin
priv-app
recovery-from-boot.bak
res
tts
usr
vendor
xbin
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执行备份：

root@GiONEE_GBL7319:/ # cd /sdcard
root@GiONEE_GBL7319:/sdcard # busybox tar cvzpf system-bak0526.tar.gz --exclude=/system/lost+found --exclude=/system/recovery-from-boot.bak  /system
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参数说明：

1. -c 建立压缩文件
2. -x 解开压缩文件
3. -v 显示列表
4. -z 用gzip进行压缩
5. -p 保留原来的属性
6. -f 指定压缩文档名
7. –exclude 排除的文件或目录

查看结果：

root@GiONEE_GBL7319:/sdcard # ll sys*
-rw-rw---- root     sdcard_r 1132545851 2022-05-26 16:04 system-bak0526.tar.gz

130|root@GiONEE_GBL7319:/sdcard # busybox tar -tf system-bak0526.tar.gz|grep flash_image
system/xbin/flash_image
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===========================

恢 复 分 区/数据：

方法一：dd
命令：dd if=/sdcard/bootBAK2.img of=/dev/block/mmcblk0p7

root@GiONEE_GBL7319:/ # dd if=/sdcard/bootBAK2.img of=/dev/block/mmcblk0p7
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方法二：fastboot flash
命令：fastboot flash boot bootBAK2.img

c:\tmp\fastboot>adb reboot bootloader

c:\tmp\fastboot>fastboot devices
8T8HBIZSBU9PCM4S        fastboot

c:\tmp\fastboot>fastboot flash boot bootBAK2.img
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方法三：flash_image
命令：flash_image partition file.img
有时候partition不识别boot, 则改为/dev/block/mmcblk0p7试试

root@GiONEE_GBL7319:/ # flash_image boot /sdcard/bootBAK2.img
failed with error: -1

root@GiONEE_GBL7319:/ # flash_image /dev/block/mmcblk0p7 /sdcard/bootBAK2.img
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方法四：cpio
命令：cpio -iuvd < /sdcard/system.cpio
参数说明：

1. -i 将数据文件复制到系统中，copy-in
2. -o 将系统数据复制成文件，copy-out
3. -u 自动将较新文件覆盖旧文件
4. -v 显示清单
5. -d 自动建立目录
6. -p 原版备份，不进行额外处理
7. -H format
   format有如下格式：
   bin : The obsolete binary format. (2147483647 bytes)
   odc : The old (POSIX.1) portable format. (8589934591 bytes)
   newc : The new (SVR4) portable format, which supports file systems having more than 65536 i-nodes. (4294967295 bytes)

另外说明 ：

dd命令可备份 ：文件、分区、磁盘、光盘等
用法说明：

Usage: dd [if=FILE] [of=FILE] [ibs=N obs=N/bs=N] [count=N] [skip=N] [seek=N]
        [conv=notrunc|noerror|sync|fsync]
        [iflag=skip_bytes|fullblock] [oflag=seek_bytes|append]

Copy a file with converting and formatting

        if=FILE         Read from FILE instead of stdin
        of=FILE         Write to FILE instead of stdout
        bs=N            Read and write N bytes at a time
        ibs=N           Read N bytes at a time
        obs=N           Write N bytes at a time
        count=N         Copy only N input blocks
        skip=N          Skip N input blocks
        seek=N          Skip N output blocks
        conv=notrunc    Don't truncate output file
        conv=noerror    Continue after read errors
        conv=sync       Pad blocks with zeros
        conv=fsync      Physically write data out before finishing
        conv=swab       Swap every pair of bytes
        iflag=skip_bytes        skip=N is in bytes
        iflag=fullblock Read full blocks
        oflag=seek_bytes        seek=N is in bytes
        oflag=append    Open output file in append mode
        status=noxfer   Suppress rate output
        status=none     Suppress all output

N may be suffixed by c (1), w (2), b (512), kB (1000), k (1024), MB, M, GB, G
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/dev/null : 回收站
/dev/zero ：生成0字符