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c++ qt获取电脑的内存_Qt使用github-Actions自动化发行

作者：我家小花儿 | 2024-05-20 01:02:11

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github action qt

v2-17cfcf072e766ab0b3a339f53ea87ed2_1440w.jpg?source=172ae18b

目录

(放个目录方便预览。目录是从博客复制过来的，点击会跳转到博客)

  • 简介
  • Qt项目的编译流程
  • Qt项目的发布流程
    • 查找依赖
    • 制作包
    • 上传
  • 定制发布流程
    • 发布时机
    • 打包步骤
    • 多平台发布
    • 最终配置
      • windows版的最终配置
      • MacOS最终配置
    • 结果和代码

简介

在上一篇文章《Qt使用github-Actions自动化编译》中，介绍了github-Actions的基本用法，

本文来介绍github-Actions的自动化发布。

结果预览

v2-ee796a229341aa0b0d502d41781e3459_b.jpg

Qt项目的编译流程

先来回顾一下,上一篇文章中的Qt项目的编译流程

  1. 安装Qt环境
    这一步用第三方Action模板：install-qt-action
  2. 获取项目代码
    这一步用Actions官方核心模板：actions/checkout
  3. 执行qmake、make
    这一步用自定义脚本，也可以换成cmake、qbs、gn、ninja等构建工具
  4. 执行test
    这一步可以引入单元测试、自动化UI测试等。暂无完善的方案，以后再说。
  5. 发布
    见下文。

Qt项目的发布流程

Qt程序在编译完成后，发布的大致流程是：

1、 查找依赖库

2、制作压缩包或者安装包

3、上传压缩包或者安装包到网站、网盘。

查找依赖

Qt官方提供的查找依赖库的命令行工具，包括：Windows平台的Windeployqt、MacOS平台的Macosdeployqt。

在这两个平台，只使用Qt库的情况下，这两个工具足够了。

制作包

做压缩包比较简单。(我们常说的‘绿色软件’，就是一个压缩包)

一般安装7z、rar之类的压缩工具，用一条命令行就行了。

涛哥这里再说一下，github-Actions给所有平台都提供了PowerShell，而PowerShell内置了压缩命令Compress-Archive。

使用也很简单，只要路径和名字，例如：

Compress-Archive

做安装包，Qt官方有功能很全面的安装包制作工具：QtInstallFrameWork, 稍微翻看一下文档或者例子即可。本文先不展开了。

上传

github 本身提供了’Release’功能，每个仓库都有一个’Release’页面

v2-8bb3bd07382e077830a69d5505418e13_b.jpg

可以将打包好的压缩包或者安装包，直接上传上去, 供他人下载。

v2-13eb7a5c531cf8501fb5615d9aa33db8_b.jpg

github-Actions还提供了 创建’Release’、上传’Release’的模板

actions/create-release

actions/upload-release-asset

这两个模板的用法也很简单，在yml文件中直接use就行了，不赘述了。

定制发布流程

前面介绍了一些简单的理论，接下来通过实例，教大家github-Actions的使用。

以HelloActions-Qt项目为例，做一些定制。

需求如下：

1、每次提交代码，同时在Windows、MacOS、Ubuntu、Android、IOS五个平台编译

2、每次提交tag，在windows和MacOS平台制作软件包，并发布到同一个github-‘Release’

需求1已经实现了，着重讨论一下需求2：

发布时机

‘每次提交tag’限定了发布的时机。

涛哥尝试了一番，最终得到答案。

回顾一下, Windows平台的编译配置：

name

steps中的每一个步骤，可以有触发条件。我们可以在这里指定，只有github的事件为tag时才执行:

  1.   steps:
  2.     。。。
  3.     # tag 打包
  4.     - name: package
  5.       if: startsWith(github.event.ref, 'refs/tags/')
  6.       run: |
  7.         。。。

打包步骤

这里给出一个实际的打包步骤：

  1.       # tag 打包
  2.       - name: package
  3.         if: startsWith(github.event.ref, 'refs/tags/')
  4.         env:
  5.           VCINSTALLDIR: 'C:Program Files (x86)Microsoft Visual Studio2019EnterpriseVC'
  6.           archiveName: ${{ matrix.qt_ver }}-${{ matrix.qt_target }}-${{ matrix.qt_arch }}
  7.           targetName: HelloActions-Qt.exe
  8.         shell: pwsh
  9.         run: |
  10.           # 创建文件夹
  11.           New-Item -ItemType Directory ${env:archiveName}
  12.           # 拷贝exe
  13.           Copy-Item bin${env:targetName} ${env:archiveName}
  14.           # 拷贝依赖
  15.           windeployqt --qmldir . ${env:archiveName}${env:targetName}
  16.           # 打包zip
  17.           Compress-Archive -Path ${env:archiveName} ${env:archiveName}'.zip'
  18.           # 记录环境变量packageName给后续step
  19.           $name = ${env:archiveName}
  20.           echo "::set-env name=packageName::$name"
  21.           # 打印环境变量packageName
  22.           Write-Host 'packageName:'${env:packageName}

做一些说明：

  • vs运行时

其中的VCINSTALLDIR环境变量，是给windeployqt用的。有了这个环境变量，windeployqt会去msvc的安装路径提取‘运行时安装程序’。

  • 记录包名称

打包完以后，将包名设置为环境变量，后续的步骤就可以通过环境变量拿到包名字了。

普通的设置环境变量，在步骤执行完成后就失效了，

这里使用github-Actions的‘记录命令’set-env ，具体可以参考文档github-Actions记录命令

文档说不要用双引号，应该都是针对linux的，我试出来的PowerShell用法如下：

  1.           $name = ${env:archiveName}
  2.           echo "::set-env name=packageName::$name"

先取环境变量到一个局部变量，再在‘记录命令’中引用局部变量。

多平台发布

如果只有一个平台、一种配置，直接用那两个模板就能解决问题。

这是官方给的例子upload-release-asset：

  1.     steps:
  2.       - name: Checkout code
  3.         uses: actions/checkout@master
  4.       - name: Build project # This would actually build your project, using zip for an example artifact
  5.         run: |
  6.           zip --junk-paths my-artifact README.md
  7.       - name: Create Release
  8.         id: create_release
  9.         uses: actions/create-release@v1.0.0
  10.         env:
  11.           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
  12.         with:
  13.           tag_name: ${{ github.ref }}
  14.           release_name: Release ${{ github.ref }}
  15.           draft: false
  16.           prerelease: false
  17.       - name: Upload Release Asset
  18.         id: upload-release-asset 
  19.         uses: actions/upload-release-asset@v1.0.1
  20.         env:
  21.           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
  22.         with:
  23.           upload_url: ${{ steps.create_release.outputs.upload_url }} # This pulls from the CREATE RELEASE step above, referencing it's ID to get its outputs object, which include a `upload_url`. See this blog post for more info: https://jasonet.co/posts/new-features-of-github-actions/#passing-data-to-future-steps 
  24.           asset_path: ./my-artifact.zip
  25.           asset_name: my-artifact.zip
  26.           asset_content_type: application/zip

在多平台 或者 多配置的情况下，同一个tag, 只有第一个执行create-release的任务可以成功，后续任务

再次执行create-release时，该tag下已经有了同名的‘Release’，所以会create失败。

这个问题折磨了涛哥好一阵子。找不到现成的解决方案，涛哥就自己实现了一种:

  1. 先用github的REST API去判断该tag下有没有‘Release’:
    没有则执行create-release，并提取upload_url；
    有则提取upload_url。
  2. 最后执行upload-release-asset

调用REST API，涛哥依旧使用了方便的PowerShell,

实际的配置如下：

  1.       # tag 查询github-Release
  2.       - name: queryReleaseWin
  3.         id: queryReleaseWin
  4.         if: startsWith(github.event.ref, 'refs/tags/')
  5.         shell: pwsh
  6.         env:
  7.           githubFullName: ${{ github.event.repository.full_name }}
  8.           ref: ${{ github.event.ref }}
  9.         run: |
  10.           [string]$tag = ${env:ref}.Substring(${env:ref}.LastIndexOf('/') + 1)
  11.           [string]$url = 'https://api.github.com/repos/' + ${env:githubFullName} + '/releases/tags/' + ${tag}
  12.           $response={}
  13.           try {
  14.             $response = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $url -Method Get
  15.           } catch {
  16.             Write-Host "StatusCode:" $_.Exception.Response.StatusCode.value__ 
  17.             Write-Host "StatusDescription:" $_.Exception.Response.StatusDescription
  18.             # 没查到，输出
  19.             echo "::set-output name=needCreateRelease::true"  
  20.             return
  21.           }
  22.           [string]$latestUpUrl = $response.upload_url
  23.           Write-Host 'latestUpUrl:'$latestUpUrl
  24.           if ($latestUpUrl.Length -eq 0) {
  25.             # 没查到，输出
  26.             echo "::set-output name=needCreateRelease::true"  
  27.           }
  28.       # tag 创建github-Release
  29.       - name: createReleaseWin
  30.         id: createReleaseWin
  31.         if: startsWith(github.event.ref, 'refs/tags/') && steps.queryReleaseWin.outputs.needCreateRelease == 'true'
  32.         env:
  33.           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
  34.         uses: actions/create-release@v1.0.0
  35.         with:
  36.           tag_name: ${{ github.ref }}
  37.           release_name: Release ${{ github.ref }}
  38.           body: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
  39.           draft: false
  40.           prerelease: false
  41.       # tag 重定向upload_url到环境变量uploadUrl。
  42.       - name: getLatestTagRelease
  43.         if: startsWith(github.event.ref, 'refs/tags/')
  44.         shell: pwsh
  45.         env:
  46.           githubFullName: ${{ github.event.repository.full_name }}
  47.           upUrl: ${{ steps.createReleaseWin.outputs.upload_url }}
  48.           ref: ${{ github.event.ref }}
  49.         run: |
  50.           # upUrl不为空，导出就完事
  51.           if (${env:upUrl}.Length -gt 0) {
  52.               $v=${env:upUrl}
  53.               echo "::set-env name=uploadUrl::$v"
  54.               return
  55.           } 
  56.           # upUrl为空则重新获取
  57.           [string]$tag = ${env:ref}.Substring(${env:ref}.LastIndexOf('/') + 1)
  58.           [string]$url = 'https://api.github.com/repos/' + ${env:githubFullName} + '/releases/tags/' + ${tag}
  59.           $response = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $url -Method Get
  60.           [string]$latestUpUrl = $response.upload_url
  61.           Write-Host 'latestUpUrl:'$latestUpUrl
  62.           # 导出
  63.           echo "::set-env name=uploadUrl::$latestUpUrl"
  64.           Write-Host 'env uploadUrl:'${env:uploadUrl}
  65.       # tag 上传Release
  66.       - name: uploadRelease
  67.         id: uploadRelease
  68.         if: startsWith(github.event.ref, 'refs/tags/')
  69.         env:
  70.           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
  71.         uses: actions/upload-release-asset@v1.0.1
  72.         with:
  73.           upload_url: ${{ env.uploadUrl }}
  74.           asset_path: ./${{ env.packageName }}.zip
  75.           asset_name: ${{ env.packageName }}.zip
  76.           asset_content_type: application/zip

最终配置

windows版的最终配置

  1. name: Windows
  2. on: 
  3.   # push代码时触发workflow
  4.   push:
  5.     # 忽略README.md
  6.     paths-ignore:
  7.       - 'README.md'
  8.       - 'LICENSE'
  9.   # pull_request时触发workflow
  10.   pull_request:
  11.     # 忽略README.md
  12.     paths-ignore:
  13.       - 'README.md'
  14.       - 'LICENSE'
  15. jobs:
  16.   build:
  17.     name: Build
  18.     # 运行平台， windows-latest目前是windows server 2019
  19.     runs-on: windows-latest
  20.     strategy:
  21.       # 矩阵配置
  22.       matrix:
  23.         qt_ver: [5.12.6]
  24.         qt_target: [desktop]
  25.         qt_arch: [win64_msvc2017_64, win32_msvc2017]
  26.         # 额外设置msvc_arch
  27.         include:
  28.           - qt_arch: win64_msvc2017_64
  29.             msvc_arch: x64
  30.             qt_arch_install: msvc2017_64
  31.           - qt_arch: win32_msvc2017
  32.             msvc_arch: x86
  33.             qt_arch_install: msvc2017
  34.     env:
  35.       targetName: HelloActions-Qt.exe
  36.     # 步骤
  37.     steps:  
  38.       # 安装Qt
  39.       - name: Install Qt
  40.         # 使用外部action。这个action专门用来安装Qt
  41.         uses: jurplel/install-qt-action@v2.0.0
  42.         with:
  43.           # Version of Qt to install
  44.           version: ${{ matrix.qt_ver }}
  45.           # Target platform for build
  46.           target: ${{ matrix.qt_target }}
  47.           # Architecture for Windows/Android
  48.           arch: ${{ matrix.qt_arch }}
  49.       # 拉取代码
  50.       - uses: actions/checkout@v1
  51.         with:
  52.           fetch-depth: 1
  53.       # 编译msvc
  54.       - name: build-msvc
  55.         shell: cmd
  56.         env:
  57.           vc_arch: ${{ matrix.msvc_arch }}
  58.         run: |
  59.           call "C:Program Files (x86)Microsoft Visual Studio2019EnterpriseVCAuxiliaryBuildvcvarsall.bat" %vc_arch%
  60.           qmake
  61.           nmake
  62.       # tag 打包
  63.       - name: package
  64.         if: startsWith(github.event.ref, 'refs/tags/')
  65.         env:
  66.           VCINSTALLDIR: 'C:Program Files (x86)Microsoft Visual Studio2019EnterpriseVC'
  67.           archiveName: ${{ matrix.qt_ver }}-${{ matrix.qt_target }}-${{ matrix.qt_arch }}
  68.         shell: pwsh
  69.         run: |
  70.           # 创建文件夹
  71.           New-Item -ItemType Directory ${env:archiveName}
  72.           # 拷贝exe
  73.           Copy-Item bin${env:targetName} ${env:archiveName}
  74.           # 拷贝依赖
  75.           windeployqt --qmldir . ${env:archiveName}${env:targetName}
  76.           # 打包zip
  77.           Compress-Archive -Path ${env:archiveName} ${env:archiveName}'.zip'
  78.           # 记录环境变量packageName给后续step
  79.           $name = ${env:archiveName}
  80.           echo "::set-env name=packageName::$name"
  81.           # 打印环境变量packageName
  82.           Write-Host 'packageName:'${env:packageName}
  83.       # tag 查询github-Release
  84.       - name: queryReleaseWin
  85.         id: queryReleaseWin
  86.         if: startsWith(github.event.ref, 'refs/tags/')
  87.         shell: pwsh
  88.         env:
  89.           githubFullName: ${{ github.event.repository.full_name }}
  90.           ref: ${{ github.event.ref }}
  91.         run: |
  92.           [string]$tag = ${env:ref}.Substring(${env:ref}.LastIndexOf('/') + 1)
  93.           [string]$url = 'https://api.github.com/repos/' + ${env:githubFullName} + '/releases/tags/' + ${tag}
  94.           $response={}
  95.           try {
  96.             $response = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $url -Method Get
  97.           } catch {
  98.             Write-Host "StatusCode:" $_.Exception.Response.StatusCode.value__ 
  99.             Write-Host "StatusDescription:" $_.Exception.Response.StatusDescription
  100.             # 没查到，输出
  101.             echo "::set-output name=needCreateRelease::true"  
  102.             return
  103.           }
  104.           [string]$latestUpUrl = $response.upload_url
  105.           Write-Host 'latestUpUrl:'$latestUpUrl
  106.           if ($latestUpUrl.Length -eq 0) {
  107.             # 没查到，输出
  108.             echo "::set-output name=needCreateRelease::true"  
  109.           }
  110.       # tag 创建github-Release
  111.       - name: createReleaseWin
  112.         id: createReleaseWin
  113.         if: startsWith(github.event.ref, 'refs/tags/') && steps.queryReleaseWin.outputs.needCreateRelease == 'true'
  114.         env:
  115.           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
  116.         uses: actions/create-release@v1.0.0
  117.         with:
  118.           tag_name: ${{ github.ref }}
  119.           release_name: Release ${{ github.ref }}
  120.           body: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
  121.           draft: false
  122.           prerelease: false
  123.       # 重定向upload_url到环境变量uploadUrl。
  124.       - name: getLatestTagRelease
  125.         # tag 上一步无论成功还是失败都执行
  126.         if: startsWith(github.event.ref, 'refs/tags/')
  127.         shell: pwsh
  128.         env:
  129.           githubFullName: ${{ github.event.repository.full_name }}
  130.           upUrl: ${{ steps.createReleaseWin.outputs.upload_url }}
  131.           ref: ${{ github.event.ref }}
  132.         run: |
  133.           # upUrl不为空，导出就完事
  134.           if (${env:upUrl}.Length -gt 0) {
  135.               $v=${env:upUrl}
  136.               echo "::set-env name=uploadUrl::$v"
  137.               return
  138.           } 
  139.           [string]$tag = ${env:ref}.Substring(${env:ref}.LastIndexOf('/') + 1)
  140.           [string]$url = 'https://api.github.com/repos/' + ${env:githubFullName} + '/releases/tags/' + ${tag}
  141.           $response = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $url -Method Get
  142.           [string]$latestUpUrl = $response.upload_url
  143.           Write-Host 'latestUpUrl:'$latestUpUrl
  144.           echo "::set-env name=uploadUrl::$latestUpUrl"
  145.           Write-Host 'env uploadUrl:'${env:uploadUrl}
  146.       # tag 上传Release
  147.       - name: uploadRelease
  148.         id: uploadRelease
  149.         if: startsWith(github.event.ref, 'refs/tags/')
  150.         env:
  151.           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
  152.         uses: actions/upload-release-asset@v1.0.1
  153.         with:
  154.           upload_url: ${{ env.uploadUrl }}
  155.           asset_path: ./${{ env.packageName }}.zip
  156.           asset_name: ${{ env.packageName }}.zip
  157.           asset_content_type: application/zip

MacOS最终配置

  1. name: MacOS
  2. on: 
  3.   push:
  4.     paths-ignore:
  5.       - 'README.md'
  6.       - 'LICENSE'
  7.   pull_request:
  8.     paths-ignore:
  9.       - 'README.md'
  10.       - 'LICENSE'
  11. jobs:
  12.   build:
  13.     name: Build
  14.     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
  15.     strategy:
  16.       matrix:
  17.         os: [macos-latest]
  18.         qt_ver: [5.12.6]
  19.         qt_arch: [clang_64]
  20.     env:
  21.       targetName: HelloActions-Qt
  22.     steps:
  23.       - name: Install Qt
  24.         uses: jurplel/install-qt-action@v2.0.0
  25.         with:
  26.           version: ${{ matrix.qt_ver }}
  27.       - uses: actions/checkout@v1
  28.         with:
  29.           fetch-depth: 1
  30.       - name: build macos
  31.         run: |
  32.           qmake
  33.           make
  34.       # tag 打包
  35.       - name: package
  36.         if: startsWith(github.event.ref, 'refs/tags/')
  37.         run: |
  38.           # 拷贝依赖
  39.           macdeployqt bin/${targetName}.app -qmldir=. -verbose=1 -dmg
  40.       # tag 查询github-Release
  41.       - name: queryRelease
  42.         id: queryReleaseMacos
  43.         if: startsWith(github.event.ref, 'refs/tags/')
  44.         shell: pwsh
  45.         env:
  46.           githubFullName: ${{ github.event.repository.full_name }}
  47.           ref: ${{ github.event.ref }}
  48.         run: |
  49.           [string]$tag = ${env:ref}.Substring(${env:ref}.LastIndexOf('/') + 1)
  50.           [string]$url = 'https://api.github.com/repos/' + ${env:githubFullName} + '/releases/tags/' + ${tag}
  51.           $response={}
  52.           try {
  53.             $response = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $url -Method Get
  54.           } catch {
  55.             Write-Host "StatusCode:" $_.Exception.Response.StatusCode.value__ 
  56.             Write-Host "StatusDescription:" $_.Exception.Response.StatusDescription
  57.             # 没查到，输出
  58.             echo "::set-output name=needCreateRelease::true"  
  59.             return
  60.           }
  61.           [string]$latestUpUrl = $response.upload_url
  62.           Write-Host 'latestUpUrl:'$latestUpUrl
  63.           if ($latestUpUrl.Length -eq 0) {
  64.             # 没查到，输出
  65.             echo "::set-output name=needCreateRelease::true"  
  66.           }
  67.       # tag 创建github-Release
  68.       - name: createReleaseWin
  69.         id: createReleaseWin
  70.         if: startsWith(github.event.ref, 'refs/tags/') && steps.queryReleaseMacos.outputs.needCreateRelease == 'true'
  71.         env:
  72.           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
  73.         uses: actions/create-release@v1.0.0
  74.         with:
  75.           tag_name: ${{ github.ref }}
  76.           release_name: Release ${{ github.ref }}
  77.           body: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
  78.           draft: false
  79.           prerelease: false
  80.       # 重定向upload_url到环境变量uploadUrl。
  81.       - name: getLatestTagRelease
  82.         # tag 上一步无论成功还是失败都执行
  83.         if: startsWith(github.event.ref, 'refs/tags/')
  84.         shell: pwsh
  85.         env:
  86.           githubFullName: ${{ github.event.repository.full_name }}
  87.           upUrl: ${{ steps.queryReleaseMacos.outputs.upload_url }}
  88.           ref: ${{ github.event.ref }}
  89.         run: |
  90.           # upUrl不为空，导出就完事
  91.           if (${env:upUrl}.Length -gt 0) {
  92.               $v=${env:upUrl}
  93.               echo "::set-env name=uploadUrl::$v"
  94.               return
  95.           } 
  96.           [string]$tag = ${env:ref}.Substring(${env:ref}.LastIndexOf('/') + 1)
  97.           [string]$url = 'https://api.github.com/repos/' + ${env:githubFullName} + '/releases/tags/' + ${tag}
  98.           $response = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $url -Method Get
  99.           [string]$latestUpUrl = $response.upload_url
  100.           Write-Host 'latestUpUrl:'$latestUpUrl
  101.           echo "::set-env name=uploadUrl::$latestUpUrl"
  102.           Write-Host 'env uploadUrl:'${env:uploadUrl}
  103.       # tag 上传Release
  104.       - name: uploadRelease
  105.         id: uploadRelease
  106.         if: startsWith(github.event.ref, 'refs/tags/')
  107.         env:
  108.           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
  109.         uses: actions/upload-release-asset@v1.0.1
  110.         with:
  111.           upload_url: ${{ env.uploadUrl }}
  112.           asset_path: ./bin/${{ env.targetName }}.dmg
  113.           asset_name: ${{ env.targetName }}.dmg
  114.           asset_content_type: application/applefile

结果和代码

v2-13eb7a5c531cf8501fb5615d9aa33db8_b.jpg

代码在github HelloActions-Qt

另外在涛哥的Qml控件库TaoQuick，也使用了这一套配置 TaoQuick

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