本系列文章由 @YhL_Leo 出品,转载请注明出处。
文章链接: http://blog.csdn.net/yhl_leo/article/details/47660943
本文参考Opencv 2.4.11 documentation整理对YAML和XML文件实现I/O操作的方法。
官网:YAML:http://www.yaml.org XML :http://www.w3c.org/XML
1.YAML与XML文件的打开和关闭
YAML格式的文件拓展名包括:.yml
和 .yaml
,两个都表示YAML文件;
XML格式的文件拓展名为: .xml
。
1.1 文件打开
在Opencv中,使用FileStorage
进行文件读写。XML文件操作与YAML一样,不过存在一些细小差别。
- std::string fileName = "E:\\test.yml"; // YAML
- std::string fileName2 = "E:\\test.xml"; // XML
- // write file
- cv::FileStorage fs(fileName , cv::FileStorage::WRITE);
- // read file
- cv::FileStorage fs2(fileName , cv::FileStorage::READ);
- // or use: cv::FileStorage::open
- fs2.open(fileName , cv::FileStorage::READ);
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FileStorage
的文件操作模式一共分为四种:READ
,WRITE
,APPEND
,MEMORY
。
文档打开后很关心的一件事就是,进行确认是否成功。FileStorage
有自己的成员函数返回文件打开状态:
- // bool FileStorage::isOpened() const;
- if ( !fs.isOpened() ) // failed
- {
- std::cout<<"Save File Failed!"<<std::endl;
- return ;
- }
- else // succeed
- {
- ...
- }
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1.2 文件关闭
FileStorage
文件关闭比较简单:
fs.release();
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2.文件读写
FileStorage
文件读与写的方法与C++语言中的文件流对象的使用很像,对>>
和<<
进行了重载,分别用于文件读取和写入。很棒的是,FileStorage
支持一些常用格式的直接读写,例如字符、字符串、数字、cv::Mat
等。对于不支持的数据结构,只能按照规则自己去写啦~
2.1 写入
- fs << "frameCount" << 5; // 字符和数字
- cv::Mat_<double> cameraMat = cv::Mat_<double>::zeros(3, 3);
- fs << "Camera Intrinsic Matrix" << cameraMat; // cv::Mat
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注意:
fs << "frameCount" <<5
中""
内输出的字符串是有限制的,对于YAML有效范围是:[a-z],[A-Z],[0-9],”-“,”_”和空格。XML与YAML基本一致,但是YAML字符之间加空格是允许的,XML不允许。如果出现以下BUG,请不要慌张,检查一下输入的字符是否有效就OK~
2.2 读取
文件读取的方法有两种:
- // first method: use (type) operator on FileNode.
- int frameCount = (int)fs2["frameCount"];
- // second second method: use cv::FileNode::operator >>
- int frameCount;
- fs2["frameCount"] >> frameCount;
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2.3 Mat的操作
这一点真的很不错,而且与C++的输入输出方法很接近(链接:常用的三种Mat
类型):
- cv::Mat_<double> cameraMat = cv::Mat_<double>::zeros(3, 3);
- cv::Mat_<double> distCoeffes = ( cv::Mat_<double>(5, 1)<< 0.1, 0.01, -0.001, 0.0, 0.0 );
- // C++
- std::cout<<"Camera Matrix"<<std::endl<<cv::Mat::Mat(cameraMat)<<std::endl;
- std::cout<<"Distortion Coefficients"<<std::endl<<cv::Mat::Mat(distCoeffes)<<std::endl;
- // cv::FileStorage
- fs << "Camera Matrix" << cameraMat;
- fs << "Distortion Coefficients"<<distCoeffes;
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运行结果对比如下:
C++
YAML
XML
2.4 集合的操作
Opencv中将集合分为两类:映射和序列。
映射集合(Mappings, 又称named collections):每个元素有一个名字或者说关键字,并且可以通过名字访问其数据,类似于Key-Value结构。使用方法为:
- // Mappings write
- int x(1.0), y(0.0);
- fs << "features" << "["; // also can be "[:"
- fs <<"{:" << "x" << x << "y" << "}" << "]";
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"{"
和"{:"
输出的结果是不一样的,YAML使用":"
后,使输出的文本具有Python的风格,映射集合会按照一行排列,不适用时,按照每个元素与其值单独一行的方法排列。XML使用":"
后输出结果会有不同,但基本可以视为把":"
忽略。
YAML {
YAML {:
XML {
XML {:
- // Mappings read
- cv::FileNode features = fs2["features"];
- // 遍历查看
- cv::FileNodeIterator it = features.begin();
- std::cout<<
- "x="<<(int)(*it)["x"]<<
- " y="<<(int)(*it)["y"]<<
- " z="<<(int)(*it)["z"]<<std::endl;
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输出结果:
- 编程的时候,不在Mapping的
"{ }"
外加上"[ ]"
输出的效果是不一样的,而且在数据读取的时候,加上"[
的Mapping结构会被认为是Mapping结构,否则会出错,以上述的
]"Mappings write
代码为例: 对于fs <<
结构,用上述方法可以读取成功; 对于
"fearures" << "[" << "{" << ... << "}" << "]"fs
结构,用上述方法时就会出错:
<< "features" << "{" << ... << "}"
序列集合(Sequences,又称unnamed collections):数据没有名字名字或者关键字,一般通过序号(indices)访问数据,例如最常见的数组。
与映射类似,序列集合需要在输出开始前加"["
,结束后使用"]"
,并且"[:"
与"["
在输出风格上与映射集合类似。
- // Sequences write
- int mySeq[5] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4};
- fs << "mySeq" << "[";
- for ( int idx=0; idx<5; idx++ )
- {
- fs << mySeq[idx];
- }
- fs << "]";
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- // Sequences read
- cv::FileNode mySeq2 = fs2["mySeq"];
- std::vector<int> seq;
- cv::FileNodeIterator it = mySeq2.begin(), it_end = mySeq2.end();
- for ( ; it != it_end; it++ )
- {
- seq.push_back( (int)( *it ) );
- // std::cout<<(int)(*it)<<" "<<std::endl;
- }
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3.Opencv documentation 源码示例
下面贴出Opencv documentation中的示例代码,可以作为参考:
- // file write
- #include "opencv2/opencv.hpp"
- #include <time.h>
-
- using namespace cv;
- using namespace std;
-
- int main(int, char** argv)
- {
- FileStorage fs("test.yml", FileStorage::WRITE);
-
- fs << "frameCount" << 5;
- time_t rawtime; time(&rawtime);
- fs << "calibrationDate" << asctime(localtime(&rawtime));
- Mat cameraMatrix = (Mat_<double>(3,3) << 1000, 0, 320, 0, 1000, 240, 0, 0, 1);
- Mat distCoeffs = (Mat_<double>(5,1) << 0.1, 0.01, -0.001, 0, 0);
- fs << "cameraMatrix" << cameraMatrix << "distCoeffs" << distCoeffs;
- fs << "features" << "[";
- for( int i = 0; i < 3; i++ )
- {
- int x = rand() % 640;
- int y = rand() % 480;
- uchar lbp = rand() % 256;
-
- fs << "{:" << "x" << x << "y" << y << "lbp" << "[:";
- for( int j = 0; j < 8; j++ )
- fs << ((lbp >> j) & 1);
- fs << "]" << "}";
- }
- fs << "]";
- fs.release();
- return 0;
- }
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- // results
- %YAML:1.0
- frameCount: 5
- calibrationDate: "Fri Jun 17 14:09:29 2011\n"
- cameraMatrix: !!opencv-matrix
- rows: 3
- cols: 3
- dt: d
- data: [ 1000., 0., 320., 0., 1000., 240., 0., 0., 1. ]
- distCoeffs: !!opencv-matrix
- rows: 5
- cols: 1
- dt: d
- data: [ 1.0000000000000001e-01, 1.0000000000000000e-02,
- -1.0000000000000000e-03, 0., 0. ]
- features:
- - { x:167, y:49, lbp:[ 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1 ] }
- - { x:298, y:130, lbp:[ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1 ] }
- - { x:344, y:158, lbp:[ 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ] }
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- // file read
- FileStorage fs2("test.yml", FileStorage::READ);
-
- // first method: use (type) operator on FileNode.
- int frameCount = (int)fs2["frameCount"];
-
- std::string date;
- // second method: use FileNode::operator >>
- fs2["calibrationDate"] >> date;
-
- Mat cameraMatrix2, distCoeffs2;
- fs2["cameraMatrix"] >> cameraMatrix2;
- fs2["distCoeffs"] >> distCoeffs2;
-
- cout << "frameCount: " << frameCount << endl
- << "calibration date: " << date << endl
- << "camera matrix: " << cameraMatrix2 << endl
- << "distortion coeffs: " << distCoeffs2 << endl;
-
- FileNode features = fs2["features"];
- FileNodeIterator it = features.begin(), it_end = features.end();
- int idx = 0;
- std::vector<uchar> lbpval;
-
- // iterate through a sequence using FileNodeIterator
- for( ; it != it_end; ++it, idx++ )
- {
- cout << "feature #" << idx << ": ";
- cout << "x=" << (int)(*it)["x"] << ", y=" << (int)(*it)["y"] << ", lbp: (";
- // you can also easily read numerical arrays using FileNode >> std::vector operator.
- (*it)["lbp"] >> lbpval;
- for( int i = 0; i < (int)lbpval.size(); i++ )
- cout << " " << (int)lbpval[i];
- cout << ")" << endl;
- }
- fs.release();
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