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目录
个人理解:ld文件主要是当GCC最后链接STM32程序时候,为应用程序划分好对应的内存地址与大小,并将对应的数据、函数入口等信息存放到对应段中。
- /* Entry Point */
- ENTRY(Reset_Handler)
-
- //1、设置了用户ram的最高地址
- /* Highest address of the user mode stack */
- _estack = 0x20020000; /* end of RAM */
-
- //2、设置用户栈空间以及堆空间的大小
- /* Generate a link error if heap and stack don't fit into RAM */
- _Min_Heap_Size = 0x4000; /* required amount of heap */
- _Min_Stack_Size = 0x1000; /* required amount of stack */
-
- //3、指定了RAM与ROM的起始地址,以及大小
- /* Specify the memory areas */
- MEMORY
- {
- RAM (xrw) : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 128K
- CCMRAM (rw) : ORIGIN = 0x10000000, LENGTH = 64K
- FLASH (rx) : ORIGIN = 0x8000000, LENGTH = 1024K
- }
-
- //4、将相关内容放到对应段中
- /* Define output sections */
- SECTIONS
- {
- //中断向量表放在.isr_vector段中
- /* The startup code goes first into FLASH */
- .isr_vector :
- {
- . = ALIGN(4);
- KEEP(*(.isr_vector)) /* Startup code */
- . = ALIGN(4);
- } >FLASH
-
- //程序代码和其他部分数据存放在.text段中
- /* The program code and other data goes into FLASH */
- .text :
- {
- . = ALIGN(4);
- *(.text) /* .text sections (code) */
- *(.text*) /* .text* sections (code) */
- *(.glue_7) /* glue arm to thumb code */
- *(.glue_7t) /* glue thumb to arm code */
- *(.eh_frame)
-
- KEEP (*(.init))
- KEEP (*(.fini))
-
- . = ALIGN(4);
- _etext = .; /* define a global symbols at end of code */
- } >FLASH
-
- //.rodata 存放常量(只读数据)
- /* Constant data goes into FLASH */
- .rodata :
- {
- . = ALIGN(4);
- *(.rodata) /* .rodata sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
- *(.rodata*) /* .rodata* sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
- . = ALIGN(4);
- } >FLASH
-
- .ARM.extab : { *(.ARM.extab* .gnu.linkonce.armextab.*) } >FLASH
- .ARM : {
- __exidx_start = .;
- *(.ARM.exidx*)
- __exidx_end = .;
- } >FLASH
-
- //.preinit_array 和 .init_array 保存程序或共享对象加载时的初始化函数指针
- .preinit_array :
- {
- PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_start = .);
- KEEP (*(.preinit_array*))
- PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_end = .);
- } >FLASH
- .init_array :
- {
- PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_start = .);
- KEEP (*(SORT(.init_array.*)))
- KEEP (*(.init_array*))
- PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_end = .);
- } >FLASH
-
- //.fini_array 保存程序或共享对象退出时的退出函数地址
- .fini_array :
- {
- PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_start = .);
- KEEP (*(SORT(.fini_array.*)))
- KEEP (*(.fini_array*))
- PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_end = .);
- } >FLASH
-
- /* used by the startup to initialize data */
- _sidata = LOADADDR(.data);
-
- //.data 存放了经过初始化的全局变量和静态变量
- /* Initialized data sections goes into RAM, load LMA copy after code */
- .data :
- {
- . = ALIGN(4);
- _sdata = .; /* create a global symbol at data start */
- *(.data) /* .data sections */
- *(.data*) /* .data* sections */
-
- . = ALIGN(4);
- _edata = .; /* define a global symbol at data end */
- } >RAM AT> FLASH
-
- _siccmram = LOADADDR(.ccmram);
-
- /* CCM-RAM section
- *
- * IMPORTANT NOTE!
- * If initialized variables will be placed in this section,
- * the startup code needs to be modified to copy the init-values.
- */
-
- //.ccmram 是STM32中只允许内核访问的空间,可以将一些内核放在这里使用
- .ccmram :
- {
- . = ALIGN(4);
- _sccmram = .; /* create a global symbol at ccmram start */
- *(.ccmram)
- *(.ccmram*)
-
- . = ALIGN(4);
- _eccmram = .; /* create a global symbol at ccmram end */
- } >CCMRAM AT> FLASH
-
- //.bss 保存了那些用到但未被初始化的数据
- /* Uninitialized data section */
- . = ALIGN(4);
- .bss :
- {
- /* This is used by the startup in order to initialize the .bss secion */
- _sbss = .; /* define a global symbol at bss start */
- __bss_start__ = _sbss;
- *(.bss)
- *(.bss*)
- *(COMMON)
-
- . = ALIGN(4);
- _ebss = .; /* define a global symbol at bss end */
- __bss_end__ = _ebss;
- } >RAM
-
- //._user_heap_stack 用户的堆栈段
- /* User_heap_stack section, used to check that there is enough RAM left */
- ._user_heap_stack :
- {
- . = ALIGN(4);
- PROVIDE ( end = . );
- PROVIDE ( _end = . );
- . = . + _Min_Heap_Size;
- . = . + _Min_Stack_Size;
- . = ALIGN(4);
- } >RAM
-
-
-
- /* Remove information from the standard libraries */
- /DISCARD/ :
- {
- libc.a ( * )
- libm.a ( * )
- libgcc.a ( * )
- }
-
- .ARM.attributes 0 : { *(.ARM.attributes) }
- }
个人理解:在进入main函数前所进行的操作,主要是初始化SP与PC指针,以及中断向量表。
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