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服务管理，网络管理_localhost.localdomain error [12231.b170836.253.119
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1.服务管理
##这个是服务管理的一些常用命令
[cxg@localhost ~]$ su -
Password:
Last login: Sun Apr 26 10:56:25 CST 2020 on pts/1
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[root@localhost ~]# systemctl li##这时候我们想不起来要输入的具体命令，输入一半可以连续按两下TAB进行提示，下面就是提示
link list-dependencies list-jobs list-sockets list-timers list-unit-files list-units
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[root@localhost ~]# systemctl list-units##列出所有的可操作单元（下方的输出我们只截取部分的）
UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION
proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.automount loaded active waiting Arbitrary Executable File Formats File System Automount Point
sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:10.0-host2-target2:0:0-2:0:0:0-block-sda-sda1.device loaded active plugged VMware_Virtual_S 1
sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:10.0-host2-target2:0:0-2:0:0:0-block-sda-sda2.device loaded active plugged LVM PV ABhzBV-2KMV-JkHc-PAN8-TlYO-sqQV-UcFIm3 on /dev/sda2 2
sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:10.0-host2-target2:0:0-2:0:0:0-block-sda.device loaded active plugged VMware_Virtual_S
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[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status##由于上方的可操作的较多，我们选择status底层点的操作单元，方便
● localhost.localdomain
State: running
Jobs: 0 queued
Failed: 0 units
Since: Sat 2020-04-25 17:30:17 CST; 17h ago
CGroup: /
├─1 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 22
├─user.slice
│ └─user-1000.slice
│ └─session-1.scope
│ ├─ 8379 gdm-session-worker [pam/gdm-password]
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[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status sshd##这个是查看服务状态，通过下面的代码我们可以看到active(running)程序正在运行，（这个命令也是远程的安全连接端口）
● sshd.service - OpenSSH server daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Sat 2020-04-25 17:30:43 CST; 17h ago
Docs: man:sshd(8)
man:sshd_config(5)
Main PID: 7514 (sshd)
Tasks: 1
CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
└─7514 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
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[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/lib/systemd/system/##进入sshd端口
[root@localhost system]# ls
abrt-ccpp.service graphical.target.wants plymouth-poweroff.service sysinit.target
abrtd.service gssproxy.service plymouth-quit.service sysinit.target.wants
abrt-oops.service halt-local.service plymouth-quit-wait.service sys-kernel-config.mount
abrt-pstoreoops.service halt.target plymouth-read-write.service sys-kernel-debug.mount
abrt-vmcore.service halt.target.wants plymouth-reboot.service syslog.socket
abrt-xorg.service hibernate.target plymouth-start.service syslog.target.wants
accounts-daemon.service hybrid-sleep.target plymouth-switch-root.service sysstat.service
alsa-restore.service hypervfcopyd.service polkit.service systemd-ask-password-console.path
alsa-state.service hypervkvpd.service postfix.service systemd-ask-password-console.service
anaconda-direct.service hypervvssd.service poweroff.target systemd-ask-password-plymouth.path
anaconda-nm-config.service initial-setup-graphical.service poweroff.target.wants systemd-ask-password-plymouth.service
anaconda-noshell.service initial-setup-reconfiguration.service printer.target
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[root@localhost system]# ll *.service##可以看到sshd服务的端口
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 275 Aug 20 2018 abrt-ccpp.service -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 380 Aug 20 2018 abrtd.service -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 361 Aug 20 2018 abrt-oops.service -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 266 Aug 20 2018 abrt-pstoreoops.service -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 262 Aug 20 2018 abrt-vmcore.service -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 311 Aug 20 2018 abrt-xorg.service -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 729 Jul 20 2018 accounts-daemon.service -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 569 May 31 2018 alsa-restore.service -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 465 May 31 2018 alsa-state.service -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 682 Sep 26 2018 anaconda-direct.service -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 185 Sep 26 2018 anaconda-nm-config.service -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 660 Sep 26 2018 anaconda-noshell.service -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 585 Sep 26 2018 anaconda-pre.service -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 442 Sep 26 2018 anaconda.service -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 532 Sep 26 2018 anaconda-shell@.service -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 574 Sep 26 2018 anaconda-sshd.service -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 498 Sep 26 2018 anaconda-tmux@.service -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 275 May 3 2018 arp-ethers.service -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 222 May 23 2018 atd.service -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1169 Jul 17 2018 auditd.service -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 646 Sep 27 2018 auth-rpcgss-module.service lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 14 Mar 31 18:11 autovt@.service -> getty@.service
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[root@localhost system]# systemctl stop sshd##我们现在停止sshd的服务端口
[root@localhost system]# systemctl status sshd##查看服务状态，发现他已经停止运行了 Active: inactive (dead)
● sshd.service - OpenSSH server daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead) since Sun 2020-04-26 11:03:08 CST; 15s ago
Docs: man:sshd(8)
man:sshd_config(5)
Process: 7514 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/sshd -D $OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 7514 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
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[root@localhost system]# systemctl start sshd##我们将stop改成start，让他再运行
[root@localhost system]# systemctl status sshd##可以看到他又开始运行了
● sshd.service - OpenSSH server daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Sun 2020-04-26 11:03:34 CST; 2s ago
Docs: man:sshd(8)
man:sshd_config(5)
Main PID: 22619 (sshd)
Tasks: 1
CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
└─22619 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
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[root@localhost system]# systemctl restart sshd##有时候我们也可以使用restart重启服务来再次启动
##总结：前面这几个命令总是用来控制当前的运行状态的。
[root@localhost system]# systemctl is-enabled sshd##查看sshd这个服务是开机自启的吗？
enabled
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##可以看到enabled ，他是开机自启的
[root@localhost system]# systemctl disable sshd##设定服务开机不启动（disable改为enable就是设置开机启动的）
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/sshd.service.
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##/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/这个我们知道他是做软连接的，也是操作系统默认的运行级，muli-user可以看到这是多用户下的有网络，也就是我们用的这个终端。这段代码我们可以理解为系统在etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/这个目录后,这块系统就自动启动
[root@localhost system]# cd /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/
[root@localhost multi-user.target.wants]# ll
total 0 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 41 Mar 31 18:12 abrt-ccpp.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/abrt-ccpp.service lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 37 Mar 31 18:12 abrtd.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/abrtd.service lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 41 Mar 31 18:12 abrt-oops.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/abrt-oops.service lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 43 Mar 31 18:12 abrt-vmcore.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/abrt-vmcore.service lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 41 Mar 31 18:12 abrt-xorg.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/abrt-xorg.service lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 35 Mar 31 18:14 atd.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/atd.service lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 38 Mar 31 18:12 auditd.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/auditd.service lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 44 Mar 31 18:14 avahi-daemon.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/avahi-daemon.service lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 37 Mar 31 18:11 brandbot.path -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/brandbot.path lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 37 Mar 31 18:11 crond.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/crond.service lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 33 Mar 31 18:12 cups.path -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/cups.path lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 36 Mar 31 18:12 cups.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/cups.service lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 41 Mar 31 18:13 firewalld.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 61 Mar 31 18:13 initial-setup-reconfiguration.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/initial-setup-reconfiguration.service lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 42 Mar 31 18:14 irqbalance.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/irqbalance.service lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 35 Mar 31 18:12 ksm.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/ksm.service
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##可以看到这些软连接都是自动开启的
[root@localhost multi-user.target.wants]# systemctl enable sshd##这个只设置开机时候的运行状态，不会对当前的运行状态产生变更
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/sshd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service.
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##可以看到to后面的 /usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service.是软连接的真实位置，to前面是软连接。可以理解为只要/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/这个目录上有/sshd.service，就会自动启动它
[root@localhost multi-user.target.wants]# systemctl enable sshd##开机自动启动
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/sshd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service.
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[root@localhost multi-user.target.wants]# systemctl status sshd##可以看到这个enable命令不能对当前的运行状态产生影响，只能对开机时候的运行状态产生影响
● sshd.service - OpenSSH server daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Sun 2020-04-26 11:03:49 CST; 48min ago
Docs: man:sshd(8)
man:sshd_config(5)
Main PID: 22636 (sshd)
Tasks: 1
CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
└─22636 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
Apr 26 11:03:49 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopped OpenSSH server daemon.
Apr 26 11:03:49 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting OpenSSH server daemon...
Apr 26 11:03:49 localhost.localdomain sshd[22636]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22.
Apr 26 11:03:49 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH server daemon.
Apr 26 11:03:49 localhost.localdomain sshd[22636]: Server listening on :: port 22.
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[root@localhost multi-user.target.wants]# systemctl disable sshd
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/sshd.service.
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[root@localhost multi-user.target.wants]# systemctl status sshd##可以看到开机不启动命令不能对当前状态产生影响
● sshd.service - OpenSSH server daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Sun 2020-04-26 11:03:49 CST; 48min ago
Docs: man:sshd(8)
man:sshd_config(5)
Main PID: 22636 (sshd)
CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
└─22636 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
Apr 26 11:03:49 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopped OpenSSH server daemon.
Apr 26 11:03:49 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting OpenSSH server daemon...
Apr 26 11:03:49 localhost.localdomain sshd[22636]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22.
Apr 26 11:03:49 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH server daemon.
Apr 26 11:03:49 localhost.localdomain sshd[22636]: Server listening on :: port 22.
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[root@localhost multi-user.target.wants]# systemctl disable --now sshd##但是加上–now那就相当于加上一个start命令，也就是相当于加systemctl disable命令和systemctl start与stop命令一起运行了，两步合一步
[root@localhost multi-user.target.wants]# systemctl status sshd
● sshd.service - OpenSSH server daemon Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: inactive (dead) Docs: man:sshd(8) man:sshd_config(5) Apr 26 11:03:34 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH server daemon. Apr 26 11:03:49 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopping OpenSSH server daemon... Apr 26 11:03:49 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopped OpenSSH server daemon. Apr 26 11:03:49 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting OpenSSH server daemon... Apr 26 11:03:49 localhost.localdomain sshd[22636]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22. Apr 26 11:03:49 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH server daemon. Apr 26 11:03:49 localhost.localdomain sshd[22636]: Server listening on :: port 22. Apr 26 11:53:02 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopping OpenSSH server daemon... Apr 26 11:53:02 localhost.localdomain sshd[22636]: Received signal 15; terminating. Apr 26 11:53:02 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopped OpenSSH server daemon. [root@localhost multi-user.target.wants]# systemctl enable --now sshd Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/sshd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service.
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[root@localhost multi-user.target.wants]# systemctl enable --now sshd##可以看到又开始运行了
`● sshd.service - OpenSSH server daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Sun 2020-04-26 11:53:22 CST; 8s ago
Docs: man:sshd(8)
man:sshd_config(5)
Main PID: 23598 (sshd)
Tasks: 1
CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
└─23598 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
Apr 26 11:53:22 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting OpenSSH server daemon...
Apr 26 11:53:22 localhost.localdomain sshd[23598]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22.
Apr 26 11:53:22 localhost.localdomain sshd[23598]: Server listening on :: port 22.
Apr 26 11:53:22 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH server daemon.
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###对于systemctl enable和systemctl disable我们可以利用secureCRT来进行操作演示
在secureCRT里面：
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status sshd##查看服务状态，因为我们用secureCRT也是属于远程安全链接控制，可以看到服务状态是允许的，可以接下来的操作
● sshd.service - OpenSSH server daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Mon 2020-04-27 00:16:10 CST; 6h ago
Docs: man:sshd(8)
man:sshd_config(5)
Main PID: 7653 (sshd)
Tasks: 1
CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
└─7653 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
Apr 27 00:16:09 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting OpenSSH server dae...
Apr 27 00:16:10 localhost.localdomain sshd[7653]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0...
Apr 27 00:16:10 localhost.localdomain sshd[7653]: Server listening on :: port...
Apr 27 00:16:10 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH server daemon.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
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[root@localhost ~]# systemctl isolate muli-user.target##将linux系统直接切换为多用户的模式（就是没有图像显示的那种和cmd一样的），指令输完后，系统已经变成没有鼠标的多用户模式了
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl isloate graphical.target##将linux系统直接切换为图形模式，系统又切换回图形模式了
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/default.target.
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/default.target to /usr/lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target.
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##可以看到remove去除掉symlink /etc/systemd/system/default.target.这个链接，to给他连接到multi-user.target图形模式上
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl set-default multi-user.target##将系统切换为多用户模式，但是需要重启后才生效（这个指令是设置操作系统默认的运行级）
[root@localhost ~]# reboot##重启系统，重启完成后，我们发现系统已经变成多用户的模式了
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl set-default graphical.target##将系统切换图形模式，但是需要重启后才生效（这个指令是设置操作系统默认的运行级）
[root@localhost ~]# reboot##重启系统
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl mask sshd##这个mask命令是锁定sshd这个远程链接服务
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/sshd.service to /dev/null.
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##可以看到to /dev/null.，吧这个sshd这个连接到黑洞回收站去了，就是没有连接了，自然也就不存在可以连接了，也就锁定了
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start sshd##我们现在启动sshd发现失败了，因为被mask锁定了
Failed to start sshd.service: Unit is masked.
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[root@localhost ~]# systemctl unmask sshd##我们利用unmask取消锁定后
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/sshd.service.
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[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start sshd##发现又可以连接运行了
2.网络管理
##这个是网络管理的一些常用命令
##ip， 网关和dns是上网必须有的，但是如果是局域网的话，可以只有IP也行。
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[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sys
sysconfig/ sysctl.d/ systemd/
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[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/
cbq/ console/ modules/ network-scripts/ rhn/
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[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts##进入网络配置
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ls
ifcfg-ens33 ifdown-eth ifdown-isdn ifdown-sit ifup ifup-ib ifup-plip ifup-routes ifup-tunnel network-functions-ipv6
ifcfg-lo ifdown-ib ifdown-post ifdown-Team ifup-aliases ifup-ippp ifup-plusb ifup-sit ifup-wireless
ifdown ifdown-ippp ifdown-ppp ifdown-TeamPort ifup-bnep ifup-ipv6 ifup-post ifup-Team init.ipv6-global
ifdown-bnep ifdown-ipv6 ifdown-routes ifdown-tunnel ifup-eth ifup-isdn ifup-ppp ifup-TeamPort network-functions
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[root@localhost network-scripts]# pwd
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
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[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens33##对网关进行修改
BOOTPROTO=static
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.0.100
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.0.1
DNS1=114.114.114.114
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##删除掉ens33的第一行
##我们接下来对网卡名称进行修改，原本是ens33这种，我们将他换成以前的那种eth0，eth1，连续排列那种网卡名
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim /boot/grub2/grub.cfg##这个是内核的参数，我们云计算的时候要求所有的硬件和设备标识一致，不一致的话，服务器的配置文件不好设置
menuentry 'Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64) 7.6 (Maipo)' --class red --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64-advanced-ed80b36e-3eb4-44e5-a17d-9e6a13b37967' {
load_video
set gfxpayload=keep
insmod gzio
insmod part_msdos
insmod xfs
set root='hd0,msdos1'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 --hint='hd0,msdos1' 04b6288f-68c6-408b-b1ef-b07078e9f7a5
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 04b6288f-68c6-408b-b1ef-b07078e9f7a5
fi
linux16 /vmlinuz-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/rhel-root ro rd.lvm.lv=rhel/root rd.lvm.lv=rhel/swap rhgb quiet LANG=en_US.UTF-8 net.ifnames=0
initrd16 /initramfs-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64.img
}
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##这两条分别是内核的启动参数，上面是第一条启动参数，下面是第二条启动参数，第二条一般不用，##我们在第一条的倒数第二行的.UTF-8 后面加上 net.ifnames=0表示禁用给网卡命名的模式
menuentry 'Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (0-rescue-4dd8bf0a62964b709726bb3d5cdda54e) 7.6 (Maipo)' --class red --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-0-rescue-4dd8bf0a62964b709726bb3d5cdda54e-advanced-ed80b36e-3eb4-44e5-a17d-9e6a13b37967' {
load_video
insmod gzio
insmod part_msdos
insmod xfs
set root='hd0,msdos1'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 --hint='hd0,msdos1' 04b6288f-68c6-408b-b1ef-b07078e9f7a5
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 04b6288f-68c6-408b-b1ef-b07078e9f7a5
fi
linux16 /vmlinuz-0-rescue-4dd8bf0a62964b709726bb3d5cdda54e root=/dev/mapper/rhel-root ro rd.lvm.lv=rhel/root rd.lvm.lv=rhel/swap rhgb quiet
initrd16 /initramfs-0-rescue-4dd8bf0a62964b709726bb3d5cdda54e.img
}
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[root@localhost network-scripts]# reboot##重启后才能生效
[root@localhost ~]# ip addr##重启后我们发现我们的网关已经由ens33变为eth0了，已经完成命名，但是和secureCRT的链接断了
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:82:f7:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:bd:87:59 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:bd:87:59 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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##这是由于我们更换了网关命，但是和secureCRT的桥接信息还是原本ens33的信息，所以我们也要对联结的端口信息进行修改
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ ##进入网关设置
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens33##在这里面将DEVICE=ens33改为DEVICE=eth0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# mv ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-eth0##将ens33的信息移动到eth0里面
[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl restart NetworkManager##重启网络后发现，我们的连接已经做好恢复了
##再切换回linux
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:82:f7:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.0.100/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe82:f7e7/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 52:54:00:bd:87:59 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 52:54:00:bd:87:59 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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[root@localhost network-scripts]# cd /etc/syconfig/network-scripts/
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ls##创建的网络接口的信息也已经改变
ifcfg-eth0 ifdown-bnep ifdown-ippp ifdown-post ifdown-sit ifdown-tunnel ifup-bnep ifup-ippp ifup-plip ifup-ppp ifup-Team ifup-wireless network-functions-ipv6
ifcfg-lo ifdown-eth ifdown-ipv6 ifdown-ppp ifdown-Team ifup ifup-eth ifup-ipv6 ifup-plusb ifup-routes ifup-TeamPort init.ipv6-global
ifdown ifdown-ib ifdown-isdn ifdown-routes ifdown-TeamPort ifup-aliases ifup-ib ifup-isdn ifup-post ifup-sit ifup-tunnel network-functions
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[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eth0
BOOTPROTO=static
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.0.100
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.0.1
DNS1=114.114.114.114
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##可以看到所有的网卡信息都已经修改完成，此时我们再插入一个网卡的时候，新的网卡命名为eth1，eth2，eth3 等等，按照规律排列。
##拓展：我们一般在生产环节，一般有多个网卡，云主机一个网，管理一个网，外部独立连接一个网，这是因为如果都设置成一个网的话，如果数据出现堵塞，会让管网出现未响应的情况
##1.上面的BOOTPROTO=static 是告诉我们通过指定方式的办法来获得地址 这里我们选择静态static，动态的话将static改为dhcp
2.DEVICE=eth0,这个是设备名，这个名必须和ip addr里面的网关设备名一致
3.ONBOOT=yes这个是开机自动启动的意思，就是说网卡在开机的时候自动激活
4.IPADDR=192.168.0.100，ip地址
5.PREFIX=24子网掩码=24，也可以使用NETMSAK=255.255.255.0来进行替换，但是前者更加简单方便
##比如说我们想设置多个IP地址就可以:
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-eth0
BOOTPROTO=static
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR1=192.168.0.100
IPADDR2=172.25.0.100
PREFIX1=24
PREFIX2=24
GATEWAY1=192.168.0.1
DNS1=114.114.114.114
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##分别用IPADDR1和IPADDR2和子网掩码1和2，网关1和2区分每个IP地址，这是针对不同的输出，不同的网卡配置不同的IP，走不一样的网关
，
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ip addr ##查看ip地址发现第二个172.25.0.100的IP地址没有生效
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:82:f7:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.100/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe82:f7e7/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl restart NetworkManager##我们重启下网络
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ip addr##发现还是没有生效
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:82:f7:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.100/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe82:f7e7/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl stop NetworkManager##这时候我们采用先关闭网络服务
[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl disable NetworkManager##再关闭开机自启动
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/NetworkManager.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.nm-dispatcher.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/network-online.target.wants/NetworkManager-wait-online.service.
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[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl restart network##再重新启动网络后，注意这个network和上面的MangerNetwork不一样，这个中专属于rhel7以前的系统，erhel8就不能使用了，针对rhel8的系统我们采用的指令为nmcli connection show
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ip addr##这时候172.25.0.100的IP地址已经激活
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:82:f7:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.100/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 172.25.0.100/24 brd 172.25.0.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe82:f7e7/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-eth0
BOOTPROTO=static
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.0.100
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.0.1
DNS1=114.114.114.114
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[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl restart network
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ip addr
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:82:f7:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.100/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe82:f7e7/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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[root@localhost network-scripts]# route -n ##查看网关
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1002 0 0 eth0
192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
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[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat /etc/resolv.conf ##查看DNS
nameserver 114.114.114.114
search localdomain
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[root@localhost network-scripts]# ll ifcfg-eth0##这个其实只是把IP地址，DNS 等等这些写到一个文件里，系统会根据文件信息，自动生成新的文件地址到各处比如上面查看dns和ip地址的位置文件，我们没有修改过他的文件，但是他的文件就随着我们ifcfg-eth0内容的修改进行改变
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim /etc/resolv.conf ##下面这个是他原本的内容，我们删除第一行
nameserver 114.114.114.114
search localdomain
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##删除第一行
search localdomain
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[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl restart network##重新启动网络，看修改后的ip地址，网关，还有dns
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ip addr##发现没有发生改变
[root@localhost network-scripts]#route -n##没有发生改变
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat /etc/resolv.conf ##发现没有改变
nameserver 114.114.114.114
search localdomain
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[root@localhost ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:82:f7:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.0.100/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe82:f7e7/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 52:54:00:bd:87:59 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 52:54:00:bd:87:59 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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[root@localhost ~]# route -n##查看网关
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0
192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 eth0
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
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[root@localhost ~]# route del default gw 192.168.0.1##删除掉192.168.0.1这个网关
[root@localhost ~]# route -n##发现已经没有这个网关了
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 eth0
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
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[root@localhost ~]# ip addr##查看ip地址
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:82:f7:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.0.100/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe82:f7e7/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 52:54:00:bd:87:59 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 52:54:00:bd:87:59 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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[root@localhost ~]# ip addr del 192.168.0.100/24 dev eth0##我们将IP地址也删掉
[root@localhost ~]# ip addr##可以看到IP地址确实没有了
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:82:f7:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe82:f7e7/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 52:54:00:bd:87:59 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 52:54:00:bd:87:59 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff BOOTPROTO=static
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[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop network##再将网络停掉
[root@localhost ~]# ip addr##可以看到此时IP地址，网关，dns都是没有的
1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:82:f7:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:bd:87:59 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:bd:87:59 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
DEVICE=eth0
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[root@localhost sysconfig]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-eth0##我们再给IPADDR PROFIX GATEWAY DNS1这些都注释上
ONBOOT=yes
#IPADDR=192.168.0.100
#PREFIX=24
#GATEWAY=192.168.0.1
#DNS1=114.114.114.114
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[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl start network##重新启动网络
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ip addr##他会激活我们的设备，但是没有IP信息
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:82:f7:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe82:f7e7/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 52:54:00:bd:87:59 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 52:54:00:bd:87:59 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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[root@localhost network-scripts]# route -n##没有网关
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
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[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat /etc/resolv.conf##没有dns
##这时候我们的设备激活了，可以往里面加ip 网关，dns的信息
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ip addr add 192.168.0.200/24 dev eth0##加入IP地址的信息给eth0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ip addr##可以发现我们的IP已经可以通了，可以在cmd里面ping192.168.0.200看是否通
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:82:f7:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.0.200/24 scope global eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe82:f7e7/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 52:54:00:bd:87:59 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 52:54:00:bd:87:59 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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[root@localhost network-scripts]# ping baidu.com##我们ping个网站发现ping不通，这是因为先要上网只有IP地址是不行的，还需要网关和dns
ping: baidu.com: Name or service not known
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[root@localhost network-scripts]# route add default gw 192.168.0.1##加入网关
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim /etc/resolv.conf##输入dns ‘nameserver 114.114.114.114‘，这个nameserver最多可以设置三个
nameserver 114.114.114.114
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[root@localhost network-scripts]# ping baidu.com##ping个网站发现可以上网了
PING baidu.com (39.156.69.79) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 39.156.69.79 (39.156.69.79): icmp_seq=1 ttl=52 time=70.9 ms
64 bytes from 39.156.69.79 (39.156.69.79): icmp_seq=2 ttl=52 time=31.0 ms
--- baidu.com ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1001ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 31.089/51.019/70.950/19.931 ms
^C
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##上网的三要素：IP地址，网关，dns。但是上面的命令只适合当前的环境，系统网络后就又返回到原来的情况，请看下面
[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl restart network##重启网络
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ip addr##发现ip地址，网关，dns又都没有了
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:82:f7:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe82:f7e7/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 52:54:00:bd:87:59 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 52:54:00:bd:87:59 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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[root@localhost network-scripts]# route -n##没有网关
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
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[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 114.114.114.114
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##这是为什么呢，因为我们没有把我们的网络设置信息保存在ifcfg-eth0里面（记得上面的时候，我们把ifcfg-eth0里面的ip，网关，dns都注释让他失效了吗？）
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-eth0
OTPROTO=static
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
#IPADDR=192.168.0.100
#PREFIX=24
#GATEWAY=192.168.0.1
#DNS1=114.114.114.114
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`
##将注释的都取消
OTPROTO=static
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.0.100
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.0.1
DNS1=114.114.114.114
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[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl restart network
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:82:f7:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.0.100/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe82:f7e7/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 52:54:00:bd:87:59 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 52:54:00:bd:87:59 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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##这个时候我们重新启动后，发现设置依然在生效，所以想要永久的生效，就需要把网络信息写在/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts下面的iifcfg-eth0里面。这也同时和我们前面所说的相对应，linux系统是其实只是把IP地址，DNS 等等这些写到一个文件里，系统会根据文件信息，自动生成新的文件地址到各处比如上面查看dns和ip地址的位置文件，我们没有修改过他的文件，但是他的文件就随着我们ifcfg-eth0内容的修改进行改变，这个ifcfg-eth0算是网络设置的源文件，虽然 ip addr add这些指令也可以加入ip地址和网关，但是他们相当于交互的中间文件，只能支撑我们当前状态的网络信息修改，要想让网络信息从根源上一直是修改后的状态，必须在ifcfg-eth0这个网络源文件进行修改才行
##虚拟网络的设置我们设置的是桥接的模式，现在我们切换下，使用NATt模式设置下网络模式
##选择NAT模式，他会自动设置一个子网IP 192.168.190.0 如果不喜欢，我们也可以点击“DHCP设置”修改这个ip
##点击“确定”
##这两个设置好之后点击“确定”
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-eth0
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
#IPADDR=192.168.0.100
#PREFIX=24
#GATEWAY=192.168.0.1
#DNS1=114.114.114.114
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##NAT模式只需要前三项并且将原本的BOOTPROTO=static改为动态的dhcp，再将后面原本静态的设置都注释掉，让他失效
[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl restart network##重新启动网络，看我们的的设置
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ip addr##可以看到ip地址已经变为第一张图片的子网IP192.168.190.129了
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:82:f7:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.190.129/24 brd 192.168.190.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic eth0 valid_lft 1791sec preferred_lft 1791sec 3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 52:54:00:bd:87:59 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 52:54:00:bd:87:59 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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[root@localhost network-scripts]# route -n##网关也有
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.190.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
192.168.190.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 eth0
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[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat /etc/resolv.conf##dns也有
search localdomain
nameserver 192.168.190.1
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[root@localhost network-scripts]# ping baidu.com##也可以上网
PING baidu.com (39.156.69.79) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 39.156.69.79 (39.156.69.79): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=31.1 ms
64 bytes from 39.156.69.79 (39.156.69.79): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=30.4 ms
^C
--- baidu.com ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1001ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 30.469/30.825/31.182/0.397 ms
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##我们又想设置回桥接模式的话：
##上面两步设置好之后，在Linux系统输入vim ifcfg-eth0，将dhcp改为static，后面#注释的全部去掉后保存，然后再systemctl restart network，再查看ip addr发现已经变为我们静态的IP地址了，route -n，cat /etc/resov.conf ，ping baidu.com，发现都没有问题的话，就修改完成。
