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SD卡/SD nand是嵌入式开发中常为使用的大容量存储设备,SD nand虽然当前价格比SD卡高,但胜在价格、封装以及稳定性上有优势,实际操作和SD卡没什么区别。
关于 SD卡/SDnand 的驱动,有了CubeMx之后其实基本上都自动生成了对应的驱动了,基本上把驱动配置一下之后,自己写一些应用就可以完成基本的读写了,同时关于FATFS文件系统,也可以直接采用CubeMx配置,也不用自己移植,因此使用STM32开发这些还是比较爽的!不过使用过程中也有一些坑,自动生成的驱动有时候也还是有一些bug,因此还是需要大家对对应驱动有一定的了解。
本文将主要分享关于使用 CubeMx 配置 stm32 的工程,通过SDIO总线完成 SD卡/SD nand 的读写,并配置FATFS,采用文件操作实现对 SD卡/SD nand 的读写操作;此外还将分享博主在调试过程中遇到的一些问题,比如CubeMx自动生成的驱动存在的bug等,以及分享关于驱动部分的代码分析!
硬件环境:
- 主控:stm32f103vet6
- SD nand: CSNPGCR01-AOW
软件环境:
- CubeMx版本:Version 6.6.1
- 注意:当前最新版本 V6.8.0,生成的工程配置存在bug,具体细节在后文描述
SD卡槽原理图部分如下:
选择芯片,ACCESS TO MCU SELECTOR
搜索对应的芯片型号,在对应列表下方选择对应芯片
配置时钟方案,采用外部高速时钟,无源晶振方案
配置调试器,由于我采用SWD调试接口,因此选择 Serial Wrie
串行总线
配置SDIO外设,由于我们所使用的SD nand支持4线传输,因此此处选择4线宽度;如果你所使用的SD nand或SD卡不支持4线传输,此处应选择1线宽度;支持4线宽度的SD卡肯定可以使用1线宽度,因此如果你实在不知道你的SD卡支持几线宽度,你可以直接选择1线宽度!4线和1线宽度的差别也就在于速度上相差了4倍!
(注意这里暂时不需要对SDIO的参数进行配置,后面我们再回来配置!)
完成时钟树配置:
修改SDIO参数配置,主要是修改SDIOCLK的分频
SDIO Clock divider bypass
为 Disable
SDIOCLK clock divide factor
CLKDIV分频系数为 8
,这个受限于具体的SD卡支持的最大速度。如果设置值较小,可能由于SDIO_CK速度过高,SD卡/SDnand不支持,导致通讯失败,因此建议先将此值设大点(或查看SD卡/SDnand手册,或先设一个较大值,软件完成SD信息读取后再配置)勾选 FATFS
配置,选择 SD Card
配置SD卡检测引脚,有以下两种方案
方案一:选择一个输入IO,作为触发引脚
方案二:不配置输入IO,最后生成代码的时候无视警报即可,生成的代码会自动取消输入检测判断
配置调试串口,用来打印信息,此处我选择USART1,大家可根据自己硬件环境自行选择
配置工程信息
Basic
结构勾选将外设初始化放置在独立的.c
和.h
文件,这样每个外设的初始化是独立的,方便阅读移植!
生成代码
在上述CubeMx时钟配置中,外设的时钟一般都是只有一路过去,但是在此处我们会发现SDIO的时钟在时钟树中有两个!没弄清楚还会以为这是CubeMx出现bug了!
其实这是SDIO外设的特殊点,我们查看数据手册上的时钟树,便可以发现,实际上是真的有两路时钟,分别是:1)SDIOCLK;2)至SDIO的AHB接口;
之后,我们看到数据手册的SDIO章节,我们可以看到SDIO外设分为:1)AHB总线接口 和 2)SDIO适配器两大块,且使用不同的时钟,这也就是我们在时钟树配置中可以看到有两路时钟配置的原因了!
从下图我们可以知道,SDIO外设不同于其他外设,其外设模块部分与中断、DMA是分开的,并采用不同的时钟!
关于AHB总线接口及SDIO适配器更多细节,大家可自行阅读参考手册部分章节内容,此处不做赘述。
此外,关于时钟配置有一个特别需要注意的,也就是SDIO_CK时钟信号。SDIO_CK时钟,也就是我们SDIO外设与SD卡/SD nand通讯的CLK时钟,从上图我们可知,SDIO_CK时钟来自SDIO适配器,也就是来自SDIOCLK,对应CubeMX时钟配置中的:
使能 MicroLIB
微库,否则调用 printf
函数会卡住
修改编码规则为 UTF-8
,这是由于我们CubeMx中配置的FATFS的编码格式为 UTF-8导致,如果不修改为 UTF-8
则部分中文会乱码! //TODO:确认是由FATFS配置导致
添加 printf 重映射 (位置可根据自行决定)
#include <stdio.h>
int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
{
HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&ch, 1,0xffff);
return (ch);
}
HAL_SD_CardInfoTypeDef SDCardInfo; void printf_sdcard_info(void) { uint64_t CardCap; //SD卡容量 HAL_SD_CardCIDTypeDef SDCard_CID; HAL_SD_GetCardCID(&hsd,&SDCard_CID); //获取CID HAL_SD_GetCardInfo(&hsd,&SDCardInfo); //获取SD卡信息 CardCap=(uint64_t)(SDCardInfo.LogBlockNbr)*(uint64_t)(SDCardInfo.LogBlockSize); //计算SD卡容量 switch(SDCardInfo.CardType) { case CARD_SDSC: { if(SDCardInfo.CardVersion == CARD_V1_X) printf("Card Type:SDSC V1\r\n"); else if(SDCardInfo.CardVersion == CARD_V2_X) printf("Card Type:SDSC V2\r\n"); } break; case CARD_SDHC_SDXC:printf("Card Type:SDHC\r\n");break; default:break; } printf("Card ManufacturerID: %d \r\n",SDCard_CID.ManufacturerID); //制造商ID printf("CardVersion: %d \r\n",(uint32_t)(SDCardInfo.CardVersion)); //卡版本号 printf("Class: %d \r\n",(uint32_t)(SDCardInfo.Class)); //SD卡类别 printf("Card RCA(RelCardAdd):%d \r\n",SDCardInfo.RelCardAdd); //卡相对地址 printf("Card BlockNbr: %d \r\n",SDCardInfo.BlockNbr); //块数量 printf("Card BlockSize: %d \r\n",SDCardInfo.BlockSize); //块大小 printf("LogBlockNbr: %d \r\n",(uint32_t)(SDCardInfo.LogBlockNbr)); //逻辑块数量 printf("LogBlockSize: %d \r\n",(uint32_t)(SDCardInfo.LogBlockSize)); //逻辑块大小 printf("Card Capacity: %d MB\r\n",(uint32_t)(CardCap>>20)); //卡容量 }
int main(void) { /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */ BYTE send_buf[512]; DRESULT ret; /* USER CODE END 1 */ /* ...省略若干自动生成代码... */ /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */ SD_Driver.disk_initialize(0); printf_sdcard_info(); printf("\r\n\r\n********** 英文读写测试 **********\r\n"); ret = SD_Driver.disk_write(0, (BYTE *)"Life is too short to spend time with people who suck the happiness out of you. \ If someone wants you in their life, they’ll make room for you. You shouldn’t have to fight for a spot. Never, ever\ insist yourself to someone who continuously overlooks your worth. And remember, it’s not the people that stand by \ your side when you’re at your best, but the ones who stand beside you when you’re at your worst that are your true\ friends",20,2); printf("sd write result:%d\r\n", ret); ret = SD_Driver.disk_read(0, send_buf, 20, 2); printf("sd reak result:%d\r\n", ret); printf("sd read content:\r\n%s\r\n", send_buf); printf("\r\n\r\n********** 中文读写测试 **********\r\n"); ret = SD_Driver.disk_write(0, (BYTE *)"开发者社区的明天需要大家一同开源共创,期待下一次你的分享,让我们一同携手共进,推动人类科技的发展!!!\r\n\ 创作不易,转载请注明出处~\r\n\ 更多文章敬请关注:爱出名的狗腿子\r\n", 22, 2); printf("sd write result:%d\r\n", ret); ret = SD_Driver.disk_read(0, send_buf, 22, 2); printf("sd reak result:%d\r\n", ret); printf("sd read content:\r\n%s\r\n", send_buf); /* USER CODE END 2 */ while (1) { /* USER CODE END WHILE */ /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */ } /* USER CODE END 3 */ }
main.c
文件全部代码如下,供大家参考:/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */ /** ****************************************************************************** * @file : main.c * @brief : Main program body ****************************************************************************** * @attention * * Copyright (c) 2023 STMicroelectronics. * All rights reserved. * * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file * in the root directory of this software component. * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS. * ****************************************************************************** */ /* USER CODE END Header */ /* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/ #include "main.h" #include "fatfs.h" #include "sdio.h" #include "usart.h" #include "gpio.h" /* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */ #include <stdio.h> /* USER CODE END Includes */ /* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */ /* USER CODE END PTD */ /* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN PD */ /* USER CODE END PD */ /* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN PM */ /* USER CODE END PM */ /* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN PV */ /* USER CODE END PV */ /* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/ void SystemClock_Config(void); /* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */ /* USER CODE END PFP */ /* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */ HAL_SD_CardInfoTypeDef SDCardInfo; void printf_sdcard_info(void) { uint64_t CardCap; //SD卡容量 HAL_SD_CardCIDTypeDef SDCard_CID; HAL_SD_GetCardCID(&hsd,&SDCard_CID); //获取CID HAL_SD_GetCardInfo(&hsd,&SDCardInfo); //获取SD卡信息 CardCap=(uint64_t)(SDCardInfo.LogBlockNbr)*(uint64_t)(SDCardInfo.LogBlockSize); //计算SD卡容量 switch(SDCardInfo.CardType) { case CARD_SDSC: { if(SDCardInfo.CardVersion == CARD_V1_X) printf("Card Type:SDSC V1\r\n"); else if(SDCardInfo.CardVersion == CARD_V2_X) printf("Card Type:SDSC V2\r\n"); } break; case CARD_SDHC_SDXC:printf("Card Type:SDHC\r\n");break; default:break; } printf("Card ManufacturerID: %d \r\n",SDCard_CID.ManufacturerID); //制造商ID printf("CardVersion: %d \r\n",(uint32_t)(SDCardInfo.CardVersion)); //卡版本号 printf("Class: %d \r\n",(uint32_t)(SDCardInfo.Class)); //SD卡类别 printf("Card RCA(RelCardAdd):%d \r\n",SDCardInfo.RelCardAdd); //卡相对地址 printf("Card BlockNbr: %d \r\n",SDCardInfo.BlockNbr); //块数量 printf("Card BlockSize: %d \r\n",SDCardInfo.BlockSize); //块大小 printf("LogBlockNbr: %d \r\n",(uint32_t)(SDCardInfo.LogBlockNbr)); //逻辑块数量 printf("LogBlockSize: %d \r\n",(uint32_t)(SDCardInfo.LogBlockSize)); //逻辑块大小 printf("Card Capacity: %d MB\r\n",(uint32_t)(CardCap>>20)); //卡容量 } int fputc(int ch, FILE *f) { HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&ch, 1,0xffff); return (ch); } /* USER CODE END 0 */ /** * @brief The application entry point. * @retval int */ int main(void) { /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */ BYTE send_buf[512]; DRESULT ret; /* USER CODE END 1 */ /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/ /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */ HAL_Init(); /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */ /* USER CODE END Init */ /* Configure the system clock */ SystemClock_Config(); /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */ /* USER CODE END SysInit */ /* Initialize all configured peripherals */ MX_GPIO_Init(); MX_SDIO_SD_Init(); MX_USART1_UART_Init(); MX_FATFS_Init(); /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */ SD_Driver.disk_initialize(0); printf_sdcard_info(); printf("\r\n\r\n********** 英文读写测试 **********\r\n"); ret = SD_Driver.disk_write(0, (BYTE *)"Life is too short to spend time with people who suck the happiness out of you. \ If someone wants you in their life, they’ll make room for you. You shouldn’t have to fight for a spot. Never, ever\ insist yourself to someone who continuously overlooks your worth. And remember, it’s not the people that stand by \ your side when you’re at your best, but the ones who stand beside you when you’re at your worst that are your true\ friends",20,2); printf("sd write result:%d\r\n", ret); ret = SD_Driver.disk_read(0, send_buf, 20, 2); printf("sd reak result:%d\r\n", ret); printf("sd read content:\r\n%s\r\n", send_buf); printf("\r\n\r\n********** 中文读写测试 **********\r\n"); ret = SD_Driver.disk_write(0, (BYTE *)"开发者社区的明天需要大家一同开源共创,期待下一次你的分享,让我们一同携手共进,推动人类科技的发展!!!\r\n\ 创作不易,转载请注明出处~\r\n\ 更多文章敬请关注:爱出名的狗腿子\r\n", 22, 2); printf("sd write result:%d\r\n", ret); ret = SD_Driver.disk_read(0, send_buf, 22, 2); printf("sd reak result:%d\r\n", ret); printf("sd read content:\r\n%s\r\n", send_buf); /* USER CODE END 2 */ /* Infinite loop */ /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */ while (1) { /* USER CODE END WHILE */ /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */ } /* USER CODE END 3 */ } /** * @brief System Clock Configuration * @retval None */ void SystemClock_Config(void) { RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0}; RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0}; /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure. */ RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE; RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON; RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1; RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON; RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON; RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE; RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9; if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK) { Error_Handler(); } /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks */ RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2; RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK; RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1; RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2; RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1; if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK) { Error_Handler(); } } /* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */ /* USER CODE END 4 */ /** * @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence. * @retval None */ void Error_Handler(void) { /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */ /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */ __disable_irq(); while (1) { } /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */ } #ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT /** * @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number * where the assert_param error has occurred. * @param file: pointer to the source file name * @param line: assert_param error line source number * @retval None */ void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line) { /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */ /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number, ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */ /* USER CODE END 6 */ } #endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
移植了FATFS,当然也就可以只用通用的文件系统操作函数完成文件的读写,通用的文件系统操作API 在 ff.c
文件内,声明在 ff.h
文件内,主要使用的API接口如下:
FRESULT f_open (FIL* fp, const TCHAR* path, BYTE mode); /* Open or create a file */ FRESULT f_close (FIL* fp); /* Close an open file object */ FRESULT f_read (FIL* fp, void* buff, UINT btr, UINT* br); /* Read data from a file */ FRESULT f_write (FIL* fp, const void* buff, UINT btw, UINT* bw); /* Write data to a file */ FRESULT f_forward (FIL* fp, UINT(*func)(const BYTE*,UINT), UINT btf, UINT* bf); /* Forward data to the stream */ FRESULT f_lseek (FIL* fp, DWORD ofs); /* Move file pointer of a file object */ FRESULT f_truncate (FIL* fp); /* Truncate file */ FRESULT f_sync (FIL* fp); /* Flush cached data of a writing file */ FRESULT f_opendir (DIR* dp, const TCHAR* path); /* Open a directory */ FRESULT f_closedir (DIR* dp); /* Close an open directory */ FRESULT f_readdir (DIR* dp, FILINFO* fno); /* Read a directory item */ FRESULT f_findfirst (DIR* dp, FILINFO* fno, const TCHAR* path, const TCHAR* pattern); /* Find first file */ FRESULT f_findnext (DIR* dp, FILINFO* fno); /* Find next file */ FRESULT f_mkdir (const TCHAR* path); /* Create a sub directory */ FRESULT f_unlink (const TCHAR* path); /* Delete an existing file or directory */ FRESULT f_rename (const TCHAR* path_old, const TCHAR* path_new); /* Rename/Move a file or directory */ FRESULT f_stat (const TCHAR* path, FILINFO* fno); /* Get file status */ FRESULT f_chmod (const TCHAR* path, BYTE attr, BYTE mask); /* Change attribute of the file/dir */ FRESULT f_utime (const TCHAR* path, const FILINFO* fno); /* Change times-tamp of the file/dir */ FRESULT f_chdir (const TCHAR* path); /* Change current directory */ FRESULT f_chdrive (const TCHAR* path); /* Change current drive */ FRESULT f_getcwd (TCHAR* buff, UINT len); /* Get current directory */ FRESULT f_getfree (const TCHAR* path, DWORD* nclst, FATFS** fatfs); /* Get number of free clusters on the drive */ FRESULT f_getlabel (const TCHAR* path, TCHAR* label, DWORD* vsn); /* Get volume label */ FRESULT f_setlabel (const TCHAR* label); /* Set volume label */ FRESULT f_mount (FATFS* fs, const TCHAR* path, BYTE opt); /* Mount/Unmount a logical drive */ FRESULT f_mkfs (const TCHAR* path, BYTE sfd, UINT au); /* Create a file system on the volume */ FRESULT f_fdisk (BYTE pdrv, const DWORD szt[], void* work); /* Divide a physical drive into some partitions */ int f_putc (TCHAR c, FIL* fp); /* Put a character to the file */ int f_puts (const TCHAR* str, FIL* cp); /* Put a string to the file */ int f_printf (FIL* fp, const TCHAR* str, ...); /* Put a formatted string to the file */ TCHAR* f_gets (TCHAR* buff, int len, FIL* fp); /* Get a string from the file */
关于API的使用此处不做过多赘述,大家可以自行上官网查阅 FATFS官网,或者网上搜索,或直接看下述示例亦可。
修改3.2.1章节所使用的读写测试代码,此处我们直接使用FATFS文件系统的读写函数接口,修改主函数如下,注意需要包含fatfs.h
头文件!
#include "fatfs.h" int main() { /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */ #define USERPath "0:/" BYTE write_buf[] = "\r\n\r\n\ hello world!\r\n\ 开发者社区的明天需要大家一同开源共创,期待下一次你的分享,让我们一同携手共进,推动人类科技的发展!!!\r\n\ 创作不易,转载请注明出处~\r\n\ 更多文章敬请关注:爱出名的狗腿子\r\n\r\n\ "; BYTE read_buf[1024] = {0}; UINT num; FRESULT ret; /* USER CODE END 1 */ /* ... 省略初始化代码... */ /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */ /* 挂载文件系统,挂载的时候会完成对应硬件设备(SD卡/SDnand)初始化 */ ret = f_mount(&SDFatFS, USERPath, 1); if (ret != FR_OK) { printf("f_mount error!\r\n"); goto mount_error; } else if(ret == FR_NO_FILESYSTEM) { /* 检测是否存在文件系统,如果没有则进行格式化 */ printf("未检测到FATFS文件系统,执行格式化...\r\n"); ret = f_mkfs(USERPath, 0, 0); if(ret == FR_OK) { printf("格式化成功!\r\n"); f_mount(NULL, USERPath, 1); /* 先取消挂载,后重新挂载 */ ret = f_mount(&SDFatFS, USERPath, 1); } else { printf("格式化失败!\r\n"); goto mount_error; } } else { printf("f_mount success!\r\n"); } /* 读写测试 */ printf("\r\n ========== write test ==========\r\n"); ret = f_open(&SDFile, "hello.txt", FA_CREATE_ALWAYS | FA_WRITE); if(ret == FR_OK) { printf("open file sucess!\r\n"); ret = f_write(&SDFile, write_buf, sizeof(write_buf), &num); if(ret == FR_OK) { printf("write \"%s\" success!\r\nwrite len:%d\r\n", write_buf, num); } else { printf("write error! ret:%d \r\n", ret); goto rw_error; } f_close(&SDFile); } else { printf("open file error!\r\n"); goto rw_error; } printf("\r\n ========== read test ==========\r\n"); ret = f_open(&SDFile, "hello.txt",FA_OPEN_EXISTING | FA_READ); if(ret == FR_OK) { printf("open file sucess!\r\n"); ret = f_read(&SDFile, read_buf, sizeof(read_buf), &num); if(ret == FR_OK) { printf("read data:\"%s\"!\r\nread len:%d\r\n", read_buf, num); } else { printf("read error! ret:%d \r\n", ret); goto rw_error; } } else { printf("open file error!\r\n"); goto rw_error; } rw_error: f_close(&SDFile); mount_error: f_mount(NULL, USERPath, 1); /* USER CODE END 2 */ while (1) { } }
#define USERPath "0:/"
表示挂载的位置,这是由于FATFS初始化的时候链接的根目录为 0:/
,所以挂载的文件系统需要在此目录下,当然也可以是此目录下的路径,如0:/hello
,但不能是其他目录,如 1:/
测试结果如下:
main.c
完整内容如下:
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */ /** ****************************************************************************** * @file : main.c * @brief : Main program body ****************************************************************************** * @attention * * Copyright (c) 2023 STMicroelectronics. * All rights reserved. * * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file * in the root directory of this software component. * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS. * ****************************************************************************** */ /* USER CODE END Header */ /* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/ #include "main.h" #include "fatfs.h" #include "sdio.h" #include "usart.h" #include "gpio.h" /* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */ #include <stdio.h> #include "fatfs.h" /* USER CODE END Includes */ /* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */ /* USER CODE END PTD */ /* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN PD */ /* USER CODE END PD */ /* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN PM */ /* USER CODE END PM */ /* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN PV */ /* USER CODE END PV */ /* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/ void SystemClock_Config(void); /* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */ /* USER CODE END PFP */ /* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */ HAL_SD_CardInfoTypeDef SDCardInfo; void printf_sdcard_info(void) { uint64_t CardCap; //SD卡容釿 HAL_SD_CardCIDTypeDef SDCard_CID; HAL_SD_GetCardCID(&hsd,&SDCard_CID); //获取CID HAL_SD_GetCardInfo(&hsd,&SDCardInfo); //获取SD卡信恿 CardCap=(uint64_t)(SDCardInfo.LogBlockNbr)*(uint64_t)(SDCardInfo.LogBlockSize); //计算SD卡容釿 switch(SDCardInfo.CardType) { case CARD_SDSC: { if(SDCardInfo.CardVersion == CARD_V1_X) printf("Card Type:SDSC V1\r\n"); else if(SDCardInfo.CardVersion == CARD_V2_X) printf("Card Type:SDSC V2\r\n"); } break; case CARD_SDHC_SDXC:printf("Card Type:SDHC\r\n");break; default:break; } printf("Card ManufacturerID: %d \r\n",SDCard_CID.ManufacturerID); //制鿠商ID printf("CardVersion: %d \r\n",(uint32_t)(SDCardInfo.CardVersion)); //卡版本号 printf("Class: %d \r\n",(uint32_t)(SDCardInfo.Class)); //SD卡类刿 printf("Card RCA(RelCardAdd):%d \r\n",SDCardInfo.RelCardAdd); //卡相对地坿 printf("Card BlockNbr: %d \r\n",SDCardInfo.BlockNbr); //块数釿 printf("Card BlockSize: %d \r\n",SDCardInfo.BlockSize); //块大尿 printf("LogBlockNbr: %d \r\n",(uint32_t)(SDCardInfo.LogBlockNbr)); //逻辑块数釿 printf("LogBlockSize: %d \r\n",(uint32_t)(SDCardInfo.LogBlockSize)); //逻辑块大尿 printf("Card Capacity: %d MB\r\n",(uint32_t)(CardCap>>20)); //卡容釿 } int fputc(int ch, FILE *f) { HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&ch, 1,0xffff); return (ch); } /* USER CODE END 0 */ /** * @brief The application entry point. * @retval int */ int main(void) { /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */ #define USERPath "0:/" BYTE write_buf[] = "\r\n\r\n\ hello world!\r\n\ 开发者社区的明天需要大家一同开源共创,期待下一次你的分享,让我们一同携手共进,推动人类科技的发展!!!\r\n\ 创作不易,转载请注明出处~\r\n\ 更多文章敬请关注:爱出名的狗腿子\r\n\r\n\ "; BYTE read_buf[1024] = {0}; UINT num; FRESULT ret; /* USER CODE END 1 */ /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/ /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */ HAL_Init(); /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */ /* USER CODE END Init */ /* Configure the system clock */ SystemClock_Config(); /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */ /* USER CODE END SysInit */ /* Initialize all configured peripherals */ MX_GPIO_Init(); MX_SDIO_SD_Init(); MX_USART1_UART_Init(); MX_FATFS_Init(); /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */ /* 挂载文件系统,挂载的时候会完成对应硬件设备(SD卡/SDnand)初始化 */ ret = f_mount(&SDFatFS, USERPath, 1); if (ret != FR_OK) { printf("f_mount error!\r\n"); goto mount_error; } else if(ret == FR_NO_FILESYSTEM) { /* 检测是否存在文件系统,如果没有则进行格式化 */ printf("未检测到FATFS文件系统,执行格式化...\r\n"); ret = f_mkfs(USERPath, 0, 0); if(ret == FR_OK) { printf("格式化成功!\r\n"); f_mount(NULL, USERPath, 1); /* 先取消挂载,后重新挂载 */ ret = f_mount(&SDFatFS, USERPath, 1); } else { printf("格式化失败!\r\n"); goto mount_error; } } else { printf("f_mount success!\r\n"); } /* 读写测试 */ printf("\r\n ========== write test ==========\r\n"); ret = f_open(&SDFile, "hello.txt", FA_CREATE_ALWAYS | FA_WRITE); if(ret == FR_OK) { printf("open file sucess!\r\n"); ret = f_write(&SDFile, write_buf, sizeof(write_buf), &num); if(ret == FR_OK) { printf("write \"%s\" success!\r\nwrite len:%d\r\n", write_buf, num); } else { printf("write error! ret:%d \r\n", ret); goto rw_error; } f_close(&SDFile); } else { printf("open file error!\r\n"); goto rw_error; } printf("\r\n ========== read test ==========\r\n"); ret = f_open(&SDFile, "hello.txt",FA_OPEN_EXISTING | FA_READ); if(ret == FR_OK) { printf("open file sucess!\r\n"); ret = f_read(&SDFile, read_buf, sizeof(read_buf), &num); if(ret == FR_OK) { printf("read data:\"%s\"!\r\nread len:%d\r\n", read_buf, num); } else { printf("read error! ret:%d \r\n", ret); goto rw_error; } } else { printf("open file error!\r\n"); goto rw_error; } rw_error: f_close(&SDFile); mount_error: f_mount(NULL, USERPath, 1); /* USER CODE END 2 */ /* Infinite loop */ /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */ while (1) { /* USER CODE END WHILE */ /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */ } /* USER CODE END 3 */ } /** * @brief System Clock Configuration * @retval None */ void SystemClock_Config(void) { RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0}; RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0}; /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure. */ RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE; RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON; RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1; RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON; RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON; RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE; RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9; if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK) { Error_Handler(); } /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks */ RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2; RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK; RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1; RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2; RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1; if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK) { Error_Handler(); } } /* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */ /* USER CODE END 4 */ /** * @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence. * @retval None */ void Error_Handler(void) { /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */ /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */ __disable_irq(); while (1) { } /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */ } #ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT /** * @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number * where the assert_param error has occurred. * @param file: pointer to the source file name * @param line: assert_param error line source number * @retval None */ void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line) { /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */ /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number, ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */ /* USER CODE END 6 */ } #endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
测试发现,使用CubeMx当前最新版本:V6.8.0版本,生成代码会存在以下问题:
经过仔细分析代码后发现,出现的问题在 MX_SDIO_SD_Init()
此初始化函数内的配置项错误导致,具体分析如下:
我们在CubeMx里面配置的时候选择的是4线宽度模式 SD 4bit Wide bus
v6.8.0版本CubeMx生成的 MX_SDIO_SD_Init()
SD初始化函数内,hsd.Init.BusWide = SDIO_BUS_WIDE_4B;
看上去没有什么问题,配置4线模式,对应的初始化项也使用4线模式,但是不然,我们继续分析 MX_SDIO_SD_Init()
此初始配置的调用
MX_SDIO_SD_Init()
此函数在main函数内初始化的时候调用,此函数只配置了 hsd
结构体,并未配置给SDIO硬件寄存器
之后调用 SD_Driver.disk_initialize(0);
函数的时候才真正开始进行SDIO外设配置
BSP_SD_Init()
->HAL_SD_Init()
->HAL_SD_InitCard()
在 HAL_SD_InitCard()
函数内使用Init
结构体配置SDIO外设,总线宽度1bit,时钟速度<400k,以进行卡片的初始化识别。
-> SD_InitCard()
-> SDIO_Init(hsd->Instance, hsd->Init)
-> SDMMC_CmdBlockLength(hsd->Instance, BLOCKSIZE)
· 在 SD_InitCard()
函数内实现SD卡的初始化识别,之后调用 SDIO_Init()
将 MX_SDIO_SD_Init()
内对 hsd
的配置配置给SDIO外设,此处的作用主要是提升SDIO外设时钟速率为我们配置的速率;
· v6.8.0版本的代码此时hsd.Init.BusWide = SDIO_BUS_WIDE_4B;
,因此v6.8.0版本代码后续SDIO外设使用4线通讯;
· 之后调用 SDMMC_CmdBlockLength()
设置块大小,由于SDIO外设已切换到4线模式,而SD卡/SDnand此时仍然处于1线模式,因此配置会出错
-> HAL_SD_ConfigWideBusOperation(&hsd, SDIO_BUS_WIDE_4B)
根据前面获取到的SD卡SCR寄存器值,判断是否支持4线模式,如果支持则发送配置命令通知SD卡/SDnand进入4线模式,之后修改SDIO外设总线宽度为4线模式
通过以上分析可知,MX_SDIO_SD_Init()
函数内对 hsd.Init.BusWide = SDIO_BUS_WIDE_4B;
的配置会导致对SD卡块大小的配置失败,从而导致后续读写时失败,报错为块大小设置失败!
综上,针对当前最新版本 V6.8.0 版本CubeMx的处理方法是:手动修改此 hsd.Init.BusWide
配置为 SDIO_BUS_WIDE_1B
或更换低版本CubeMx,本人更换V6.6.1版本后无此bug。
使用CubeMx配置FATFS 选择 SD Card 之后,有一个配置参数,用来配置SD Card的输入检测引脚。如果我们在硬件上有设计SD卡的卡槽插入检测引脚插入连接到了MCU的IO,则可配置对应IO为输入模式,并设置对应IO为输入检测引脚,比如,我们设置PD12为输入检测引脚,则配置如下:
对应代码如下,输入检测 IO 低电平有效!
如果硬件上,没有此插入检测引脚,则可以在CubeMx内不进行配置,只是在生成代码的时候会提示警报而已,可以不用关心,生成的代码项会自动屏蔽插入检测!
以上便是本文的全部内容了,欢迎大家评论区留言讨论!
关于SD卡/SD nand的其他有关技术文章,推荐大家关注:SD nand专栏(点击跳转!!!)
使用CubeMx虽然能帮助我们快速生成驱动,但是对于SD卡/SD nand的驱动流程,我们还是需要有清晰的认识,推荐阅读: SD Nand 与 SD卡 SDIO模式应用流程(点击跳转!!!)
开发者社区的明天需要大家一同开源共创,期待下一次你的分享,让我们一同携手共进,推动人类科技的发展!!!
创作不易,转载请注明出处~
更多文章敬请关注:爱出名的狗腿子(点击跳转!!!)
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