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基于MongoDB的空间数据存储与查询_mongodb 空间查询

作者：我家自动化 | 2024-04-28 19:44:23

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mongodb 空间查询

一、概念说明

1.1 空间地理数据


MongoDB 中使用 GeoJSON对象 或 坐标对 描述空间地理数据。MongoDB使用 WGS84 参考系进行地理空间数据查询。
1、MongoDB支持空间数据的存储，数据类型需要限制为GeoJSON;
2、MongoDB可以为GeoJSON类型数据建立索引，提升空间查询的效率；

1.2 GeoJSON对象


GeoJSON 对象格式

  1.  
  2. <field>: { type: <GeoJSON type> , coordinates: <coordinates> }

GeoJSON 对象有两个filed,分别是 type 和 coordinates.其中,

  • type 指明是哪种空间地理数据类型

  • coordinates: 是描述 Geo对象的坐标数组,经度在前(经度取值范围 -180到 180),纬度在后(纬度取值范围是-90到90

二、功能演示操作

2.1 准备环境与初始数据


2.1.1、使用SpringBoot 和 MongoTemplate操作
增加MongoDB连接配置

  1. spring:
  2.      data:
  3.         # MongoDB配置
  4.         mongodb:
  5.           uri: mongodb://usr:usrpassword@192.168.xx.xx:27017/
  6.           database: filedata
  7.           authentication-database: admin
  8.           #自动创建索引
  9.           auto-index-creation: true
  10.           connections-num-min-size: 5
  11.           connections-num-max-size: 10

2.1.2、创建GeoData对象存储空间数据

  1. @Data
  2. @ApiModel
  3. @Document(collection = "GEO-DATA")
  4. public class GeoData {
  5.  
  6.     @ApiModelProperty(name = "_id",value = "_id")
  7.     private String _id;
  8.  
  9.     @ApiModelProperty(name = "recordId",value = "recordId")
  10.     private String recordId;
  11.  
  12.     @ApiModelProperty(name = "name",value = "名称")
  13.     private String name;
  14.  
  15.     /** 经度 */
  16.     @ApiModelProperty(name = "lng",value = "经度")
  17.     private Double lng;
  18.  
  19.     /** 维度 */
  20.     @ApiModelProperty(name = "lat",value = "维度")
  21.     private Double lat;
  22.  
  23.     /**
  24.      * 位置信息
  25.      */
  26.     @ApiModelProperty(name = "location",value = "位置信息", hidden = true)
  27.     private GeoJsonPoint location;
  28.      
  29.     @ApiModelProperty(name = "time",value = "录入时间")
  30.     private Long time;
  31. }

2.1.3、增加集合GEO-DATA并创建对应的空间索引

db.getCollection("GEO-DATA").ensureIndex( { location :"2dsphere" } )

2.1.4、创建测试类MongoGeoTest

  1. @Slf4j
  2. @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
  3. @SpringBootTest(classes = Application.class, webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
  4. public class MongoGeoTest {
  5.  
  6.     @Autowired
  7.     private MongoTemplate mongoTemplate;
  8.      
  9. }

2.1.5、增加批量插入数据的方法

  1.  
  2. /**
  3.  * 批量插入数据
  4.  */
  5. public void batchInsertData() {
  6.     //准备数据
  7.     List<GeoData> geoDataList = new ArrayList<>();
  8.     for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
  9.         GeoData geoData = new GeoData();
  10.         geoData.setRecordId(UUID.fastUUID().toString(Boolean.TRUE));
  11.         geoData.setName(RandomUtil.randomNumbers(12));
  12.         geoData.setTime(new Date().getTime());
  13.         //经度
  14.         double lng = 116.3180D + RandomUtil.randomDouble(0.1d, 1.0d);
  15.         geoData.setLng(lng);
  16.         //维度
  17.         double lat = 39.9857D + RandomUtil.randomDouble(0.1d, 1.0d);
  18.         geoData.setLat(lat);
  19.         geoData.setLocation(new GeoJsonPoint(lng, lat));
  20.         geoDataList.add(geoData);
  21.     }
  22.     //保存数据
  23.     Long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
  24.     mongoTemplate.insert(geoDataList, "GEO-DATA");
  25.     log.info("Mongo save documents to GEO-DATA 耗时：{} 毫秒", System.currentTimeMillis() - start);
  26. }

2.2 多边形区域内查询


2.2.1、创建查询参数类MultiPositionPageQueryParam

  1. @Data
  2. @ApiModel
  3. public class MultiPositionPageQueryParam {
  4.  
  5.     @ApiModelProperty(name = "positions",value = "位置集合")
  6.     private List<BDSPosition> positions;
  7.  
  8.     @ApiModelProperty(name = "geoType", value = "类型: 1-多点（位置）查询；2-面（区域）查询")
  9.     private Integer geoType;
  10.  
  11.     @NotNull
  12.     @ApiModelProperty(name = "pageNum",value = "pageNum 起始数字为 0")
  13.     private Long pageNum;
  14.  
  15.     @NotNull
  16.     @ApiModelProperty(name = "pageSize",value = "pageSize")
  17.     private Long pageSize;
  18.  
  19.     @ApiModelProperty(name = "needCount",value = "是否需要统计总记录数")
  20.     private Boolean needCount = Boolean.FALSE;
  21. }

2.2.2、增加多边形区域查询方法

  1. /**
  2.  * 多边形区域内
  3.  *
  4.  * @param queryParam
  5.  */
  6. public void queryGeoDataByMultiPositionPageQueryParam(MultiPositionPageQueryParam queryParam) {
  7.     Query query = new Query();
  8.     Criteria criteria = new Criteria();
  9.     List<Criteria> criteriaList = new LinkedList<>();
  10.     //过滤字段
  11.     query.fields().include("recordId", "_id", "name", "time", "lng", "lat", "location");
  12.     //位置集合过滤
  13.     if (ObjectUtil.isNotNull(queryParam.getPositions()) && queryParam.getPositions().size() > 0) {
  14.         // 类型: 1-多点（位置）查询；2-面（区域）查询
  15.         if (ObjectUtil.isNotNull(queryParam.getGeoType()) && queryParam.getGeoType() == 2 && queryParam.getPositions().size() > 2) {
  16.             List<Point> pointList = new LinkedList<>();
  17.             //经纬度获取
  18.             for (BDSPosition position : queryParam.getPositions()) {
  19.                 Point point = new Point(position.getLng(), position.getLat());
  20.                 pointList.add(point);
  21.             }
  22.             pointList.add(pointList.get(0));
  23.             GeoJsonPolygon geoJsonPolygon = new GeoJsonPolygon(pointList);
  24.             Criteria areaCriteria = Criteria.where("location").within(geoJsonPolygon);
  25.             query.addCriteria(areaCriteria);
  26.             criteriaList.add(areaCriteria);
  27.         } else {
  28.             List<Criteria> orCriteriaList = new LinkedList<>();
  29.             //经纬度判断
  30.             for (BDSPosition position : queryParam.getPositions()) {
  31.                 orCriteriaList.add(Criteria.where("lng").is(position.getLng()).and("lat").is(position.getLat()));
  32.             }
  33.             Criteria orPositionCriteria = new Criteria().orOperator(orCriteriaList);
  34.             query.addCriteria(orPositionCriteria);
  35.             criteriaList.add(orPositionCriteria);
  36.         }
  37.     }
  38.     //总记录数统计
  39.     Long total = null;
  40.     if (queryParam.getNeedCount()) {
  41.         total = mongoTemplate.findDistinct(query, "recordId", "GEO-DATA", String.class).stream().count();
  42.     }
  43.     //排序
  44.     List<Sort.Order> orders = new LinkedList<>();
  45.     orders.add(Sort.Order.desc("time"));
  46.     AggregationOptions aggregationOptions = AggregationOptions.builder().allowDiskUse(Boolean.TRUE).build();
  47.     Aggregation aggregation = null;
  48.     if (criteriaList.size() > 0) {
  49.         criteria = criteria.andOperator(criteriaList);
  50.         aggregation = Aggregation.newAggregation(
  51.                 Aggregation.project("recordId", "_id", "name", "time", "lng", "lat", "location"),
  52.                 //查询条件
  53.                 Aggregation.match(criteria),
  54.                 //分组条件
  55.                 Aggregation.group("recordId").max("time").as("time")
  56.                         .first("recordId").as("recordId")
  57.                         .last("time").as("time"),
  58.                 Aggregation.sort(Sort.by(orders)),
  59.                 //分页条件
  60.                 Aggregation.skip(queryParam.getPageNum()),
  61.                 Aggregation.limit(queryParam.getPageSize())
  62.         ).withOptions(aggregationOptions);
  63.     } else {
  64.         aggregation = Aggregation.newAggregation(
  65.                 Aggregation.project("recordId", "_id", "name", "time", "lng", "lat", "location"),
  66.                 //分组条件
  67.                 Aggregation.group("recordId").max("time").as("time")
  68.                         .first("recordId").as("recordId")
  69.                         .first("time").as("time"),
  70.                 Aggregation.sort(Sort.by(orders)),
  71.                 //分页条件
  72.                 Aggregation.skip(queryParam.getPageNum()),
  73.                 Aggregation.limit(queryParam.getPageSize())
  74.         ).withOptions(aggregationOptions);
  75.     }
  76.     List<GeoData> list = mongoTemplate.aggregate(aggregation, "GEO-DATA", GeoData.class).getMappedResults();
  77.     log.info("Data: {}", list);
  78. }

2.3 圆形区域内查询

2.3.1、创建查询参数类CirclePageQueryParam

  1. @Data
  2. @ApiModel
  3. public class CirclePageQueryParam {
  4.     @NotNull
  5.     @ApiModelProperty(name = "lng", value = "经度")
  6.     private Double lng;
  7.  
  8.     @NotNull
  9.     @ApiModelProperty(name = "lat", value = "维度")
  10.     private Double lat;
  11.  
  12.     @NotNull
  13.     @ApiModelProperty(name = "radius", value = "半径")
  14.     private Double radius;
  15.  
  16.     @NotNull
  17.     @ApiModelProperty(name = "pageNum",value = "pageNum 起始数字为 0")
  18.     private Long pageNum;
  19.  
  20.     @NotNull
  21.     @ApiModelProperty(name = "pageSize",value = "pageSize")
  22.     private Long pageSize;
  23.  
  24.     @ApiModelProperty(name = "needCount",value = "是否需要统计总记录数")
  25.     private Boolean needCount = Boolean.FALSE;
  26. }

2.3.2、增加圆形区域查询方法

  1. /**
  2.  * 圆形区域内查询
  3.  * @param queryParam
  4.  */
  5. public void queryGeoDataByCircle(CirclePageQueryParam queryParam) {
  6.     Query query = new Query();
  7.     Criteria criteria = new Criteria();
  8.     List<Criteria> criteriaList = new LinkedList<>();
  9.     //过滤字段
  10.     query.fields().include("recordId", "_id", "name", "time", "lng", "lat", "location");
  11.     //位置集合过滤
  12.     if (ObjectUtil.isNotNull(queryParam.getLat()) && ObjectUtil.isNotNull(queryParam.getLng())
  13.             && ObjectUtil.isNotNull(queryParam.getRadius())) {
  14.         Point point = new Point(queryParam.getLng(), queryParam.getLat());
  15.         Distance distance = new Distance(queryParam.getRadius(), Metrics.MILES);
  16.         Circle circle = new Circle(point, distance);
  17.  
  18.         Criteria areaCriteria = Criteria.where("location").withinSphere(circle);
  19.         query.addCriteria(areaCriteria);
  20.         criteriaList.add(areaCriteria);
  21.     }else{
  22.         log.info("参数有误，必要参数为空。");
  23.         return;
  24.     }
  25.     //总记录数统计
  26.     Long total = null;
  27.     if (queryParam.getNeedCount()) {
  28.         total = mongoTemplate.findDistinct(query, "recordId", "GEO-DATA", String.class).stream().count();
  29.     }
  30.     //排序
  31.     List<Sort.Order> orders = new LinkedList<>();
  32.     orders.add(Sort.Order.desc("time"));
  33.     AggregationOptions aggregationOptions = AggregationOptions.builder().allowDiskUse(Boolean.TRUE).build();
  34.     Aggregation aggregation = null;
  35.     if (criteriaList.size() > 0) {
  36.         criteria = criteria.andOperator(criteriaList);
  37.         aggregation = Aggregation.newAggregation(
  38.                 Aggregation.project("recordId", "_id", "name", "time", "lng", "lat", "location"),
  39.                 //查询条件
  40.                 Aggregation.match(criteria),
  41.                 //分组条件
  42.                 Aggregation.group("recordId").max("time").as("time")
  43.                         .first("recordId").as("recordId")
  44.                         .last("time").as("time"),
  45.                 Aggregation.sort(Sort.by(orders)),
  46.                 //分页条件
  47.                 Aggregation.skip(queryParam.getPageNum()),
  48.                 Aggregation.limit(queryParam.getPageSize())
  49.         ).withOptions(aggregationOptions);
  50.     } else {
  51.         aggregation = Aggregation.newAggregation(
  52.                 Aggregation.project("recordId", "_id", "name", "time", "lng", "lat", "location"),
  53.                 //分组条件
  54.                 Aggregation.group("recordId").max("time").as("time")
  55.                         .first("recordId").as("recordId")
  56.                         .first("time").as("time"),
  57.                 Aggregation.sort(Sort.by(orders)),
  58.                 //分页条件
  59.                 Aggregation.skip(queryParam.getPageNum()),
  60.                 Aggregation.limit(queryParam.getPageSize())
  61.         ).withOptions(aggregationOptions);
  62.     }
  63.     List<GeoData> list = mongoTemplate.aggregate(aggregation, "GEO-DATA", GeoData.class).getMappedResults();
  64.     log.info("Data: {}", list);
  65. }

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