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程序员必修课--sql思维举重训练

作者：我家自动化 | 2024-05-02 11:51:21

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sql逻辑思维训练

写sql是程序员基本功课,找工作面试一般必有sql题,实际工作中对sql的需求更是千变万化,所以掌握好sql对于一个程序员来说是件非常重要的事情.本文通过一个简单易懂的关系(学生/课程/成绩关系)尽量构造出各种各样的需求来提高我们写sql的功底,其中有些sql还是有一些难度的,大多数sql我都给出了思考思路,希望本人N天的劳动成果对您有所帮助.

限于本人水平有限,有些地方的sql写的并不完美,希望大家不吝赐教.最后提一点小小的要求,希望大家对本文积极进行评论,大家的评论是我改进和提高的动力,我希望在和大家的交流中得到提高.

表关系:



建表和初始化sql(本例子使用oralce数据库):

  1. --创建表
  2. create table T_STUDENT(sno NUMBER not null,  sname VARCHAR2(30),  sdree VARCHAR2(50),  sage  NUMBER,  ssex  CHAR(2));
  3. alter table T_STUDENT add primary key (SNO);
  4. create table T_SCORE(sno   NUMBER,  cno   NUMBER,  grade NUMBER(4,1), tno NUMBER,  id NUMBER not null);
  5. alter table T_SCORE add primary key (ID);
  6. create table T_COURSE(cno NUMBER not null,  cname VARCHAR2(30));
  7. alter table T_COURSE add primary key (CNO);
  8.  
  9. --初始化学生表
  10. insert into T_STUDENT (SNO, SNAME, SDREE, SAGE, SSEX) values (1, '李坤', '天融信', 26, '男');
  11. insert into T_STUDENT (SNO, SNAME, SDREE, SAGE, SSEX) values (2, '曹贵生', '中银', 26, '男');
  12. insert into T_STUDENT (SNO, SNAME, SDREE, SAGE, SSEX) values (3, '柳波', '买卖宝', 27, '男');
  13. insert into T_STUDENT (SNO, SNAME, SDREE, SAGE, SSEX) values (4, '纪争光', 'IBM', 23, '男');
  14. insert into T_STUDENT (SNO, SNAME, SDREE, SAGE, SSEX) values (5, '李学宇', '微软', 25, '女');
  15. insert into T_STUDENT (SNO, SNAME, SDREE, SAGE, SSEX) values (6, '李雪琪', '文思创新', 25, '女');
  16. insert into T_STUDENT (SNO, SNAME, SDREE, SAGE, SSEX) values (7, '陈绪', '中海油', 26, '男');
  17. insert into T_STUDENT (SNO, SNAME, SDREE, SAGE, SSEX) values (8, '韩正阳', '中海油', 24, '男');
  18. insert into T_STUDENT (SNO, SNAME, SDREE, SAGE, SSEX) values (9, '陈伟东', '中核', 24, '男');
  19. insert into T_STUDENT (SNO, SNAME, SDREE, SAGE, SSEX) values (10, '刘兵', '优酷', 24, '男');
  20. insert into T_STUDENT (SNO, SNAME, SDREE, SAGE, SSEX) values (11, '丁成云', '联想', 25, '女');
  21. insert into T_STUDENT (SNO, SNAME, SDREE, SAGE, SSEX) values (12, '王鹏', '中兴', 25, '男');
  22. commit;
  23.  
  24. --初始化课程表
  25. insert into T_COURSE (CNO, CNAME) values (1, 'JAVA程序设计');
  26. insert into T_COURSE (CNO, CNAME) values (2, 'ORACLE开发');
  27. insert into T_COURSE (CNO, CNAME) values (3, 'C++程序设计');
  28. insert into T_COURSE (CNO, CNAME) values (4, 'C#程序设计');
  29. insert into T_COURSE (CNO, CNAME) values (5, 'Windows实战');
  30. insert into T_COURSE (CNO, CNAME) values (6, 'Center OS教程');
  31. insert into T_COURSE (CNO, CNAME) values (7, 'Jsp/Servlet开发');
  32. insert into T_COURSE (CNO, CNAME) values (8, 'J2EE从入门到精通');
  33. insert into T_COURSE (CNO, CNAME) values (9, 'EJB及设计模式');
  34. insert into T_COURSE (CNO, CNAME) values (10, 'Javascript/jQuery实战');
  35. insert into T_COURSE (CNO, CNAME) values (11, 'Flash设计');
  36. insert into T_COURSE (CNO, CNAME) values (12, 'HTML/CSS/JAVASCRIPT实战');
  37. insert into T_COURSE (CNO, CNAME) values (13, '精通ASP.NET');
  38. insert into T_COURSE (CNO, CNAME) values (14, 'JBoss入门');
  39. insert into T_COURSE (CNO, CNAME) values (15, 'Spring开发');
  40. commit;
  41.  
  42. --初始化成绩表
  43. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (1, 2, 90.0, 2, 1);
  44. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (1, 3, 80.0, 3, 2);
  45. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (1, 4, 90.0, 4, 3);
  46. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (11, 2, 70.0, 2, 4);
  47. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (2, 11, 66.0, 11, 5);
  48. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (2, 15, 77.0, 15, 6);
  49. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (2, 8, 87.0, 8, 7);
  50. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (2, 6, 96.0, 6, 8);
  51. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (3, 2, 89.0, 2, 9);
  52. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (3, 1, 91.0, 1, 10);
  53. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (4, 2, 83.0, 2, 11);
  54. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (5, 4, 73.0, 4, 12);
  55. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (5, 1, 60.0, 1, 13);
  56. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (5, 8, 82.0, 8, 14);
  57. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (6, 8, 90.5, 10, 15);
  58. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (8, 2, 58.0, 2, 16);
  59. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (11, 3, 80.0, 3, 17);
  60. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (9, 11, 65.0, 11, 18);
  61. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (9, 12, 67.0, 12, 19);
  62. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (9, 15, 95.0, 15, 20);
  63. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (9, 13, 59.0, 13, 21);
  64. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (10, 4, 98.0, 4, 22);
  65. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (10, 6, 97.0, 6, 23);
  66. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (10, 7, 96.0, 7, 24);
  67. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (11, 7, 95.0, 7, 25);
  68. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (12, 8, 69.0, 8, 26);
  69. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (12, 9, 85.0, 9, 27);
  70. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (10, 14, 100.0, 14, 28);
  71. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (6, 9, 100.0, 9, 29);
  72. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (11, 1, 59.0, 1, 30);
  73. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (11, 4, 90.0, 4, 31);
  74. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (11, 5, 91.0, 5, 32);
  75. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (11, 6, 58.0, 6, 33);
  76. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (11, 8, 93.0, 8, 34);
  77. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (11, 9, 57.0, 9, 35);
  78. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (11, 10, 95.0, 10, 36);
  79. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (11, 11, 96.0, 11, 37);
  80. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (11, 12, 97.0, 12, 38);
  81. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (11, 13, 98.0, 13, 39);
  82. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (11, 14, 99.0, 14, 40);
  83. insert into T_SCORE (SNO, CNO, GRADE, TNO, ID) values (11, 15, 89.0, 15, 41);
  84. commit;
  85.
在思维举重前,先来一个热身运动吧: 
  1. --(一)查询选修课程名称为'JAVA程序设计'的学员学号和姓名 
  2. --方法一:
  3. --1.查询'JAVA程序设计'这门课程的课程号
  4. --2.在成绩表中查询课程号为步骤1的课程号的成绩信息..
  5. --3.在学生表中查询学号为步骤2结果的学生信息
  6. select st.sno, st.sname
  7.   from student st
  8.  where st.sno in
  9.        (select sno
  10.           from score sc
  11.          where sc.cno =
  12.                (select co.cno from course co where co.cname = 'JAVA程序设计'));
  13.  
  14. --方法二:
  15. --1.查询'JAVA程序设计'这门课程的课程号
  16. --2.在成绩表和学生表关联结果中查询课程号等于步骤1的课程号的成绩信息.
  17. --sql86
  18. select st.sno, st.sname
  19.   from student st, score sc
  20.  where st.sno = sc.sno
  21.    and sc.cno =
  22.        (select co.cno from course co where co.cname = 'JAVA程序设计');
  23.        
  24. --sql92
  25. select st.sno, st.sname
  26.   from student st
  27.   join score sc
  28.     on st.sno = sc.sno
  29.  where sc.cno =
  30.        (select co.cno from course co where co.cname = 'JAVA程序设计');
  31.        
  32. --方法三:
  33. --1.在成绩表和课程表关联结果中查询选修了'JAVA程序设计'这门课的学生的学号
  34. --2.在学生表中查询步骤1中的学号的学生的详细信息.
  35. --sql86
  36. select st.sno, st.sname
  37.   from student st
  38.  where st.sno in (select sc.sno
  39.                          from score sc, course co
  40.                         where sc.cno = co.cno
  41.                           and co.cname = 'JAVA程序设计');
  42.  
  43. --sql92 
  44.  select st.sno, st.sname
  45.    from student st
  46.   where st.sno in (select sc.sno
  47.                           from score sc
  48.                           join course co
  49.                             on sc.cno = co.cno  
  50.                       where co.cname = 'JAVA程序设计');
  51.                       
  52.  --方法四:                     
  53.  --在成绩表和课程表和学生表三表关联的结果中过滤得到选修了 'JAVA程序设计'的学生基本信息   
  54.  --sql86
  55.   select st.sno, st.sname
  56.    from student st, score sc, course co
  57.   where st.sno = sc.sno
  58.     and co.cno = sc.cno
  59.     and co.cname = 'JAVA程序设计';
  60.              
  61.  --sql92(1) 用where过滤
  62.  select st.sno, st.sname
  63.   from student st
  64.   join score sc
  65.     on st.sno = sc.sno
  66.   join course co
  67.     on co.cno = sc.cno
  68.  where co.cname = 'JAVA程序设计';
  69.  
  70. --sql92(2) 在关联条件中过滤
  71.  select st.sno, st.sname
  72.    from student st
  73.    join score sc
  74.      on st.sno = sc.sno
  75.    join course co
  76.      on co.cno = sc.cno
  77.     and co.cname = 'JAVA程序设计';
  78.  
  79. 注: 1.对于sql86 和sql92的区别见这篇文章: http://blog.csdn.net/lk_blog/article/details/7580300
  80.     2.如果您在看的过程中觉得不熟悉的地方很多,建议您先看此文: http://blog.csdn.net/lk_blog/article/details/7585501

进入正文: 

  1. --(一)查询不选修课程编号为'1'的学员姓名和所属单位 
  2. --1.在成绩表中查询课程号为'1'的所有学生学号
  3. --2.在学生表中查询学号不在步骤1中的学生的基本信息.
  4. select st.sname, st.sdree
  5.   from t_student st
  6.  where st.sno not in (select sc.sno from t_score sc where sc.cno = '1');
  7.  
  8.  
  9.  --(二)查询平均成绩大于85的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩?
  10. select sc.sno, st.sname, avg(sc.grade)
  11.  from t_score sc
  12.  join t_student st
  13.  on sc.sno = st.sno
  14.  group by sc.sno, st.sname
  15. having avg(sc.grade) > 85; 
  16.  
  17.  --(三)查询课程名称为"JAVA程序设计",且分数低于60的学生姓名和分数
  18. select st.sname, sc.grade
  19.  from t_score sc
  20.  join t_student st
  21.  on sc.sno = st.sno
  22.  join t_course co
  23.  on sc.cno = co.cno
  24. where sc.grade < 60
  25.  and co.cname = 'JAVA程序设计';
  26.  
  27. select st.sname, sc.grade
  28.  from t_score sc
  29.  join t_student st
  30.  on sc.sno = st.sno
  31.  join t_course co
  32.  on sc.cno = co.cno
  33.  and sc.grade < 60
  34.  and co.cname = 'JAVA程序设计' ;
  35.  
  36. select st.sname, sc.grade
  37.  from t_score sc
  38.  join t_student st
  39.  on sc.sno = st.sno
  40. where sc.cno = (select cno from t_course where cname = 'JAVA程序设计')
  41.  and sc.grade < 60
  42.  
  43.  
  44. --(四)查询任何一门课程成绩全部都在70分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数?
  45. --1.查询出成绩小于70分的学生的学号.
  46. --2.将学生,成绩,课程三张表作关联.
  47. --3.在关联表中过滤出不在步骤1查询结果中的学生信息.
  48. select st.sname, co.cname, sc.grade
  49.   from t_student st
  50.   join t_score sc
  51.     on st.sno = sc.sno
  52.   join t_course co
  53.     on sc.cno = co.cno
  54.  where st.sno not in (select sc1.sno from t_score sc1 where sc1.grade < 70);
  55.  
  56.  
  57. --(五)查询出选了课的学生的人数.
  58. select count(distinct(sc.sno)) from t_score sc;
  59.  
  60.  
  61. --(六)查询每门课程被选课的学生数
  62. select sc.cno, count(distinct(sc.sno)) from t_score sc group by sc.cno;
  63.  
  64.              
  65. --(七)查询选了全部课程的学员姓名和所属单位
  66. --1.在课程表中查询出所有课程的数量
  67. --2.在成绩表中查询出学生选课数等于步骤1中总选课数的学生的学号,注意要用distinct,having中可以使用count,where中不能使用count.
  68. --3.在学生表中查出步骤2中学生的基本信息.
  69. select st.sname, st.sdree
  70.   from t_student st
  71.  where st.sno in
  72.        (select sc.sno
  73.           from t_score sc
  74.          group by sc.sno
  75.         having count(distinct sc.cno) = (select count(distinct sc1.cno)
  76.                                           from t_course sc1));
  77.                                           
  78.                                                                                        
  79. --(八) 查询没有学全所有课的同学的学号、姓名
  80. select st.sname, st.sdree
  81.   from t_student st
  82.  where st.sno in
  83.        (select sc.sno
  84.           from t_score sc
  85.          group by sc.sno
  86.         having count(distinct sc.cno) != (select count(*) from t_course));
  87.  
  88.         
  89. --(九)查询选修课程超过5门的学员学号和所属单位 
  90. --1.在成绩表中查询出选课程超过5门的学生学号.
  91. --2.在学生表中查询步骤1中学号的学生的基本信息.
  92. select st.sname, st.sdree
  93.   from t_student st
  94.  where st.sno in (select sc.sno
  95.                          from t_score sc
  96.                         group by sc.sno
  97.                        having count(distinct sc.cno) > 5);
  98.                                              
  99.                                                                                 
  100. --(十)查询出没有选课的学生基本信息
  101. --1.在成绩表中查询出所有选过课的学生的学号.
  102. --2.在学生表中查询出步骤1中学生的基本信息.
  103. select *
  104.   from t_student st
  105.  where st.sno not in (select sc.sno from t_score sc);
  106.  
  107. --下面的两个sql等价,在成绩表中数据量很大时使用下面的sql
  108. select *
  109.   from t_student st
  110.  where st.sno not in (select distinct (sc.sno) from t_score sc);
  111.  
  112. select *
  113.   from t_student st
  114.  where st.sno not in (select sc.sno from t_score sc group by sc.sno);
  115.  
  116.                                                 
  117. --(十一) 列出有二门以上不及格课程的学生姓名及其平均成绩 
  118. --方法一
  119. --1.在成绩表中查询出2门不及格学生的学号,结果记作t1
  120. --2.将学生表和t1和成绩表三表作关联得到关联表,在关联表中取学生基本信息和平均成绩.
  121. --sql92   
  122. select st.sno, st.sname, avg(sc.grade)
  123.   from t_student st
  124.   join (select sc.sno
  125.           from t_score sc
  126.          where sc.grade < 60
  127.          group by sc.sno
  128.         having count(distinct sc.cno) > 2) t1
  129.     on st.sno = t1.sno
  130.   join t_score sc
  131.     on sc.sno = t1.sno
  132.  group by st.sno, st.sname;
  133.  
  134.  --sql86
  135. select st.sno, st.sname, avg(sc.grade)
  136.   from t_student st,
  137.        t_score sc,
  138.        (select sc.sno
  139.           from t_score sc
  140.          where sc.grade < 60
  141.          group by sc.sno
  142.         having count(distinct sc.cno) > 2) t1
  143.  where st.sno = t1.sno
  144.    and sc.sno = t1.sno
  145.  group by st.sno, st.sname;
  146.  
  147. --方法二:
  148. --1.在成绩表中查询出2门不及格学生的学号
  149. --2.将学生表和成绩表通过学号作关联并根据步骤1中的结果作过滤,在关联结果中取出学生基本信息和平均成绩                     
  150. select st.sno, st.sname, avg(sc.grade)
  151.   from t_student st
  152.   join t_score sc
  153.     on st.sno = sc.sno
  154.  where st.sno in (select sc.sno
  155.                     from t_score sc
  156.                    where sc.grade < 60
  157.                    group by sc.sno
  158.                   having count(distinct sc.cno) > 2)
  159.  group by st.sno, st.sname;
  160.  
  161.  
  162.  --(十二) 查询平均成绩大于60分的同学的学号和平均成绩
  163. --学生表和课程表关联,在having子句中过滤平均成绩大于60分.
  164. select st.sno, avg(sc.grade)
  165.   from t_student st, t_score sc
  166.  where st.sno = sc.sno
  167.  group by st.sno
  168. having avg(sc.grade) > 60;
  169.  
  170. --1.学生表和课程表关联,将关联的结果记作t1
  171. --2.在t1中过滤平均成绩大于60的学生学号.
  172. select t1.sno, t1.avg_grade
  173.   from (select st.sno, avg(sc.grade) avg_grade
  174.           from t_student st, t_score sc
  175.          where st.sno = sc.sno
  176.          group by st.sno) t1
  177.  where t1.avg_grade > 60;
  178.  
  179.  
  180. --(十三)查询出只选修了一门课程的全部学生的学号和姓名
  181.  --方法一:
  182.  --1.将学生表和成绩表作关联,在分组函数中使用having子句过滤出只选了一门课程的学生基本信息.
  183.  select sc.sno, st.sname
  184.    from t_score sc
  185.    join t_student st
  186.      on sc.sno = st.sno
  187.   group by sc.sno, st.sname
  188.  having count(distinct sc.cno) = 1;
  189.  
  190.  --方法二:
  191.  --1.在成绩表中查找学号,分组函数的过滤条件判断只选择了一门课程的学生.
  192.  --2.在学生表中查找学号在步骤1中的值的学生的基本信息
  193. select st.sno,st.sname
  194.   from t_student st
  195.  where st.sno in (select sc.sno
  196.                     from t_score sc
  197.                    group by sc.sno
  198.                   having count(distinct sc.cno) = 1);
  199.                   
  200.  
  201.                   
  202.  --(十四)查询至少有一门课与学号为"1"的同学所学相同的同学的学号和姓名
  203. select st.sno, st.sname
  204.   from t_student st
  205.   join t_score sc1
  206.     on st.sno = sc1.sno
  207.  where sc1.cno in (select sc.cno from t_score sc where sc.sno = '1')
  208.  group by st.sno, st.sname;
  209.  
  210.  
  211.  
  212. --(十五)列出既学过"1"号课程,又学过"2"号课程的所有学生姓名
  213. --1.将成绩表和课程表作关联,在关联条件中作过滤查询出既选过课程'1'又选过课程'2'的学生的学号,注意看 co.cno in ('1', '2')和having count(distinct sc.cno) = 2 的位置.
  214. --2.在学生表中根据步骤1的结果作过滤查询出学生的基本信息.
  215. --方法一:
  216. --sql86
  217. select st.sno, st.sname
  218.   from t_student st,
  219.        (select sc.sno
  220.           from t_score sc, t_course co
  221.          where sc.cno = co.cno
  222.            and co.cno in ('1', '2')
  223.          group by sc.sno
  224.         having count(distinct sc.cno) = 2) t1
  225.  where st.sno = t1.sno;
  226.  
  227.  --sql92
  228.  select st.sno, st.sname
  229.   from t_student st join 
  230.        (select sc.sno
  231.           from t_score sc join t_course co
  232.          on sc.cno = co.cno
  233.            and co.cno in ('1', '2')
  234.          group by sc.sno
  235.         having count(distinct sc.cno) = 2) t1
  236.  on st.sno = t1.sno;
  237.  
  238.  --方法二:
  239.  --sql86
  240.  select st.sno, st.sname
  241.    from t_student st
  242.   where st.sno in (select sc.sno
  243.                      from t_score sc, t_course co
  244.                     where sc.cno = co.cno
  245.                       and co.cno in ('1', '2')
  246.                     group by sc.sno
  247.                    having count(distinct sc.cno) = 2);
  248.  
  249. --sql92 
  250.   select st.sno, st.sname
  251.     from t_student st
  252.    where st.sno in (select sc.sno
  253.                       from t_score sc
  254.                       join t_course co
  255.                         on sc.cno = co.cno
  256.                        and co.cno in ('1', '2')
  257.                      group by sc.sno
  258.                     having count(distinct sc.cno) = 2);
  259.  
  260.  
  261.  
  262.  --(十六)查询至少学过学号为"1"的同学所有门课的同学学号和姓名
  263.  --1.查询出'1'号同学学习的全部课程.
  264.  --2.查询出'1'号同学学习全部课程的数量.
  265.  --3.将课程表和成绩表做关联,在关联表中查询出学生的学号,关联条件中加入过滤条件[课程号在步骤1查询结果范围内],过滤条件中加入数量等级步骤2中得到的数量.
  266.  --4.在学生表中查询步骤3中的学号的学生的基本信息.
  267. select st.sno, st.sname
  268.   from t_student st
  269.  where st.sno in
  270.        (select sc.sno
  271.           from t_score sc
  272.           join t_course co
  273.             on sc.cno = co.cno
  274.            and co.cno in (select sc.cno from t_score sc where sc.sno = '1')
  275.          group by sc.sno
  276.         having count(distinct sc.cno) = (select count(distinct sc.cno)
  277.                                           from t_score sc
  278.                                          where sc.sno = '1'))
  279.                                          
  280.   
  281.                                          
  282.  --(十七)查询和"6"号同学学习的课程完全相同的同学的学号和姓名
  283.  --分析:要查询与6号同学完全相同的课程的学生信息,等价于学过6号同学的学过的所有课程并且选课数量与6同学选课数量相等.
  284.  --方法一: 
  285.  --1.查询出'1'号同学学习的全部课程.
  286.  --2.查询出'1'号同学学习全部课程的数量.
  287.  --3.将课程表和成绩表做关联,在关联表中查询出学生的学号和选课数量,记作 t2,关联条件中加入过滤条件[课程号在步骤1查询结果范围内],过滤条件中加入数量等级步骤2中得到的数量.
  288.  --4.在成绩表中查询出学号和每个学生选课数量.得到结果记作: t1
  289.  --5.将步骤3中的t2和步骤4中的t1通过学生学号关联,添加过滤条件,t1中的选课数量等于t2中的选课数量.
  290.  --6.在学生表中查询不步骤5的学生学号的基本信息.
  291.  select st.sno, st.sname
  292.    from t_student st
  293.   where st.sno in
  294.         (select t1.sno
  295.            from (select sc_a.sno, count(distinct sc_a.cno) num_outer
  296.                    from t_score sc_a
  297.                   group by sc_a.sno) t1
  298.            join (select sc.sno, count(distinct sc.cno) num_inner
  299.                   from t_score sc
  300.                   join t_course co
  301.                     on sc.cno = co.cno
  302.                    and co.cno in
  303.                        (select sc.cno from t_score sc where sc.sno = '6')
  304.                  group by sc.sno
  305.                 having count(distinct sc.cno) = (select count(distinct sc.cno)
  306.                                                   from t_score sc
  307.                                                  where sc.sno = '6')) t2
  308.              on t1.sno = t2.sno
  309.           where t1.num_outer = t2.num_inner);
  310.           
  311.   
  312.           
  313.  --(十八)列出"1"号课成绩比"2"号课成绩高的所有学生的学号及其"1"号课和"2"号课的成绩
  314.  --1.将学生表和课程表作两次关联,一次关联用于取该学生课程'1'的成绩,另一次关联用于取该学生课程'2'的成绩.
  315.  --sql86
  316. select st.sno, st.sname, sc_a.grade, sc_b.grade
  317.   from t_student st, t_score sc_a, t_score sc_b
  318.  where sc_a.cno = '1'
  319.    and sc_b.cno = '2'
  320.    and st.sno = sc_a.sno
  321.    and st.sno = sc_b.sno
  322.    and sc_a.grade > sc_b.grade
  323.    
  324.  --sql92
  325. select st.sno, st.sname, sc_a.grade, sc_b.grade
  326.   from t_student st
  327.   join t_score sc_a
  328.     on st.sno = sc_a.sno
  329.   join t_score sc_b
  330.     on st.sno = sc_b.sno
  331.  where sc_a.cno = '1'
  332.    and sc_b.cno = '2'
  333.    and sc_a.grade > sc_b.grade
  334.    
  335.  
  336.  
  337. --(十九)查询所有同学的学号、姓名、选课数、总成绩
  338. select st.sno, st.sname, count(sc.cno), sum(sc.grade)
  339.   from t_student st, t_score sc
  340.  where st.sno = sc.sno
  341.  group by st.sno, st.sname;
  342.  
  343.  
  344.  
  345. --(二十)查询课程成绩小于60分的同学的学号,姓名,课程名,成绩
  346. --下面两条sql虽然结果相同,但意义不同,注意理解一下哦.
  347. --1.将学生表,课程表,成绩表作关联
  348. --2.对关联后的结果作过滤,过滤出成绩小于60的学生基本信息.
  349. select st.sno, st.sname, co.cname, sc.grade
  350.   from t_score sc
  351.   join t_student st
  352.     on sc.sno = st.sno
  353.   join t_course co
  354.     on sc.cno = co.cno
  355.  where sc.grade < 60
  356.  
  357. --1.将学生表,课程表,成绩表作关联,在关联条件中过滤成绩小于60.
  358.  select st.sno, st.sname, co.cname, sc.grade
  359.   from t_score sc
  360.   join t_student st
  361.     on sc.sno = st.sno
  362.   join t_course co
  363.     on sc.cno = co.cno
  364. and sc.grade <60
  365.  
  366.  
  367.  
  368. --(二十一)按平均成绩从到低显示所有学生的"JAVA程序设计"、"J2EE从入门到精通"、"EJB及设计模式"三门的课程成绩,
  369. --并按如下形式显示: 学生ID,姓名,JAVA程序设计,J2EE从入门到精通,EJB及设计模式,有效课程数,有效课程平均分
  370. --1.将成绩表和课程表关联得到结果记作: t1, 关联时的条件选择只统计以上三门课程.
  371. --2.按题目中的要求组织统计结果.
  372. select st.sno,
  373.        st.sname,
  374.        sum(decode(t1.cname, 'JAVA程序设计', t1.grade)) JAVA程序设计,
  375.        sum(decode(t1.cname, 'J2EE从入门到精通', t1.grade)) J2EE从入门到精通,
  376.        sum(decode(t1.cname, 'EJB及设计模式', t1.grade)) EJB及设计模式,
  377.        count(distinct t1.grade) 有效课程数,
  378.        avg(t1.grade) 有效课程平均分
  379.   from t_student st
  380.   join (select *
  381.           from t_score sc
  382.           join t_course co
  383.             on sc.cno = co.cno
  384.            and co.cname in
  385.                ('JAVA程序设计', 'J2EE从入门到精通', 'EJB及设计模式')) t1
  386.     on st.sno = t1.sno
  387.  group by st.sno, st.sname
  388.    
  389.  --将decode可以换成case when 第一种形式
  390.  select st.sno,
  391.         st.sname,
  392.         sum(case t1.cname
  393.               when 'JAVA程序设计' then
  394.                t1.grade
  395.             end) JAVA程序设计,
  396.          sum(case t1.cname
  397.               when 'J2EE从入门到精通' then
  398.                t1.grade
  399.             end) J2EE从入门到精通,
  400.              sum(case t1.cname
  401.               when 'EJB及设计模式' then
  402.                t1.grade
  403.             end) EJB及设计模式,
  404.         count(distinct t1.grade) 有效课程数,
  405.         avg(t1.grade) 有效课程平均分
  406.    from t_student st
  407.    join (select *
  408.            from t_score sc
  409.            join t_course co
  410.              on sc.cno = co.cno
  411.             and co.cname in
  412.                 ('JAVA程序设计', 'J2EE从入门到精通', 'EJB及设计模式')) t1
  413.      on st.sno = t1.sno
  414.   group by st.sno, st.sname
  415.   
  416.   
  417.  --将decode可以换成case when 第二种形式
  418.   select st.sno,
  419.          st.sname,
  420.          sum(case
  421.                when t1.cname = 'JAVA程序设计' then
  422.                 t1.grade
  423.              end) JAVA程序设计,
  424.          sum(case
  425.                when t1.cname = 'J2EE从入门到精通' then
  426.                 t1.grade
  427.              end) J2EE从入门到精通,
  428.          sum(case
  429.                when t1.cname = 'EJB及设计模式' then
  430.                 t1.grade
  431.              end) EJB及设计模式,
  432.          count(distinct t1.grade) 有效课程数,
  433.          avg(t1.grade) 有效课程平均分
  434.     from t_student st
  435.     join (select *
  436.             from t_score sc
  437.             join t_course co
  438.               on sc.cno = co.cno
  439.              and co.cname in
  440.                  ('JAVA程序设计', 'J2EE从入门到精通', 'EJB及设计模式')) t1
  441.       on st.sno = t1.sno
  442.    group by st.sno, st.sname
  443.  
  444.  
  445. --(二十二)查询各科成绩最高和最低的分:以如下形式显示:课程ID,课程名,最高分,最低分
  446. select sc.cno, co.cname, max(grade), min(grade)
  447.   from t_score sc
  448.   join t_course co
  449.     on sc.cno = co.cno
  450.  group by sc.cno, co.cname
  451.  
  452.  
  453. --(二十三)按各科平均成绩从低到高和及格率的百分数从高到低顺序 
  454. --1.在成绩表中查出课程号,平均成绩,课程人数,记作 : t1
  455. --2.在成绩表中查出课程号,及格的课程人数,记作 : t2
  456. --3.将步骤1中的成绩和步骤2中的课程2关联,查出所要的结果并排序.
  457. select t1.cno, t1.avg_num 平均成绩, (count_num1 / count_num) * 100 及格率
  458.   from (select sc.cno, avg(grade) avg_num, count(distinct sc.sno) count_num
  459.           from t_score sc
  460.          group by sc.cno) t1
  461.   join (select sc1.cno, count(distinct sc1.sno) count_num1
  462.           from t_score sc1
  463.          where sc1.grade > 60
  464.          group by sc1.cno) t2
  465.     on t1.cno = t2.cno
  466.  order by t1.avg_num asc, 及格率 desc
  467.  
  468.  
  469. --(二十四)统计各科成绩,各分数段人数:课程ID,课程名称,[100-90]优,[90-80]良,[80-70]中,[70-60]一般,[<60]不及格
  470. --1.在成绩表中根据成绩值分段
  471. --2.将步骤1中的结果与课程表关联.
  472. select sc.cno,co.cname,
  473.        sum(case
  474.              when sc.grade > 90 then
  475.               1
  476.            end) 优,
  477.        sum(case
  478.              when sc.grade > 80 and sc.grade < 90 then
  479.               1
  480.            end) 良,
  481.        sum(case
  482.              when sc.grade > 70 and sc.grade < 80 then
  483.               1
  484.            end) 中,
  485.        sum(case
  486.              when sc.grade > 60 and sc.grade < 70 then
  487.               1
  488.            end) 一般,
  489.        sum(case
  490.              when sc.grade < 60 then
  491.               1
  492.            end) 不及格
  493.   from t_score sc join t_course co on sc.cno = co.cno
  494.  group by sc.cno,co.cname
  495.  
  496. --(二十五)查询学生平均成绩及其名次
  497. select st.sno, st.sname, avg(sc.grade) avg_num
  498.   from t_score sc
  499.   join t_student st
  500.     on sc.sno = st.sno
  501.  group by st.sno, st.sname
  502.  order by avg_num desc
  503.  
  504.  
  505.  
  506. --(二十六)查询课程号分别为1,2,3的课程,成绩前三名的学生基本信息:(不考虑成绩并列情况)
  507. --方法一:
  508. --1.分别查出1,2,3各自的前3名的学生的学号,并用union all将结果集关联.
  509. --2.在学生表中查询步骤1中查到的id的学生的基本信息.
  510. select *
  511.   from t_student
  512.  where sno in (select t1.sno
  513.                  from (select sc1.*
  514.                          from t_score sc1
  515.                         where sc1.cno = 1
  516.                         order by sc1.grade desc) t1
  517.                 where rownum < 4
  518.                union all
  519.                select t1.sno
  520.                  from (select sc1.*
  521.                          from t_score sc1
  522.                         where sc1.cno = 2
  523.                         order by sc1.grade desc) t1
  524.                 where rownum < 4
  525.                union all
  526.                select t1.sno
  527.                  from (select sc1.*
  528.                          from t_score sc1
  529.                         where sc1.cno = 3
  530.                         order by sc1.grade desc) t1
  531.                 where rownum < 4)
  532.  
  533. --方法二:
  534.  --rank() over(Partition .. order by ...) 是按照某个字段的值进行分组并编号
  535. select t1.cno, t1.sno, t1.grade, r
  536.   from (select sc.sno,
  537.                sc.cno,
  538.                sc.grade,
  539.                rank() over(partition by sc.cno order by grade desc) r
  540.           from t_score sc) t1
  541.  where r < 4
  542.    and t1.cno in (1, 2, 3)
  543.  order by t1.cno, t1.sno, r;
  544.  
  545.  
  546.  --(二十七)查询各科成绩前三名的记录(不考虑成绩并列情况)
  547.  --rank() over(Partition .. order by ...) 是按照某个字段的值进行分组并编号
  548. select t1.cno, t1.sno, t1.grade, r
  549.   from (select sc.sno,
  550.                sc.cno,
  551.                sc.grade,
  552.                rank() over(partition by sc.cno order by grade desc) r
  553.           from t_score sc) t1
  554.  where r < 4
  555.  order by t1.cno, t1.sno, r;
  556.


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