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线性调频 (LFM) 信号是雷达脉冲压缩常用的信号,也叫 chirp 信号,其时域表达式为(复数形式):
s
(
t
)
=
r
e
c
t
(
t
T
)
×
e
j
2
π
(
f
c
+
K
2
t
2
)
s(t) = rect(\frac{t}{T})\times e^{j 2 \pi (f_c + \frac{K}{2} t^2)}
s(t)=rect(Tt)×ej2π(fc+2Kt2)
其中,
f
c
f_c
fc为载频,
r
e
c
t
(
t
T
)
rect(\frac{t}{T})
rect(Tt)为宽为
T
T
T的矩形波信号,
K
=
B
T
K=\frac{B}{T}
K=TB为调频斜率 slope
在程序中,设置 f c = 0 f_c=0 fc=0, T = 1 0 − 6 s T=10^{-6}s T=10−6s,信号带宽 B = 30 M H z B=30MHz B=30MHz
首先需要设置采样频率 F s F_s Fs,至少为信号带宽的2倍数,进而采样间隔 T s = 1 F s Ts=\frac{1}{F_s} Ts=Fs1,采样点数为 N = T T s N=\frac{T}{T_s} N=TsT
T = 10e-6; % Pulse duration 10us
B = 30e6; % Bandwidth 30MHz
K = B / T; % chirp slope
Fs = 2 * B; % sampling frequency
Ts = 1 / Fs; % sampling spacing
N = T / Ts; % Number of samples
接着生成信号,使用 linspace 函数生成时间序列
linspace(start, end, N) 代表从 start 开始,到 end 结束 (包含 end) 生成间隔均匀的 N 个点
%% signals
t = linspace(-T/2, T/2, N);
St = exp(1i*pi*K*t.^2); % s(t)
信号的 FFT (点击可查看原理)
freq = linspace(-Fs/2, Fs/2, N);
f = fftshift(abs(fft(St));
完整程序和结果
clear; clc; set(0,'defaultfigurecolor', 'w') %% parameters T = 10e-6; % Pulse duration 10us B = 30e6; % Bandwidth 30MHz K = B / T; % chirp slope Fs = 2 * B; % sampling frequency Ts = 1 / Fs; % sampling spacing N = T / Ts; % Number of samples %% signals t = linspace(-T/2, T/2, N); St = exp(1i*pi*K*t.^2); % s(t) %% plot LFM signal figure(1) subplot(2, 1, 1) plot(t*1e6, real(St), 'k', 'LineWidth', 1.5); xlabel('Time in u sec'); title('Real part of chirp signal'); grid on; axis tight; %% plot chirp FFT subplot(2, 2, 3) freq = linspace(-Fs/2, Fs/2, N); plot(freq*1e-6, fftshift(abs(fft(St))), 'k', 'LineWidth', 1.5); xlabel('Frequency in MHz'); title('Magnitude spectrum of chirp signal'); grid on; axis tight; subplot(2, 2, 4) freq = linspace(-Fs/2, Fs/2, N); plot(freq*1e-6, -pi/K*freq.^2 + pi/4, 'k', 'LineWidth', 1.5); xlabel('Frequency in MHz'); title('Magnitude spectrum of chirp signal'); grid on; axis tight;
有一个小问题,通过
phase = angle(sFFT);
angle(1+1.732i)/3.14*180 % 60
得到的相位谱类似噪声,原因是信号的相位可能超过
2
π
2\pi
2π,但是函数 angle
是根据实部虚部计算相位的,只能返回
[
−
π
,
+
π
]
[-\pi, +\pi]
[−π,+π] 内的值,导致相位模糊,所以会得到的类似噪声的相位谱。
相关内容:雷达成像
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