1、关闭不必要的服务
1.1、centos6.x服务操作命令
1.1.1、常用命令
查看服务开启或关闭状态:
- [root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list
- aegis 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
- agentwatch 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
- atd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
- auditd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
- blk-availability 0:off 1:on 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
- cloud-config 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
- cloud-final 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
- cloud-init 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
- cloud-init-local 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
- cloud-init-upgrade 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
- cloudmonitor 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
- crond 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
- ecs_mq-service 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
- eni-service 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
- htcacheclean 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
- httpd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
- ip6tables 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
- iptables 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
- irqbalance 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
- iscsi 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
- iscsid 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
- lvm2-monitor 0:off 1:on 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
- mdmonitor 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
- multipathd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
- mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
- netconsole 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
- netfs 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
- network 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
- nscd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
- ntpd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
- ntpdate 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
- php-fpm 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
- postfix 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
- rdisc 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
- restorecond 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
- rsyslog 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
- saslauthd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
- sshd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
- svnserve 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
- sysstat 0:off 1:on 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
- udev-post 0:off 1:on 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
- xinetd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
- xinetd based services:
- chargen-dgram: off
- chargen-stream: off
- daytime-dgram: off
- daytime-stream: off
- discard-dgram: off
- discard-stream: off
- echo-dgram: off
- echo-stream: off
- rsync: off
- tcpmux-server: off
- time-dgram: off
- time-stream: off
- [root@localhost ~]#
单独查看某一个服务的状态:
- [root@localhost ~]# chkconfig postfix --list
- postfix 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
- [root@localhost ~]#
让某个服务开机不启动:
- [root@localhost ~]# chkconfig postfix off
- [root@localhost ~]# chkconfig postfix --list
- postfix 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
- [root@localhost ~]#
让某个服务在指定init级别启动:
- [root@localhost ~]# chkconfig postfix --level 234 on
- [root@localhost ~]# chkconfig postfix --list
- postfix 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:off 6:off
- [root@localhost ~]#
让某个服务在指定init级别关闭:
- [root@localhost ~]# chkconfig postfix --level 234 off
- [root@localhost ~]# chkconfig postfix --list
- postfix 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
- [root@localhost ~]#
让某个服务在所有级别(默认2345)都启动:
- [root@localhost ~]# chkconfig postfix on
- [root@localhost ~]# chkconfig postfix --list
- postfix 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
- [root@localhost ~]#
查看系统服务的相关说明:
- [root@localhost ~]# rpm -qi $(rpm -qf /etc/init.d/postfix)
- Name : postfix Relocations: (not relocatable)
- Version : 2.6.6 Vendor: CentOS
- Release : 6.el6_7.1 Build Date: Tue 10 Nov 2015 05:59:54 PM HKT
- Install Date: Wed 22 Aug 2018 11:38:05 AM HKT Build Host: c6b8.bsys.dev.centos.org
- Group : System Environment/Daemons Source RPM: postfix-2.6.6-6.el6_7.1.src.rpm
- Size : 10190116 License: IBM
- Signature : RSA/SHA1, Tue 10 Nov 2015 08:41:47 PM HKT, Key ID 0946fca2c105b9de
- Packager : CentOS BuildSystem http://bugs.centos.org
- URL : http://www.postfix.org
- Summary : Postfix Mail Transport Agent
- Description :
- Postfix is a Mail Transport Agent (MTA), supporting LDAP, SMTP AUTH (SASL),
- TLS
- [root@localhost ~]#
以上命令只适用于系统自带的服务,或者用yum和rpm安装的一些服务,如果是自己源码安装的,可能没这么详细。
自己安装了一些服务之后,可以手动将它们加进系统服务管理中:
如何增加一个服务:
1、服务脚本必须存放在/etc/ini.d/目录下;
2、chkconfig --add servicename
在chkconfig工具服务列表中增加此服务,此时服务会被在/etc/rc.d/rcN.d中赋予K/S入口了;
3.chkconfig --level35 mysqld on
修改服务的默认启动等级。
1.1.2、关闭不需要的服务
这里,postfix服务是提供邮件服务的,这里我们并没有用到,所以我们选择把它关闭
- [root@localhost ~]# chkconfig postfix off
-
- [root@localhost ~]# chkconfig postfix --list
-
- postfix 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
-
- [root@localhost ~]#
服务可能在运行,我们让服务现在就关闭:
- [root@localhost ~]# service postfix stop
- Shutting down postfix: [ OK ]
- [root@localhost ~]# service postfix status
- master is stopped
- [root@localhost ~]#
其它服务也一样操作,下面我们会列出一个可以关闭的服务列表。
1.2、Centos7.x服务操作命令
1.2.1、常用命令
查看服务开启或关闭状态:
CentOS7已不再使用chkconfig 管理启动项,使用systemctl工具来管理服务程序,包括了service和chkconfig
启动一个服务: systemctl start firewalld.service
关闭一个服务: systemctl stop firewalld.service
重启一个服务: systemctl restart firewalld.service
显示一个服务的状态: systemctl status firewalld.service
在开机时启用一个服务: systemctl enable firewalld.service
在开机时禁用一个服务: systemctl disable firewalld.service
查看服务是否开机启动: systemctl is-enabled firewalld.service;echo $?
查看已启动的服务列表: systemctl list-unit-files|grep enabled
使用 systemctl list-unit-files 可以查看各个服务的状态,这个信息有点多,
所以我们过滤一下打开的:
- [root@localhost ~]# systemctl list-unit-files | grep enable
- auditd.service enabled
- autovt@.service enabled
- crond.service enabled
- dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service enabled
- firewalld.service enabled
- getty@.service enabled
- irqbalance.service enabled
- kdump.service enabled
- lvm2-monitor.service enabled
- microcode.service enabled
- NetworkManager-wait-online.service enabled
- postfix.service enabled
- rsyslog.service enabled
- sshd.service enabled
- systemd-readahead-collect.service enabled
- systemd-readahead-drop.service enabled
- systemd-readahead-replay.service enabled
- tuned.service enabled
- vmtoolsd.service enabled
- xinetd.service enabled
- dm-event.socket enabled
- lvm2-lvmetad.socket enabled
- lvm2-lvmpolld.socket enabled
- default.target enabled
- multi-user.target enabled
- remote-fs.target enabled
- runlevel2.target enabled
- runlevel3.target enabled
- runlevel4.target enabled
- [root@localhost ~]#
1.2.2、关闭不需要的服务
同上面一样,接下来我们关闭postfix服务。
- [root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable postfix.service
- Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/postfix.service.
- [root@localhost ~]#
- [root@localhost ~]# systemctl list-unit-files | grep postfix
- postfix.service disabled
关闭正在运行的postfix
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop postfix.service
1.3、系统启动项列表
参考:https://blog.csdn.net/alexdream/article/details/10955797
https://www.cnblogs.com/jonsea/p/5571267.html
https://www.getlinux.cn/centos7-x-chang-yong-fu-wu-jian-jie.html
服务名称 | 功能 | 默认 | 建议 | 备注 |
aegis | 阿里云安骑士 | on | on | |
agentwatch | 阿里云Ecs监控 | on | on | |
atd | 计划任务,/etc/at.allow,/etc/at.deny | on | off | 可用crond代替 |
auditd | 配合selinux审核 | on | off | |
autovt | 登录相关 | on | on | |
blk-availability | lvm2相关 | on | on | 有lvm就开 |
cloud-config | Ecs云配置,配合cloud-init | on | on | |
cloud-final | 配合cloud-init | on | on | |
cloud-init | 云初始化服务 | on | on | |
cloud-init-local | 配合cloud-init | on | on | |
cloud-init-upgrade | 配合cloud-init | on | on | |
cloudmonitor | 云监控 | on | on | |
crond | 计划任务 | on | on | |
dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1 | 桌面网卡管理 | on | off | |
default.target | 默认启动项 | on | on | |
multi-user.target | 同default.target | on | on | |
ecs_mq-service | Ecs相关 | on | on | |
eni-service | Ecs网卡相关 | on | on | |
firewalld | Centos7的默认防火墙 | on | off | |
getty | tty控制台相关 保留 | on | on | |
htcacheclean | Apache清除磁盘缓存 | off | off | |
httpd | http服务器 | off | off | 看需要,可用Nginx代替 |
ip6tables | ipv6防火墙 | on | off | 不用ipv6就关闭 |
iptables | ipv4防火墙 | on | on | 看需要,阿里云安全组可代替 |
irqbalance | cpu负载均衡 | on | on | 多核cpu需要 |
iscsi | 网络存储相关,san | on | off | 看需要 |
iscsid | 网络存储相关,san | on | off | |
kdump | 内核崩溃信息捕获 | on | on | 看需要 |
lvm2-monitor | Lvm监控 | on | on | 有lvm就开 |
mdmonitor | 软raid监控 | on | on | 建议开 |
microcode | 处理器稳定性增强 保留 | on | on | |
multipathd | off | off | ||
NetworkManager-wait-online | 网卡守护进程 关闭 | on | off | |
netconsole | 网络驱动程序调试用 | off | off | |
netfs | 网络文件系统 | on | off | 有用nfs可以开 |
network | 启动是激活网络接口 | on | on | 必须开 |
nscd | name cache,应该与DNS相关 | off | off | |
ntpd | 自动对时服务 | on | on | |
ntpdate | 自动对时服务 | off | off | |
php-fpm | Php解释器 | off | off | 用到开 |
postfix | 替代sendmail的邮件服务器 | on | off | |
rdisc | 自动检测路由器 | off | off | |
restorecond | selinux相关 | off | off | 用selinux就开 |
rsyslog | 系统的日志服务 | on | on | 必须开 |
saslauthd | sasl认证服务相关 | off | off | |
sshd | ssh服务端 | on | on | 必须开 |
svnserve | Svn服务端 | off | off | 服务端开,客户端关闭 |
sysstat | 系统状态监测命令提供 iostat 和 sar | on | on | |
systemd-readahead-collect | 内核调用--预读取 保留 | on | on | |
systemd-readahead-drop | -- | |||
systemd-readahead-replay | -- | |||
dm-event | 设备映射用 | on | on | |
udev-post | 设备管理系统 | on | on | |
xinetd | 超级守护进程 | on | off | 用到可以开 |
remote-fs.target | 远程挂载文件系统 | on | off | 用到再开 |
runlevel2.target | 运行级别 用于兼容6的SysV | on | on | |
runlevel3.target | -- | on | on | |
runlevel4.target | -- | on | on |