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- -- 1.学生表
- CREATE TABLE student(
- sid INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
- sname VARCHAR(20),
- sage DATE,
- ssex ENUM ('男','女')
- );
-
- -- 2.课程表中使用了外键教师编号,因而需要先建立教师表
- CREATE TABLE teacher(
- tid INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
- tname VARCHAR(20)
- );
-
- -- 3.建立课程表
- CREATE TABLE course(
- cid INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
- cname VARCHAR(20),
- tid INT,
- FOREIGN KEY (tid) REFERENCES teacher (tid)
- );
-
- -- 4.建立成绩表
- CREATE TABLE sc(
- sid INT,
- cid INT,
- score INT
- );
-
-
- -- 先给student表插入数据
- INSERT INTO student VALUES (1,'赵雷','1990-01-01','男'),
- (2,'钱电','1990-12-21','男'),
- (3,'孙风','1990-05-20','男'),
- (4,'李云','1990-08-06','男'),
- (5,'周梅','1991-12-01','女'),
- (6,'吴兰','1992-03-01','女'),
- (7,'郑竹','1989-07-01','女'),
- (8,'王菊','1990-01-20','女');
-
- -- 给teacher表插入数据,这里不可以先给course表插入数据,因为course表外键连接到teacher的主键
- INSERT INTO teacher VALUES(1,'张三'),(2,'李四'),(3,'王五');
-
- -- 给course表插入数据
- INSERT INTO course VALUES(1,'语文',2),(2,'数学',1),(3,'英语',3);
-
- -- 最后给sc表插入数据
- INSERT INTO sc VALUES(1,1,90),(1,2,80),(1,3,90),(2,1,70),(2,2,60),(2,3,80),(3,1,80),
- (3,2,80),(3,3,80),(4,1,50),(4,2,30),(4,3,20),(5,1,76),(5,2,87),(6,1,31),(6,3,34),(7,2,89),(7,3,98);
(1)查询 1 课程比 2 课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数
- SELECT s.sid,s.sname,s.sage,s.ssex,sc1.score,sc2.score FROM student s ,sc sc1,sc sc2 WHERE
- sc1.`cid`=1 AND sc2.`cid`=2 AND sc1.`score`>sc2.`score` AND sc1.`sid`=s.`sid`AND sc2.`sid`=s.`sid`;
(2)查询平均成绩大于等于60分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩
- SELECT s.sid,s.sname,AVG(sc1.`score`) AS 'avg_score' FROM student s ,sc sc1 WHERE s.sid=sc1.`sid`
- GROUP BY s.sid HAVING avg_score>=60 ORDER BY avg_score DESC;
(3)查询名字中含有"风"字的学生信息
SELECT s.sid,s.sname,s.sage,s.ssex FROM student s WHERE sname LIKE '%风%';
(4)查询课程名称为"数学",且分数低于60的学生姓名和分数
SELECT s.sname,sc1.score FROM student s ,sc sc1 WHERE s.sid=sc1.sid AND cid=2 AND sc1.score<60;
(5)查询所有学生的课程及分数情况
SELECT sc1.sid,c.cname,sc1.score FROM course c,sc sc1 WHERE c.cid=sc1.cid;
(6)查询没学过"张三"老师授课的同学的信息
第一种普通写法:
SELECT sc1.sid FROM sc sc1,course c,teacher t WHERE c.tid = t.tid AND c.cid = sc1.cid AND t.tname='张三';
第二种子查询写法:
- SELECT s.* FROM student s WHERE s.sid NOT IN
- (SELECT sc1.sid FROM sc sc1,course c,teacher t WHERE c.tid = t.tid AND c.cid = sc1.cid AND t.tname='张三');
(7)查询学过"张三"老师授课的同学的信息
第一种普通写法:
- SELECT s.* FROM student s,sc sc1,course c,teacher t WHERE
- sc1.sid=s.sid AND t.tid=c.tid AND c.cid=sc1.cid AND t.tname='张三';
第二种子查询写法:
- SELECT s.* FROM student s WHERE s.sid IN
- (SELECT sc1.sid FROM sc sc1,course c,teacher t WHERE c.tid = t.tid AND c.cid = sc1.cid AND t.tname='张三');
(8)查询学过编号为 1 并且也学过编号为 2 的课程的同学的信息
SELECT s.* FROM student s,sc sc1,sc sc2 WHERE s.sid = sc1.sid AND sc1.sid = sc2.sid AND sc1.cid = 1 AND sc2.cid =2;
(9)查询学过编号为 1 但是没有学过编号为 2 的课程的同学的信息
- -- 第一步:先用student表左连接查出学过课程1的和学过课程2的所有学生信息
- SELECT s.* FROM student s
- LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM sc WHERE cid=1) sc1 ON s.sid = sc1.sid
- LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM sc WHERE cid=2) sc2 ON s.sid = sc2.sid;
- -- 第二步:筛选学过编号为1但是没有学过编号为2的课程的同学的信息
- SELECT s.* FROM student s
- LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM sc WHERE cid=1) sc1 ON s.sid = sc1.sid
- LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM sc WHERE cid=2) sc2 ON s.sid = sc2.sid
- WHERE (sc1.cid=1 AND sc2.cid IS NULL);
(10)查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息
- -- 第一种写法:
- -- 第一步:先用student表左连接查出学过课程1、2、3及其它的所有学生信息
- SELECT s.* FROM student s
- LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM sc WHERE cid=1) sc1 ON s.sid = sc1.sid
- LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM sc WHERE cid=2) sc2 ON s.sid = sc2.sid
- LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM sc WHERE cid=3) sc3 ON s.sid = sc3.sid;
- -- 筛选没有学全所有课程的同学的信息
- SELECT s.* FROM student s
- LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM sc WHERE cid=1) sc1 ON s.sid = sc1.sid
- LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM sc WHERE cid=2) sc2 ON s.sid = sc2.sid
- LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM sc WHERE cid=3) sc3 ON s.sid = sc3.sid
- WHERE (sc1.cid IS NULL OR sc2.cid IS NULL OR sc3.cid IS NULL);
- -- 上面写法比较繁琐,建议用楼下写法
- -- 第二种写法:
- -- 第一步:先把三个课程都学的学员编号查出来
- SELECT sc1.sid FROM sc sc1,sc sc2,sc sc3
- WHERE (sc1.cid=1 AND sc2.cid =2 AND sc3.cid =3 AND sc1.sid=sc2.sid AND sc1.sid = sc3.sid);
- -- 第二步:对立的查询思路,三个课程都学完的同学对立面是三个课程没学完或者一个都没学的
- SELECT s.* FROM student s WHERE s.sid NOT IN
- (SELECT sc1.sid FROM sc sc1,sc sc2,sc sc3
- WHERE (sc1.cid=1 AND sc2.cid =2 AND sc3.cid =3 AND sc1.sid=sc2.sid AND sc1.sid = sc3.sid))
- GROUP BY s.sid;
(11)查询至少有一门课与学号为"1"的同学所学相同的同学的信息
- SELECT DISTINCT s.* FROM student s,sc sc1 WHERE
- s.sid=sc1.sid AND sc1.cid IN(SELECT cid FROM sc WHERE sid=1) AND s.sid<> 1;
(12)查询和"1"号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息
- -- 第一步:先查出1号同学学习的所有的课程编号
- -- 当前数据设计1号同学选修了所有课程
- SELECT cid FROM sc WHERE sid=1;
-
- -- 第二步:查出选修了1号学生没有选修课程的学生编号,这一步很关键,我们用cid去过滤,所以后面再用not in的时候那个子集里一定有和1号学生选修的课程完全相同的同学
- -- 因为1号同学选修了所有课程,所以没有符合条件的学生编号
- SELECT sid FROM sc WHERE cid NOT IN (SELECT cid FROM sc WHERE sid=1);
- -- 如果查询结果中有重复的sid,因为有的同学选修的1号同学没选的课程不止一门,可以使用distinct对sid进行去重处理
-
- -- 第三步:查询选修的课程是1号学生选修课程的子集的学生编号
- -- 因为第二步查出的是选修了1号学生没有选修课程的学生编号,逆向思维,再用not in,双重否定变肯定,查出的就是和1号同学有一门、多门、或者全部课程的同学编号
- -- 可以使用distinct对sid进行去重处理
- SELECT sid FROM sc WHERE sid NOT IN (SELECT sid FROM sc WHERE cid NOT IN (SELECT cid FROM sc WHERE sid=1));
-
- -- 第四步:从上述查询结果中,筛选出选修的课程数量与1号学生选修的课程数量相等的其他学生的编号
- SELECT sid FROM sc WHERE sid NOT IN
- (SELECT sid FROM sc WHERE cid NOT IN (SELECT cid FROM sc WHERE sid=1))
- GROUP BY sid
- HAVING COUNT(*) = (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sc WHERE sid =1) AND sid <>1;
-
- -- COUNT(*):统计返回的行数 当sid=1时,有3行数据
- SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sc WHERE sid=1; -- 3
-
- -- 第五步:以上述查询结果为筛选条件,从student表中查询出与1号学生学习的课程完全相同的其他学生的信息
- SELECT s.* FROM student s WHERE sid IN
- (SELECT sid FROM sc WHERE sid NOT IN
- (SELECT sid FROM sc WHERE cid NOT IN (SELECT cid FROM sc WHERE sid=1))
- GROUP BY sid
- HAVING COUNT(*) = (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sc WHERE sid =1) AND sid <>1);
- /*第十二题思路总结:
- 01号之外的其他学生可以分成两个大类,一类是选修了01号学生没有选修的课程的学生
- 另一类学生选修的课程是01号学生选修的课程的子集,这个子集是选修了和1号学生里的一门、多门、
- 采用逆向思维,可以先找出选修了01号学生没选课程的学生编号,然后以01号学生选修的课程数量为筛选条件,
- 从剩下的选修的课程是01号学生选修的课程的子集这类学生中筛选出与01号学生所选课程完全相同的学生编号,
- 此编号包含了01,以剔除了01之后的编号为筛选条件
- 从student表中选出和01号同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息*/
(13)查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生信息
- -- 第一步:张三老师tid是1,cid是2,逆向思维,查询学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生编号
- SELECT sc1.sid FROM sc sc1,course c,teacher t WHERE
- t.tid = c.tid AND sc1.cid = c.cid AND t.tname='张三';
- -- 第二步:以上查询结果为筛选条件,从student表中查询出没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生信息
- SELECT s.* FROM student s WHERE s.sid NOT IN
- (SELECT sc1.sid FROM sc sc1,course c,teacher t WHERE
- t.tid = c.tid AND sc1.cid = c.cid AND t.tname='张三');
(14)查询出只有两门课程的全部学生信息
SELECT s.* FROM student s,sc GROUP BY sc.sid HAVING COUNT(sc.sid)=2 AND s.sid=sc.sid;
(15)查询1990年出生的学生信息(注:student表中sage列的类型是datetime)
- -- 第一种写法:
- SELECT s.* FROM student s WHERE s.sage>='1990-01-01' AND s.sage<='1990-12-31';
- -- 第二种写法:模糊查询
- SELECT s.* FROM student s WHERE s.sage LIKE '1990-%';
(16)查询每门课程的平均成绩,结果按平均成绩降序排列,平均成绩相同时,按课程编号升序排列
- SELECT sc.cid,AVG(score) AS avg_score FROM sc
- GROUP BY sc.cid ORDER BY avg_score DESC,sc.cid ASC;
(17)查询任何一门课程成绩在70分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数
- SELECT s.sname,c.cname,sc.score FROM student s,course c,sc
- WHERE s.sid = sc.sid AND sc.cid = c.cid AND sc.score >=70;
(18)查询平均成绩大于等于85的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩,并按照平均成绩降序排列
- SELECT s.sid,s.sname,AVG(score) AS avg_score FROM student s,sc
- WHERE s.sid = sc.sid GROUP BY s.sid HAVING avg_score >=85 ORDER BY avg_score DESC;
(19)查询成绩不及格的课程和学生姓名
- SELECT s.sname,c.cname,sc.score FROM student s,course c,sc
- WHERE s.sid=sc.sid AND sc.cid=c.cid AND sc.score<60;
(20)查询课程编号为1且课程成绩在80分以上的学生的学号和姓名
- SELECT s.sid,s.sname FROM student s,sc WHERE
- s.sid=sc.sid AND sc.cid =1 AND sc.score>=80 GROUP BY s.`sid`;
(21)求每门课程的学生人数
SELECT cid AS '课程编号',COUNT(sid)AS '课程人数' FROM sc GROUP BY sc.cid;
(22)统计每门课程的学生选修人数(超过5人的课程才统计)。要求输出课程号和选修人数
SELECT cid AS '课程编号',COUNT(sid)AS '课程人数' FROM sc GROUP BY sc.cid HAVING COUNT(sid)>5 ORDER BY COUNT(sid),sc.cid ASC;
(23)查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩
- SELECT s1.sid,sc1.cid,sc1.score,s2.sid,sc2.cid,sc2.score FROM student s1,student s2,sc sc1,sc sc2
- WHERE s1.sid=sc1.sid AND s2.sid=sc2.sid AND sc1.cid <>sc2.cid AND sc1.score = sc2.score;
(24)检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号
SELECT sid FROM sc GROUP BY sc.sid HAVING COUNT(cid)>=2;
(25)查询选修了全部课程的学生信息
SELECT * FROM student s,sc WHERE s.sid =sc.sid GROUP BY s.sid HAVING COUNT(cid)=3;
(26)查询各学生的年龄(年龄保留整数)
SELECT s.sname,ROUND((TO_DAYS('2020-06-11')-TO_DAYS(s.sage))/365) AS age FROM student s;
(27)查询本月过生日的学生姓名和出生年月
- -- _____ :五个下划线长度
- SELECT s.sname,s.sage FROM student s WHERE s.sage LIKE '_____07%';
(28)查询下月过生日的学生
SELECT s.sname,s.sage FROM student s WHERE s.sage LIKE '_____08%';
(29)查询学全所有课程的同学的信息
- SELECT s.* FROM student s,sc WHERE
- s.sid=sc.sid GROUP BY s.sid HAVING COUNT(sc.cid)=3;
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