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原理:
立体图形从一个方向只能看到三个面,于是我们通过echarts图表实现 顶部,明面,和暗面。
效果图如下:
需要四份数据,两个柱子的数据+X轴数据+颜色数据,
通过setData和setColor生成需要的数据,横向柱状图同理,参照代码中注释。
以下是完整案例代码:
- <!DOCTYPE html>
- <html>
- <head>
- <meta charset="utf8"></meta>
- <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/echarts/5.4.2/echarts.min.js"></script>
- </head>
- <style>
- * {
- margin: 0;
- padding: 0;
- box-sizing: border-box;
- }
- .border {
- border: 1px solid #000;
- }
-
- .left {
- width: 25%;
- height: 100%;
- margin: 0 auto;
- }
- </style>
- <body>
- <div class="left border">
- <div id="litiBar1" style="width:100%;height:400px;background-color: #000;"></div>
- </div>
- </body>
- <script type="text/javascript">
- //组织数据
- let setData = function(data, constData, showData) {
- data.filter(function(item) {
- if (item) {
- constData.push(1);
- showData.push(item);
- } else {
- constData.push(0);
- showData.push({
- value: 1,
- itemStyle: {
- normal: {
- borderColor: "rgba(0,0,0,0)",
- borderWidth: 2,
- color: "rgba(0,0,0,0)",
- },
- },
- });
- }
- });
- }
- //组织颜色
- let setColor = function(colorArr) {
- let color = {
- type: "linear",
- x: 0,
- x2: 1,
- y: 0,
- y2: 0,
- /* 此处决定阴暗面 若为横向柱状图则x,y轴调换
- x: 0,
- x2: 0,
- y: 0,
- y2: 1, */
- colorStops: [{
- offset: 0,
- color: colorArr[0],
- },
- {
- offset: 0.5,
- color: colorArr[0],
- },
- {
- offset: 0.5,
- color: colorArr[1],
- },
- {
- offset: 1,
- color: colorArr[1],
- },
- ],
- };
- return color
- }
-
- var vehicle = [45, 25, 48, 62, 35]
- var controlBall = [23, 12, 52, 14, 9]
-
- var barWidth = 30;
- var constData1 = [];
- var showData1 = [];
-
-
- var constData2 = [];
- var showData2 = [];
-
- setData(vehicle, constData1, showData1)
- setData(controlBall, constData2, showData2)
-
- var colorArr1 = ["#345A8B", "#387ABD", "#51C0DB"];
- var colorArr2 = ["#51C0DB", "#42D9D6", "#45F5F1"];
-
- var color1 = setColor(colorArr1)
- var color2 = setColor(colorArr2)
-
-
-
-
-
- var option = {
- tooltip: {
- trigger: 'axis',
- axisPointer: {
- type: 'shadow'
- }
- },
- legend: {
- show: false
- },
- grid: {
- top: '15%',
- bottom: '15%'
- },
- xAxis: {
- type: 'category',
- axisLabel: {
- color: '#FFFFFF'
- },
- axisLine: {
- show: true,
- lineStyle: {
- color: '#1B3F66'
- }
- },
- axisTick: {
- show: false
- },
- data: ['合肥', '安庆', '芜湖', '南京', '杭州']
- },
- yAxis: {
- type: 'value',
- axisLabel: {
- color: '#FFFFFF'
- },
- axisLine: {
- show: true,
- lineStyle: {
- color: '#1B3F66'
- }
- },
- splitLine: {
- lineStyle: {
- color: '#1B3F66'
- }
- }
- },
- series: [{
- z: 1,
- type: 'bar',
- name: '柱子1',
- barGap: "15%", //相邻柱子间距
- itemStyle: {
- borderRadius: [0, 0, 0, 0],//柱子四周圆角
- color: color1//柱子左右颜色(深,浅)
- },
- data: vehicle //Y轴上的高度
- },
- // ---------------------------------------------
- {
- z: 2,
- name: '柱子1',
- type: "pictorialBar",
- data: constData1,//此数据对应底部组件
- symbol: "diamond",//底部组件形状,不写默认为椭圆
- symbolOffset: ["-58%", "50%"],//与柱子的偏移角度
- symbolSize: [25, 10],//底面[宽,高]
- itemStyle: {
- normal: {
- color: color1//底面左右颜色(深,浅)
- },
- },
- tooltip: {
- show: false,
- },
- },
- {
- z: 3,
- name: '柱子1',
- type: "pictorialBar",
- symbolPosition: "end",
- data: showData1,//此数据对应顶部组件
- symbol: "diamond",
- symbolOffset: ["-55%", "-50%"],
- symbolSize: [barWidth - 4, (10 * (barWidth - 4)) / barWidth],
- itemStyle: {
- normal: {
- /* borderColor: colorArr1[2],
- borderWidth: 2, */ //加上棱角分明
- color: colorArr1[2]
- },
- },
- tooltip: {
- show: false,
- },
- }, {
- z: 1,
- type: 'bar',
- name: '柱子2',
- itemStyle: {
- borderRadius: [0, 0, 0, 0],
- color: color2
- },
- data: controlBall
- },
- {
- z: 2,
- name: '柱子2',
- type: "pictorialBar",
- data: constData2,
- symbol: "diamond",
- symbolOffset: ["58%", "50%"],
- symbolSize: [25, 10], //=========================
- itemStyle: {
- normal: {
- color: color2
- },
- },
- tooltip: {
- show: false,
- },
- },
- {
- z: 3,
- name: '柱子2',
- type: "pictorialBar",
- symbolPosition: "end",
- data: showData2,
- symbol: "diamond",
- symbolOffset: ["58%", "-50%"],
- symbolSize: [barWidth - 4, (10 * (barWidth - 4)) / barWidth],
- itemStyle: {
- normal: {
- /* borderColor: colorArr2[2],
- borderWidth: 2, */
- color: colorArr2[2]
- },
- },
- tooltip: {
- show: false,
- },
- }
- ]
- }
- let chart1 = echarts.init(document.querySelector("#litiBar1"))
- chart1.setOption(option)
-
- </script>
-
-
- </html>
3D饼图没有标签,实现方式是将2d饼图,旋转一定角度覆盖于3D表面,如果有好的方法,欢迎评论区留下链接
注意:需要引入与echarts版本对应的echarts-gl
效果图如下:
完整代码实例:(根据需要自行调整)
- <!DOCTYPE html>
- <html lang="en">
-
- <head>
- <meta charset="UTF-8">
- <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
- <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
- <title>Ehcarts Demo</title>
- <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/echarts/4.3.0/echarts.min.js"></script>
- <script src="https://echarts.baidu.com/resource/echarts-gl-latest/dist/echarts-gl.min.js"></script>
- </head>
-
- <body>
- <div class="container">
- <div id="chartsContent" style="width:560px;height:150px;"></div>
- </div>
- <script>
- var myChart = echarts.init(document.getElementById('chartsContent'));
- // 生成扇形的曲面参数方程,用于 series-surface.parametricEquation
- function getParametricEquation(startRatio, endRatio, isSelected, isHovered) {
- // 计算
- let midRatio = (startRatio + endRatio) / 2;
-
- let startRadian = startRatio * Math.PI * 2;
- let endRadian = endRatio * Math.PI * 2;
- let midRadian = midRatio * Math.PI * 2;
-
- // 如果只有一个扇形,则不实现选中效果。
- if (startRatio === 0 && endRatio === 1) {
- isSelected = false;
- }
-
- // 计算选中效果分别在 x 轴、y 轴方向上的位移(位移均为 0)
- let offsetX = 0;
- let offsetY = 0;
- // 计算选中效果在 z 轴方向上的位移(未选中,位移均为 0)
- let offsetZ = isSelected ? 0.25 : 0;
- // 计算高亮效果的放大比例(未高亮,则比例为 1)
- let hoverRate = isHovered ? 1.05 : 1;
-
- let tmp = 0;
-
- // 返回曲面参数方程
- return {
- u: {
- min: 0,
- max: Math.PI * 2,
- step: Math.PI / 100,
- },
-
- v: {
- min: 0,
- max: Math.PI,
- step: Math.PI / 50,
- },
-
- x: function (u, v) {
- if (midRatio - 0.5 < 0) {
- if (u < startRadian || u > midRadian + Math.PI) {
- tmp =
- u - Math.PI - midRadian < 0
- ? u + Math.PI - midRadian
- : u - Math.PI - midRadian;
- return (
- offsetX +
- ((Math.sin(startRadian) * tmp) /
- (Math.PI - midRadian + startRadian)) *
- hoverRate
- );
- }
- if (u > endRadian && u < midRadian + Math.PI) {
- tmp = midRadian + Math.PI - u;
- return (
- offsetX +
- ((Math.sin(endRadian) * tmp) /
- (Math.PI - midRadian + startRadian)) *
- hoverRate
- );
- }
- } else {
- if (u < startRadian && u > midRadian - Math.PI) {
- tmp = u + Math.PI - midRadian;
- return (
- offsetX +
- ((Math.sin(startRadian) * tmp) /
- (Math.PI - midRadian + startRadian)) *
- hoverRate
- );
- }
- if (u > endRadian || u < midRadian - Math.PI) {
- tmp =
- midRadian - Math.PI - u < 0
- ? midRadian + Math.PI - u
- : midRadian - Math.PI - u;
- return (
- offsetX +
- ((Math.sin(endRadian) * tmp) /
- (Math.PI - midRadian + startRadian)) *
- hoverRate
- );
- }
- }
- return offsetX + Math.sin(v) * Math.sin(u) * hoverRate;
- },
-
- y: function (u, v) {
- if (midRatio - 0.5 < 0) {
- if (u < startRadian || u > midRadian + Math.PI) {
- tmp =
- u - Math.PI - midRadian < 0
- ? u + Math.PI - midRadian
- : u - Math.PI - midRadian;
- return (
- offsetY +
- ((Math.cos(startRadian) * tmp) /
- (Math.PI - midRadian + startRadian)) *
- hoverRate
- );
- }
- if (u > endRadian && u < midRadian + Math.PI) {
- tmp = midRadian + Math.PI - u;
- return (
- offsetY +
- ((Math.cos(endRadian) * tmp) /
- (Math.PI - midRadian + startRadian)) *
- hoverRate
- );
- }
- } else {
- if (u < startRadian && u > midRadian - Math.PI) {
- tmp = u + Math.PI - midRadian;
- return (
- offsetY +
- ((Math.cos(startRadian) * tmp) /
- (Math.PI - midRadian + startRadian)) *
- hoverRate
- );
- }
- if (u > endRadian || u < midRadian - Math.PI) {
- tmp =
- midRadian - Math.PI - u < 0
- ? midRadian + Math.PI - u
- : midRadian - Math.PI - u;
- return (
- offsetY +
- ((Math.cos(endRadian) * tmp) /
- (Math.PI - midRadian + startRadian)) *
- hoverRate
- );
- }
- }
- return offsetY + Math.sin(v) * Math.cos(u) * hoverRate;
- },
-
- z: function (u, v) {
- return offsetZ + (Math.cos(v) > 0 ? 0.1 : -0.1);
- },
- };
- }
- // 生成模拟 3D 饼图的配置项
- function getPie3D(pieData) {
- let series = [];
- let sumValue = 0;
- let startValue = 0;
- let endValue = 0;
- let legendData = [];
- // 为每一个饼图数据,生成一个 series-surface 配置
- for (let i = 0; i < pieData.length; i++) {
- sumValue += pieData[i].value;
- let seriesItem = {
- name:
- typeof pieData[i].name === "undefined"
- ? `series${i}`
- : pieData[i].name,
- type: "surface",
- parametric: true,
- wireframe: {
- show: false,
- },
- pieData: pieData[i],
- pieStatus: {
- selected: false,
- hovered: false,
- },
- };
-
- if (typeof pieData[i].itemStyle != "undefined") {
- let itemStyle = {};
- if (typeof pieData[i].itemStyle.color != "undefined") {
- itemStyle.color = pieData[i].itemStyle.color;
- }
- if (typeof pieData[i].itemStyle.opacity != "undefined") {
- itemStyle.opacity = pieData[i].itemStyle.opacity;
- }
- seriesItem.itemStyle = itemStyle;
- }
- series.push(seriesItem);
- }
- // 使用上一次遍历时,计算出的数据和 sumValue,调用 getParametricEquation 函数,
- // 向每个 series-surface 传入不同的参数方程 series-surface.parametricEquation,也就是实现每一个扇形。
- for (let i = 0; i < series.length; i++) {
- endValue = startValue + series[i].pieData.value;
- series[i].pieData.startRatio = startValue / sumValue;
- series[i].pieData.endRatio = endValue / sumValue;
- series[i].parametricEquation = getParametricEquation(
- series[i].pieData.startRatio,
- series[i].pieData.endRatio,
- false,
- false
- );
- startValue = endValue;
- legendData.push(series[i].name);
- }
- // 补充一个透明的圆环,用于支撑高亮功能的近似实现。
- series.push({
- name: "mouseoutSeries",
- type: "surface",
- parametric: true,
- wireframe: {
- show: false,
- },
- itemStyle: {
- opacity: 0,
- },
- parametricEquation: {
- u: {
- min: 0,
- max: Math.PI * 2,
- step: Math.PI / 20,
- },
- v: {
- min: 0,
- max: Math.PI,
- step: Math.PI / 20,
- },
- x: function (u, v) {
- return Math.sin(v) * Math.sin(u) + Math.sin(u);
- },
- y: function (u, v) {
- return Math.sin(v) * Math.cos(u) + Math.cos(u);
- },
- z: function (u, v) {
- return Math.cos(v) > 0 ? 0.1 : -0.1;
- },
- },
- });
- // 准备待返回的配置项,把准备好的 legendData、series 传入。
- let option = {
- legend: {
- show: false,
- data: legendData,
- },
- xAxis3D: {
- min: -1,
- max: 1,
- },
- yAxis3D: {
- min: -1,
- max: 1,
- },
- zAxis3D: {
- min: -1,
- max: 1,
- },
- grid3D: {
- show: false,
- boxHeight: 200, // 厚度
- top: 4,
- left: 0,
- boxWidth: 244,
- viewControl: {
- //3d效果可以放大、旋转等,请自己去查看官方配置
- alpha: 45, // 角度
- beta: 0, // 饼块开始位置角度
- rotateSensitivity: 0,
- zoomSensitivity: 0,
- panSensitivity: 0,
- autoRotate: false,
- },
- light: {
- main: {
- color: "rgb(85, 84, 84)", // 主光源的颜色。
- shadow: true, // 主光源是否投射阴影
- alpha: 80, // 主光源绕 x 轴,即上下旋转的角度
- },
- },
- },
- series: series,
- };
- return option;
- }
-
- // 监听鼠标事件,实现饼图选中效果(单选),近似实现高亮(放大)效果。
- let selectedIndex = '';
- let hoveredIndex = '';
-
- // 监听点击事件,实现选中效果(单选)
- myChart.on('click', function (params) {
- // 从 option.series 中读取重新渲染扇形所需的参数,将是否选中取反。
- let isSelected = !option.series[params.seriesIndex].pieStatus.selected;
- let isHovered = option.series[params.seriesIndex].pieStatus.hovered;
- let startRatio = option.series[params.seriesIndex].pieData.startRatio;
- let endRatio = option.series[params.seriesIndex].pieData.endRatio;
-
- // 如果之前选中过其他扇形,将其取消选中(对 option 更新)
- if (selectedIndex !== '' && selectedIndex !== params.seriesIndex) {
- option.series[selectedIndex].parametricEquation = getParametricEquation(option.series[selectedIndex].pieData.startRatio, option.series[selectedIndex].pieData.endRatio, false, false);
- option.series[selectedIndex].pieStatus.selected = false;
- }
-
- // 对当前点击的扇形,执行选中/取消选中操作(对 option 更新)
- option.series[params.seriesIndex].parametricEquation = getParametricEquation(startRatio, endRatio, isSelected, isHovered);
- option.series[params.seriesIndex].pieStatus.selected = isSelected;
-
- // 如果本次是选中操作,记录上次选中的扇形对应的系列号 seriesIndex
- isSelected ? selectedIndex = params.seriesIndex : null;
-
- console.log('option-click: ', option)
- // 使用更新后的 option,渲染图表
- myChart.setOption(option);
- });
-
- // 监听 mouseover,近似实现高亮(放大)效果
-
- myChart.on('mouseover', function (params) {
-
- // 准备重新渲染扇形所需的参数
- let isSelected;
- let isHovered;
- let startRatio;
- let endRatio;
-
- // 如果触发 mouseover 的扇形当前已高亮,则不做操作
- if (hoveredIndex === params.seriesIndex) {
- return;
- // 否则进行高亮及必要的取消高亮操作
- } else {
- // 如果当前有高亮的扇形,取消其高亮状态(对 option 更新)
- if (hoveredIndex !== '') {
- // 从 option.series 中读取重新渲染扇形所需的参数,将是否高亮设置为 false。
- isSelected = option.series[hoveredIndex].pieStatus.selected;
- isHovered = false;
- startRatio = option.series[hoveredIndex].pieData.startRatio;
- endRatio = option.series[hoveredIndex].pieData.endRatio;
-
- // 对当前点击的扇形,执行取消高亮操作(对 option 更新)
- option.series[hoveredIndex].parametricEquation = getParametricEquation(startRatio, endRatio, isSelected, isHovered);
- option.series[hoveredIndex].pieStatus.hovered = isHovered;
-
- // 将此前记录的上次选中的扇形对应的系列号 seriesIndex 清空
- hoveredIndex = '';
- }
-
- // 如果触发 mouseover 的扇形不是透明圆环,将其高亮(对 option 更新)
- if (params.seriesName !== 'mouseoutSeries') {
- // 从 option.series 中读取重新渲染扇形所需的参数,将是否高亮设置为 true。
- isSelected = option.series[params.seriesIndex].pieStatus.selected;
- isHovered = true;
- startRatio = option.series[params.seriesIndex].pieData.startRatio;
- endRatio = option.series[params.seriesIndex].pieData.endRatio;
-
- // 对当前点击的扇形,执行高亮操作(对 option 更新)
- option.series[params.seriesIndex].parametricEquation = getParametricEquation(startRatio, endRatio, isSelected, isHovered);
- option.series[params.seriesIndex].pieStatus.hovered = isHovered;
-
- // 记录上次高亮的扇形对应的系列号 seriesIndex
- hoveredIndex = params.seriesIndex;
- }
- // 使用更新后的 option,渲染图表
- myChart.setOption(option);
- }
- });
-
- // 修正取消高亮失败的 bug
- myChart.on('globalout', function () {
-
-
- if (hoveredIndex !== '') {
- // 从 option.series 中读取重新渲染扇形所需的参数,将是否高亮设置为 true。
- isSelected = option.series[hoveredIndex].pieStatus.selected;
- isHovered = false;
- startRatio = option.series[hoveredIndex].pieData.startRatio;
- endRatio = option.series[hoveredIndex].pieData.endRatio;
-
- // 对当前点击的扇形,执行取消高亮操作(对 option 更新)
- option.series[hoveredIndex].parametricEquation = getParametricEquation(startRatio, endRatio, isSelected, isHovered);
- option.series[hoveredIndex].pieStatus.hovered = isHovered;
-
- // 将此前记录的上次选中的扇形对应的系列号 seriesIndex 清空
- hoveredIndex = '';
- }
-
- // 使用更新后的 option,渲染图表
- myChart.setOption(option);
- });
-
- const colorList = ['#D98053', '#E2B062', '#5A9CF1', '#6ED3D3']
- const dataSource = [{
- name: "啤酒",
- value: 25,
- },
- {
- name: "高粱酒",
- value: 25,
- },
- {
- name: "桃花酿",
- value: 30,
- },
- {
- name: "白酒",
- value: 20,
- }]
- const paramsList = dataSource.map((item, index) => {
- return {
- ...item,
- shading: 'realistic',
- itemStyle: {
- color: colorList[index]
- },
- }
- })
- // 传入数据生成 option
- let option = getPie3D(paramsList);
-
- // 是否需要label指引线,如果要就添加一个透明的2d饼状图并调整角度使得labelLine和3d的饼状图对齐,并再次setOption
- option.series.push({
- name: '酒水销售占比', //自己根据场景修改
- type: 'pie',
- hoverAnimation: false,// 悬停不放大
- label: {
- // position: "bottom",
- formatter: function (params) {
- return `{percentSty|${params.percent}%}\n{nameSty|${params.name}}`;
- },
- rich: {
- nameSty: {
- fontSize: 16,
- lineHeight: 22,
- fontFamily: "PingFangSC-Regular",
- fintWeight: 400,
- },
- percentSty: {
- fontSize: 14,
- lineHeight: 20,
- fontFamily: "PingFangSC-Regular",
- fintWeight: 400,
- color: '#FFFFFF',
- },
- countSty: {
- fontSize: 14,
- lineHeight: 20,
- fontFamily: "PingFangSC-Regular",
- fintWeight: 400,
- color: '#B9D3ED',
- padding: [0, 8, 0, 8],
- backgroundColor: 'rgb(90,156,241,0.3)',
- borderRadius: 2,
- },
- },
- },
- labelLine: {
- showAbove: false,
- length: 20, // 视觉引导线第一段的长度
- length2: 40, // 视觉引导项第二段的长度
- lineStyle: {
- color: "#686868", // 改变标示线的颜色
- width: 1,
- type: 'solid', // 线的类型
- },
- },
- startAngle: 60, // 起始角度,支持范围[0, 360]。
- clockwise: true, // 饼图的扇区是否是顺时针排布。上述这两项配置主要是为了对齐3d的样式
- /* radius: ['40%', '52%'],
- center: ['50%', '53%'], */
- data: paramsList,
- itemStyle: {
- opacity: 0 //这里必须是0,不然2d的图会覆盖在表面
- }
- })
- console.log('demo配置参数',option);
- myChart.setOption(option)
- </script>
- <style>
- .container {
- width: 560px;
- height: 164px;
- background-color: #000000;
- position: relative;
- }
-
- .imgContent {
- width: 164px;
- height: 86px;
- position: absolute;
- left: 50%;
- top: 50%;
- transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
- z-index: 5;
- }
- </style>
- </body>
-
- </html>
更多参数配置,前往echarts官网查询,传送门
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