作业九——类

     该章主要讲述了如何使用类，构造类，还有关于类的继承的问题。

  

9-1 餐馆

    题目描述：      

           创建一个名为Restaurant 的类，其方法__init__() 设置两个属性：restaurant_name 和cuisine_type 。创建一个名
为describe_restaurant() 的方法和一个名为open_restaurant() 的方法，其中前者打印前述两项信息，而后者打印一条消息，指出餐馆正在营业。

    INPUT：

            None

    OUTPUT：    

            None

    代码展示：

class Restaurant():
    def __init__(self, restaurant_name, cuisine_type):
        self.restaurant_name = restaurant_name
        self.cuisine_type = cuisine_type
 
    def describe_restaurant(self):
        print("The name of this restaurant is " + self.restaurant_name + ".")
        print("The cuisine type of this restaurant is " + self.cuisine_type + ".")
 
    def open_restaurant(self):
        print(self.restaurant_name.title() + " is open now!")

 

9-4 就餐人数

    题目描述：

          在为完成练习9-1而编写的程序中，添加一个名为number_served 的属性，并将其默认值设置为0。根据这个类创建一个名为restaurant 的实例；打印有多少人在这家餐馆就餐过，然后修改这个值并再次打印它。
           添加一个名为set_number_served() 的方法，它让你能够设置就餐人数。调用这个方法并向它传递一个值，然后再次打印这个值。
           添加一个名为increment_number_served() 的方法，它让你能够将就餐人数递增。调用这个方法并向它传递一个这样的值：你认为这家餐馆每天可能接待的就餐人数。

    INPUT：

            None

    OUTPUT：    

The name of this restaurant is Sunny.
The cuisine type of this restaurant is BBQ.
The number of this restaurant served is 0.
 
After setting:
The name of this restaurant is Sunny.
The cuisine type of this restaurant is BBQ.
The number of this restaurant served is 59.
 
After increment:
The name of this restaurant is Sunny.
The cuisine type of this restaurant is BBQ.
The number of this restaurant served is 60.

    代码展示：

class Restaurant():
    def __init__(self, restaurant_name, cuisine_type):
        self.restaurant_name = restaurant_name
        self.cuisine_type = cuisine_type
        self.number_served = 0
 
    def describe_restaurant(self):
        print("The name of this restaurant is " + self.restaurant_name + ".")
        print("The cuisine type of this restaurant is " + self.cuisine_type + ".")
        print("The number of this restaurant served is " + str(self.number_served) + ".")
 
    def open_restaurant(self):
        print(self.restaurant_name.title() + " is open now!")
 
    def set_number_served(self, num):
        self.number_served = num
 
    def increment_number_served(self):
        self.number_served = self.number_served + 1
 
 
SunnyRestaurant = Restaurant("Sunny", "BBQ")
SunnyRestaurant.describe_restaurant()
 
SunnyRestaurant.set_number_served(59)
print("\nAfter setting:")
SunnyRestaurant.describe_restaurant()
 
SunnyRestaurant.increment_number_served()
print("\nAfter increment:")
SunnyRestaurant.describe_restaurant()

9-13 使用OrderedDict

    题目描述：        

            在练习6-4中，你使用了一个标准字典来表示词汇表。请使用OrderedDict 类来重写这个程序，并确认输出的顺序与你在字典中添加键
—值对的顺序一致。

    INPUT：

            None

    OUTPUT：    

Cuisine : a style or method of cooking, especially as characteristic of a particular country, region, or establishment.
Strict : demanding that rules concerning behavior are obeyed and observed.
Confine : keep or restrict someone or something within certain limits of
Quick : moving fast or doing something in a short time.
Language : The system of communication used by a particular community or country.

    代码展示：

from collections import OrderedDict
 
dictionary = OrderedDict()
dictionary['cuisine'] = 'a style or method of cooking, especially as characteristic ' \
                        'of a particular country, region, or establishment.'
dictionary['strict'] = 'demanding that rules concerning behavior are obeyed and observed.'
dictionary['confine'] = 'keep or restrict someone or something within certain limits ' \
                        'of'
dictionary['quick'] = 'moving fast or doing something in a short time.'
dictionary['language'] = 'The system of communication used by a particular community or ' \
                         'country.'
 
for key, item in dictionary.items():
    print(key.title() + " : " + item)

9-14 骰子 

    题目描述：

          模块random 包含以各种方式生成随机数的函数，其中的randint() 返回一个位于指定范围内的整数，例如，下面的代码返回一个1~6内的整数：
            from random import randint
             x = randint(1, 6)
            请创建一个Die 类，它包含一个名为sides 的属性，该属性的默认值为6。编写一个名为roll_die() 的方法，它打印位于1和骰子面数之间的随机数。创建一个6面的骰子，再掷10次。 创建一个10面的骰子和一个20面的骰子，并将它们都掷10次。

    INPUT：

            None

    OUTPUT：    

This time is 4 !
This time is 4 !
This time is 4 !
This time is 6 !
This time is 6 !
This time is 5 !
This time is 5 !
This time is 5 !
This time is 1 !
This time is 4 !
This time is 5 !
This time is 1 !
This time is 1 !
This time is 2 !
This time is 5 !
This time is 1 !
This time is 3 !
This time is 3 !
This time is 2 !
This time is 2 !

    代码展示：

from random import randint
 
class Die():
    def __init__(self):
        self.sides = 6
 
    def roll_die(self):
        print("This time is " + str(randint(1, 6)) + " !")
 
 
tmp = Die()
for i in range(0, 20):
    tmp.roll_die()