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散列表(Hash table,也叫哈希表),使用哈希函数(Hash Function)将键(Key)转换为数组的索引,根据Key value而直接进行访问的数据结构,以此来实现快速的插入、删除和查找操作。它通过把关键码值映射到表中一个位置来访问记录(类似索引),以加快查找的速度。这个映射函数叫做散列函数,存放记录的数组叫做散列表。
我们定义完整的哈希表 HashTable.java
import java.util.TreeMap;
public class HashTable<K, V> {
private static final int upperTol = 10;
private static final int lowerTol = 2;
private static final int initCapacity = 7;
private TreeMap<K, V>[] hashtable;
private int M;
private int size;
public HashTable(int M) {
this.M = M;
size = 0;
hashtable = new TreeMap[M];
for (int i = 0; i < M; i++) {
hashtable[i] = new TreeMap<>();
}
}
public HashTable() {
this(initCapacity);
}
private int hash(K key) {
return (key.hashCode() & 0x7fffffff) % M;
}
public int getSize() {
return size;
}
public void add(K key, V value) {
TreeMap<K, V> map = hashtable[hash(key)];
if (!map.containsKey(key)){
map.put(key, value);
size ++;
if(size >= upperTol * M)
resize(2 * M);
}
}
public V remove(K key) {
TreeMap<K, V> map = hashtable[hash(key)];
V ret = null;
if (map.containsKey(key)) {
ret = map.remove(key);
size--;
if (size < lowerTol * M && M / 2 > 0)
resize(M / 2);
}
return ret;
}
public void set(K key, V value) {
TreeMap<K, V> map = hashtable[hash(key)];
if (!map.containsKey(key)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(key + " doesn't exist!");
}
map.put(key, value);
}
public boolean contains(K key) {
return hashtable[hash(key)].containsKey(key);
}
public V get(K key) {
return hashtable[hash(key)].get(key);
}
private void resize(int newM){
TreeMap<K, V>[] newHashTable = new TreeMap[newM];
for(int i = 0 ; i < newM ; i ++)
newHashTable[i] = new TreeMap<>();
for(int i = 0 ; i < M ; i ++)
for(K key: hashtable[i].keySet())
newHashTable[hash(key)].put(key, hashtable[i].get(key));
this.M = newM;
this.hashtable = newHashTable;
}
}
之后对源码进行数据结构拆解
我们定义维护字段和内部类
private static final int upperTol = 10;
private static final int lowerTol = 2;
private static final int initCapacity = 7;
private TreeMap<K, V>[] hashtable;
private int M;
private int size;
定义构造函数:
public HashTable(int M) {
this.M = M;
size = 0;
hashtable = new TreeMap[M];
for (int i = 0; i < M; i++) {
hashtable[i] = new TreeMap<>();
}
}
public HashTable() {
this(initCapacity);
}
public void add(K key, V value) {
TreeMap<K, V> map = hashtable[hash(key)];
if (!map.containsKey(key)){
map.put(key, value);
size ++;
if(size >= upperTol * M)
resize(2 * M);
}
}
public V remove(K key) {
TreeMap<K, V> map = hashtable[hash(key)];
V ret = null;
if (map.containsKey(key)) {
ret = map.remove(key);
size--;
if (size < lowerTol * M && M / 2 > 0)
resize(M / 2);
}
return ret;
}
public void set(K key, V value) {
TreeMap<K, V> map = hashtable[hash(key)];
if (!map.containsKey(key)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(key + " doesn't exist!");
}
map.put(key, value);
}
private void resize(int newM){
TreeMap<K, V>[] newHashTable = new TreeMap[newM];
for(int i = 0 ; i < newM ; i ++)
newHashTable[i] = new TreeMap<>();
for(int i = 0 ; i < M ; i ++)
for(K key: hashtable[i].keySet())
newHashTable[hash(key)].put(key, hashtable[i].get(key));
this.M = newM;
this.hashtable = newHashTable;
}
private int hash(K key) {
return (key.hashCode() & 0x7fffffff) % M;
}
public int getSize() {
return size;
}
public boolean contains(K key) {
return hashtable[hash(key)].containsKey(key);
}
public V get(K key) {
return hashtable[hash(key)].get(key);
}
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