一 介绍
- selenium最初是一个自动化测试工具,而爬虫中使用它主要是为了解决requests无法直接执行JavaScript代码的问题
-
- selenium本质是通过驱动浏览器,完全模拟浏览器的操作,比如跳转、输入、点击、下拉等,来拿到网页渲染之后的结果,可支持多种浏览器
-
- from selenium import webdriver
- browser=webdriver.Chrome()
- browser=webdriver.Firefox()
- browser=webdriver.PhantomJS()
- browser=webdriver.Safari()
- browser=webdriver.Edge()
官网:http://selenium-python.readthedocs.io
二 安装
1、有界面浏览器
- #安装:selenium+chromedriver
- pip3 install selenium
- 下载chromdriver.exe放到python安装路径的scripts目录中即可,注意最新版本是2.38,并非2.9
- 国内镜像网站地址:http://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver/2.38/
- 最新的版本去官网找:https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/chromedriver/downloads
-
- #验证安装
- C:\Users\Administrator>python3
- Python 3.6.1 (v3.6.1:69c0db5, Mar 21 2017, 18:41:36) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
- Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
- >>> from selenium import webdriver
- >>> driver=webdriver.Chrome() #弹出浏览器
- >>> driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')
- >>> driver.page_source
- #注意:
- selenium3默认支持的webdriver是Firfox,而Firefox需要安装geckodriver
- 下载链接:https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases
2、无界面浏览器
PhantomJS不再更新
- #安装:selenium+phantomjs
- pip3 install selenium
- 下载phantomjs,解压后把phantomjs.exe所在的bin目录放到环境变量
- 下载链接:http://phantomjs.org/download.html
-
- #验证安装
- C:\Users\Administrator>phantomjs
- phantomjs> console.log('egon gaga')
- egon gaga
- undefined
- phantomjs> ^C
- C:\Users\Administrator>python3
- Python 3.6.1 (v3.6.1:69c0db5, Mar 21 2017, 18:41:36) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
- Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
- >>> from selenium import webdriver
- >>> driver=webdriver.PhantomJS() #无界面浏览器
- >>> driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')
- >>> driver.page_source
在 PhantomJS 年久失修, 后继无人的节骨眼
Chrome 出来救场, 再次成为了反爬虫 Team 的噩梦
自Google 发布 chrome 59 / 60 正式版 开始便支持Headless mode
这意味着在无 GUI 环境下, PhantomJS 不再是唯一选择
- #selenium:3.12.0
- #webdriver:2.38
- #chrome.exe: 65.0.3325.181(正式版本) (32 位)
-
- from selenium import webdriver
- from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
- chrome_options = Options()
- chrome_options.add_argument('window-size=1920x3000') #指定浏览器分辨率
- chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu') #谷歌文档提到需要加上这个属性来规避bug
- chrome_options.add_argument('--hide-scrollbars') #隐藏滚动条, 应对一些特殊页面
- chrome_options.add_argument('blink-settings=imagesEnabled=false') #不加载图片, 提升速度
- chrome_options.add_argument('--headless') #浏览器不提供可视化页面. linux下如果系统不支持可视化不加这条会启动失败
- chrome_options.binary_location = r"C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe" #手动指定使用的浏览器位置
-
-
- driver=webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)
- driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')
-
- print('hao123' in driver.page_source)
-
- driver.close() #切记关闭浏览器,回收资源
三 基本使用
- from selenium import webdriver
- from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
- from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找,By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
- from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操作
- from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
- from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素
-
- browser=webdriver.Chrome()
- try:
- browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
-
- ```
- input_tag=browser.find_element_by_id('kw')
- input_tag.send_keys('美女') #python2中输入中文错误,字符串前加个u
- input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER) #输入回车
- ```
-
-
- wait=WebDriverWait(browser,10)
- wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'content_left'))) #等到id为content_left的元素加载完毕,最多等10秒
-
- ```
- print(browser.page_source)
- print(browser.current_url)
- print(browser.get_cookies())
- ```
-
- finally:
- browser.close()
四 选择器
一 基本用法
- #官网链接:http://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/locating-elements.html
- from selenium import webdriver
- from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
- from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找,By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
- from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操作
- from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
- from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素
- import time
-
- driver=webdriver.Chrome()
- driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')
- wait=WebDriverWait(driver,10)
-
- try:
- #===============所有方法===================
- # 1、find_element_by_id
- # 2、find_element_by_link_text
- # 3、find_element_by_partial_link_text
- # 4、find_element_by_tag_name
- # 5、find_element_by_class_name
- # 6、find_element_by_name
- # 7、find_element_by_css_selector
- # 8、find_element_by_xpath
- # 强调:
- # 1、上述均可以改写成find_element(By.ID,'kw')的形式
- # 2、find_elements_by_xxx的形式是查找到多个元素,结果为列表
-
- ```
- #===============示范用法===================
- # 1、find_element_by_id
- print(driver.find_element_by_id('kw'))
-
- # 2、find_element_by_link_text
- # login=driver.find_element_by_link_text('登录')
- # login.click()
-
- # 3、find_element_by_partial_link_text
- login=driver.find_elements_by_partial_link_text('录')[0]
- login.click()
-
- # 4、find_element_by_tag_name
- print(driver.find_element_by_tag_name('a'))
-
- # 5、find_element_by_class_name
- button=wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CLASS_NAME,'tang-pass-footerBarULogin')))
- button.click()
-
- # 6、find_element_by_name
- input_user=wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.NAME,'userName')))
- input_pwd=wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.NAME,'password')))
- commit=wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID,'TANGRAM__PSP_10__submit')))
-
- input_user.send_keys('18611453110')
- input_pwd.send_keys('xxxxxx')
- commit.click()
-
- # 7、find_element_by_css_selector
- driver.find_element_by_css_selector('#kw')
-
- # 8、find_element_by_xpath
- ```
-
-
- time.sleep(5)
-
- finally:
- driver.close()
二 xpath
- #官网链接:http://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/locating-elements.html
- from selenium import webdriver
- from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
- from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找,By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
- from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操作
- from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
- from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素
- import time
-
- driver=webdriver.PhantomJS()
- driver.get('https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/_static/selectors-sample1.html')
- # wait=WebDriverWait(driver,3)
- driver.implicitly_wait(3) #使用隐式等待
-
- try:
- # find_element_by_xpath
- #//与/
- # driver.find_element_by_xpath('//body/a') # 开头的//代表从整篇文档中寻找,body之后的/代表body的儿子,这一行找不到就会报错了
-
- driver.find_element_by_xpath('//body//a') # 开头的//代表从整篇文档中寻找,body之后的//代表body的子子孙孙
- driver.find_element_by_css_selector('body a')
-
- ```
- #取第n个
- res1=driver.find_elements_by_xpath('//body//a[1]') #取第一个a标签
- print(res1[0].text)
-
- #按照属性查找,下述三者查找效果一样
- res1=driver.find_element_by_xpath('//a[5]')
- res2=driver.find_element_by_xpath('//a[@href="image5.html"]')
- res3=driver.find_element_by_xpath('//a[contains(@href,"image5")]') #模糊查找
- print('==>', res1.text)
- print('==>',res2.text)
- print('==>',res3.text)
- ```
-
- ```
- #其他
- res1=driver.find_element_by_xpath('/html/body/div/a')
- print(res1.text)
-
- res2=driver.find_element_by_xpath('//a[img/@src="image3_thumb.jpg"]') #找到子标签img的src属性为image3_thumb.jpg的a标签
- print(res2.tag_name,res2.text)
-
- res3 = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@name='continue'][@type='button']") #查看属性name为continue且属性type为button的input标签
- res4 = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@name='continue'][@type='button']") #查看属性name为continue且属性type为button的所有标签
- ```
-
-
-
-
- ```
- time.sleep(5)
- ```
-
- finally:
- driver.close()
- doc='''
- <html>
- <head>
- <base href='http://example.com/' />
- <title>Example website</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- <div id='images'>
- <a href='image1.html'>Name: My image 1 <br /><img src='image1_thumb.jpg' /></a>
- <a href='image2.html'>Name: My image 2 <br /><img src='image2_thumb.jpg' /></a>
- <a href='image3.html'>Name: My image 3 <br /><img src='image3_thumb.jpg' /></a>
- <a href='image4.html'>Name: My image 4 <br /><img src='image4_thumb.jpg' /></a>
- <a href='image5.html' class='li li-item' name='items'>Name: My image 5 <br /><img src='image5_thumb.jpg' /></a>
- <a href='image6.html' name='items'><span><h5>test</h5></span>Name: My image 6 <br /><img src='image6_thumb.jpg' /></a>
- </div>
- </body>
- </html>
- '''
- from lxml import etree
-
- html=etree.HTML(doc)
- # html=etree.parse('search.html',etree.HTMLParser())
- # 1 所有节点
- # a=html.xpath('//*')
- # 2 指定节点(结果为列表)
- # a=html.xpath('//head')
- # 3 子节点,子孙节点
- # a=html.xpath('//div/a')
- # a=html.xpath('//body/a') #无数据
- # a=html.xpath('//body//a')
- # 4 父节点
- # a=html.xpath('//body//a[@href="image1.html"]/..')
- # a=html.xpath('//body//a[1]/..')
- # 也可以这样
- # a=html.xpath('//body//a[1]/parent::*')
- # 5 属性匹配
- # a=html.xpath('//body//a[@href="image1.html"]')
-
- # 6 文本获取
- # a=html.xpath('//body//a[@href="image1.html"]/text()')
-
- # 7 属性获取
- # a=html.xpath('//body//a/@href')
- # # 注意从1 开始取(不是从0)
- # a=html.xpath('//body//a[1]/@href')
- # 8 属性多值匹配
- # a 标签有多个class类,直接匹配就不可以了,需要用contains
- # a=html.xpath('//body//a[@class="li"]')
- # a=html.xpath('//body//a[contains(@class,"li")]')
- # a=html.xpath('//body//a[contains(@class,"li")]/text()')
- # 9 多属性匹配
- # a=html.xpath('//body//a[contains(@class,"li") or @name="items"]')
- # a=html.xpath('//body//a[contains(@class,"li") and @name="items"]/text()')
- # # a=html.xpath('//body//a[contains(@class,"li")]/text()')
- # 10 按序选择
- # a=html.xpath('//a[2]/text()')
- # a=html.xpath('//a[2]/@href')
- # 取最后一个
- # a=html.xpath('//a[last()]/@href')
- # 位置小于3的
- # a=html.xpath('//a[position()<3]/@href')
- # 倒数第二个
- # a=html.xpath('//a[last()-2]/@href')
- # 11 节点轴选择
- # ancestor:祖先节点
- # 使用了* 获取所有祖先节点
- # a=html.xpath('//a/ancestor::*')
- # # 获取祖先节点中的div
- # a=html.xpath('//a/ancestor::div')
- # attribute:属性值
- # a=html.xpath('//a[1]/attribute::*')
- # child:直接子节点
- # a=html.xpath('//a[1]/child::*')
- # descendant:所有子孙节点
- # a=html.xpath('//a[6]/descendant::*')
- # following:当前节点之后所有节点
- # a=html.xpath('//a[1]/following::*')
- # a=html.xpath('//a[1]/following::*[1]/@href')
- # following-sibling:当前节点之后同级节点
- # a=html.xpath('//a[1]/following-sibling::*')
- # a=html.xpath('//a[1]/following-sibling::a')
- # a=html.xpath('//a[1]/following-sibling::*[2]')
- # a=html.xpath('//a[1]/following-sibling::*[2]/@href')
-
- # print(a)
三 获取标签属性
- from selenium import webdriver
- from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
- from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找,By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
- from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操作
- from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
- from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素
-
- browser=webdriver.Chrome()
-
- browser.get('https://www.amazon.cn/')
-
- wait=WebDriverWait(browser,10)
- wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'cc-lm-tcgShowImgContainer')))
-
- tag=browser.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,'#cc-lm-tcgShowImgContainer img')
-
- #获取标签属性,
- print(tag.get_attribute('src'))
-
- #获取标签ID,位置,名称,大小(了解)
- print(tag.id)
- print(tag.location)
- print(tag.tag_name)
- print(tag.size)
-
- browser.close()
五 等待元素被加载
- #1、selenium只是模拟浏览器的行为,而浏览器解析页面是需要时间的(执行css,js),一些元素可能需要过一段时间才能加载出来,为了保证能查找到元素,必须等待
-
- #2、等待的方式分两种:
- 隐式等待:在browser.get('xxx')前就设置,针对所有元素有效
- 显式等待:在browser.get('xxx')之后设置,只针对某个元素有效
- from selenium import webdriver
- from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
- from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找,By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
- from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操作
- from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
- from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素
-
- browser=webdriver.Chrome()
-
- #隐式等待:在查找所有元素时,如果尚未被加载,则等10秒
- browser.implicitly_wait(10)
-
- browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
-
- input_tag=browser.find_element_by_id('kw')
- input_tag.send_keys('美女')
- input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
-
- contents=browser.find_element_by_id('content_left') #没有等待环节而直接查找,找不到则会报错
- print(contents)
-
- browser.close()
- from selenium import webdriver
- from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
- from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找,By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
- from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操作
- from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
- from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素
-
- browser=webdriver.Chrome()
- browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
-
-
-
- input_tag=browser.find_element_by_id('kw')
- input_tag.send_keys('美女')
- input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
-
- #显式等待:显式地等待某个元素被加载
- wait=WebDriverWait(browser,10)
- wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'content_left')))
-
- contents=browser.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,'#content_left')
- print(contents)
-
- browser.close()
六 元素交互操作
- from selenium import webdriver
- from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
- from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找,By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
- from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操作
- from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
- from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素
-
- browser=webdriver.Chrome()
- browser.get('https://www.amazon.cn/')
- wait=WebDriverWait(browser,10)
-
-
-
- input_tag=wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'twotabsearchtextbox')))
- input_tag.send_keys('iphone 8')
- button=browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#nav-search > form > div.nav-right > div > input')
- button.click()
-
- import time
- time.sleep(3)
-
- input_tag=browser.find_element_by_id('twotabsearchtextbox')
- input_tag.clear() #清空输入框
- input_tag.send_keys('iphone7plus')
- button=browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#nav-search > form > div.nav-right > div > input')
- button.click()
-
-
-
- # browser.close()
- from selenium import webdriver
- from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
- from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By # 按照什么方式查找,By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
- from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys # 键盘按键操作
- from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
- from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait # 等待页面加载某些元素
- import time
-
- driver = webdriver.Chrome()
- driver.get('http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable')
- wait=WebDriverWait(driver,3)
- # driver.implicitly_wait(3) # 使用隐式等待
-
- try:
- driver.switch_to.frame('iframeResult') ##切换到iframeResult
- sourse=driver.find_element_by_id('draggable')
- target=driver.find_element_by_id('droppable')
-
- ```
- #方式一:基于同一个动作链串行执行
- # actions=ActionChains(driver) #拿到动作链对象
- # actions.drag_and_drop(sourse,target) #把动作放到动作链中,准备串行执行
- # actions.perform()
-
- #方式二:不同的动作链,每次移动的位移都不同
- ```
-
- ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(sourse).perform()
- distance=target.location['x']-sourse.location['x']
-
- ```
- track=0
- while track < distance:
- ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=2,yoffset=0).perform()
- track+=2
-
- ActionChains(driver).release().perform()
-
- time.sleep(10)
- ```
-
- finally:
- driver.close()
- from selenium import webdriver
- from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
- from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找,By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
- from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操作
- from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
- from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素
-
-
-
- try:
- browser=webdriver.Chrome()
- browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
- browser.execute_script('alert("hello world")') #打印警告
- finally:
- browser.close()
- #frame相当于一个单独的网页,在父frame里是无法直接查看到子frame的元素的,必须switch_to_frame切到该frame下,才能进一步查找
-
- from selenium import webdriver
- from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
- from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找,By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
- from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操作
- from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
- from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素
-
- try:
- browser=webdriver.Chrome()
- browser.get('http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable')
-
- ```
- browser.switch_to.frame('iframeResult') #切换到id为iframeResult的frame
-
- ```
-
-
- tag1=browser.find_element_by_id('droppable')
- print(tag1)
-
- ```
- # tag2=browser.find_element_by_id('textareaCode') #报错,在子frame里无法查看到父frame的元素
- browser.switch_to.parent_frame() #切回父frame,就可以查找到了
- tag2=browser.find_element_by_id('textareaCode')
- print(tag2)
-
- ```
-
- finally:
- browser.close()
七 其他
- #模拟浏览器的前进后退
- import time
- from selenium import webdriver
-
- browser=webdriver.Chrome()
- browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
- browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')
- browser.get('http://www.sina.com.cn/')
-
- browser.back()
- time.sleep(10)
- browser.forward()
- browser.close()
- #cookies
- from selenium import webdriver
-
- browser=webdriver.Chrome()
- browser.get('https://www.zhihu.com/explore')
- print(browser.get_cookies())
- browser.add_cookie({'k1':'xxx','k2':'yyy'})
- print(browser.get_cookies())
-
- # browser.delete_all_cookies()
- #选项卡管理:切换选项卡,有js的方式windows.open,有windows快捷键:ctrl+t等,最通用的就是js的方式
- import time
- from selenium import webdriver
-
- browser=webdriver.Chrome()
- browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
- browser.execute_script('window.open()')
-
- print(browser.window_handles) #获取所有的选项卡
- browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[1])
- browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')
- time.sleep(10)
- browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[0])
- browser.get('https://www.sina.com.cn')
- browser.close()
- from selenium import webdriver
- from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException,NoSuchElementException,NoSuchFrameException
-
- try:
- browser=webdriver.Chrome()
- browser.get('http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable')
- browser.switch_to.frame('iframssseResult')
-
- except TimeoutException as e:
- print(e)
- except NoSuchFrameException as e:
- print(e)
- finally:
- browser.close()
八 项目练习
- #注意:网站都策略都是在不断变化的,精髓在于学习流程。下述代码生效与2017-11-7,不能保证永久有效
- from selenium import webdriver
- from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
- from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
- from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
- from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
- from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
-
- browser=webdriver.Chrome()
-
- try:
- browser.get('http://mail.163.com/')
-
- ```
- wait=WebDriverWait(browser,5)
-
- frame=wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'x-URS-iframe')))
- browser.switch_to.frame(frame)
-
- wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,'.m-container')))
-
- inp_user=browser.find_element_by_name('email')
- inp_pwd=browser.find_element_by_name('password')
- button=browser.find_element_by_id('dologin')
- inp_user.send_keys('18611453110')
- inp_pwd.send_keys('xxxx')
- button.click()
-
- #如果遇到验证码,可以把下面一小段打开注释
- # import time
- # time.sleep(10)
- # button = browser.find_element_by_id('dologin')
- # button.click()
- ```
-
-
- wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'dvNavTop')))
- write_msg=browser.find_elements_by_css_selector('#dvNavTop li')[1] #获取第二个li标签就是“写信”了
- write_msg.click()
-
- ```
- wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME,'tH0')))
- recv_man=browser.find_element_by_class_name('nui-editableAddr-ipt')
- title=browser.find_element_by_css_selector('.dG0 .nui-ipt-input')
- recv_man.send_keys('378533872@qq.com')
- title.send_keys('圣旨')
- print(title.tag_name)
-
- ```
-
- ```
- frame=wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME,'APP-editor-iframe')))
- browser.switch_to.frame(frame)
- body=browser.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,'body')
- body.send_keys('egon很帅,可以加工资了')
-
- browser.switch_to.parent_frame() #切回他爹
- send_button=browser.find_element_by_class_name('nui-toolbar-item')
- send_button.click()
-
- #可以睡时间久一点别让浏览器关掉,看看发送成功没有
- import time
- time.sleep(10000)
-
- ```
-
- except Exception as e:
- print(e)
- finally:
- browser.close()
- from selenium import webdriver
- from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
- from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找,By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
- from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操作
- from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
- from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素
- import time
-
-
-
- def get_goods(driver):
- try:
- goods=driver.find_elements_by_class_name('gl-item')
-
- ```
- for good in goods:
- detail_url=good.find_element_by_tag_name('a').get_attribute('href')
-
- p_name=good.find_element_by_css_selector('.p-name em').text.replace('\n','')
- price=good.find_element_by_css_selector('.p-price i').text
- p_commit=good.find_element_by_css_selector('.p-commit a').text
-
- msg = '''
- 商品 : %s
- 链接 : %s
- 价钱 :%s
- 评论 :%s
- ''' % (p_name,detail_url,price,p_commit)
-
- print(msg,end='\n\n')
-
- ```
-
- ```
- button=driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text('下一页')
- button.click()
- time.sleep(1)
- get_goods(driver)
- except Exception:
- pass
-
- ```
-
- def spider(url,keyword):
- driver = webdriver.Chrome()
- driver.get(url)
- driver.implicitly_wait(3) # 使用隐式等待
- try:
- input_tag=driver.find_element_by_id('key')
- input_tag.send_keys(keyword)
- input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
- get_goods(driver)
- finally:
- driver.close()
-
- if __name__ == '__main__':
- spider('https://www.jd.com/',keyword='iPhone8手机')
- 作业:
- 爬取亚马逊iphone手机的商品信息
- 爬取天猫python书籍的商品信息
- 爬取京东小米手机的商品信息