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一、 RSA:非对称加密是一种加密方式,加密和解密使用不同的密钥。发送方使用公钥进行加密,接收方使用私钥进行解密。因为公钥可以公开,所以只有私钥知道的加密信息能够被解密,这种方式的优点是安全性高,缺点是相对于对称加密而言,加密速度较慢。
Keystore:在Java中,keystore是用于存储密钥、证书和信任项的安全存储库。它通常用于管理SSL证书、数字证书和私钥,以便在加密通信、数字签名和认证等安全领域使用。
具体来说,keystore可以用于以下几个方面:
二、实际应用
KeyStore是一个存储库,可用于存储一系列密钥(Secret Key)、密钥对(Key Pair)或证书(Certificate)
密钥:只有一个钥,一般是对称加密时使用。
密钥对:包含公钥(Public Key)和私钥(Private Key),一般是非对称加密时使
KeyStore可以设置密码。
密钥、密钥对、证书在KeyStore统称为Key(又称"条目"),每一个Key通过alias(别名)区分。Key也可以设置密码。
KeyStore可以理解为一种规范,常见的 JKS(Java Key Store)只是KeyStore的一种实现类型,其他的还有PKCS12、JCEKS等。
JKS 可以存储密钥对和证书,但不能用于存储密钥。
PKCS12、JCEKS 都可以存储密钥对、证书、密钥。
命令方式生成Keystore:
- #命令方法生成keystore JDK bin cmd
- .\keytool.exe -genkeypair
- -alias dataKeystore //定义的别名,不可重复
- -keypass password123!@# //设置密钥对的密码,这个密码用于保护私钥
- -keyalg RSA //指定生成的密钥对算法为RSA
- -keysize 2048 //指定RSA密钥的大小为2048位
- -validity 9999 //指定密钥的有效期 天
- -keystore D:\dataKeystore\dataKeystore.keystore //指定密钥库的路径和文件名
- -storepass admin-test //密钥库的密码,用于保护密钥库中的密钥对
-
- #创建keystore
- .\keytool.exe -genkeypair -alias dataKeystor -keypass password123!@# -keyalg RSA -keysize 2048 -validity 9999 -keystore D:\keystore\dataKeystor.keystore -storepass admin-test
-
- #查看密匙库
- .\keytool.exe -list -rfc -keystore D:\keystore\dataKeystore.keystore -storepass admin-test
代码方式创建keystore:
- private static final int keysize = 2048;
- private static final String commonName = "www.baidi.com";
- private static final String organizationalUnit = "baidu";
- private static final String organization = "baidu";
- private static final String city = "hebei";
- private static final String state = "baoding";
- private static final String country = "CN";
- private static final long validity = 3650; //十年
- private static final String alias = "test";
- private static final char[] keyPassword = "1231312".toCharArray();
- private static final char[] storePassword = "1231231".toCharArray();
- private static final String path = CreateKeystore.class.getClassLoader().getResource(".").getPath();
-
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- createKeystore();
- }
-
- public static void createKeystore(){
- //获取文件地址
- try {
- KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS");
- ks.load(null, null);
-
- CertAndKeyGen keypair = new CertAndKeyGen("RSA", "SHA1WithRSA", null);
- X500Name x500Name = new X500Name(commonName, organizationalUnit, organization, city, state, country);
- keypair.generate(keysize);
-
- PrivateKey privateKey = keypair.getPrivateKey();
- X509Certificate[] chain = new X509Certificate[1];
- chain[0] = keypair.getSelfCertificate(x500Name, new Date(), (long)validity*24*60*60);
-
- FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(path+"OEM_Keystore.keystore");
- ks.setKeyEntry(alias, privateKey, keyPassword, chain);
- ks.store(fos, storePassword);
- fos.close();
- System.out.println("create Success");
- } catch (KeyStoreException | IOException | NoSuchAlgorithmException | CertificateException |
- NoSuchProviderException | InvalidKeyException | SignatureException e ) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
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java使用Keystore: 注意 导出公钥一般格式为:public_key.pem 私钥为(一般不可导出,仅为导出时示范):private_key.pem ,PEM(Privacy-Enhanced Mail)文件是一种常用的证书格式,通常用于存储加密证书、私钥和其他相关证书。PEM文件使用Base64编码表示,并包含"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----"和"-----END CERTIFICATE-----"之间的文本块
- package com.gdc.encryption.util;
-
- /**
- * 公私钥获取,加解密工具类
- * @owner jiangliu
- * @Date: 2024/4/17 10:32
- */
- import org.apache.tomcat.util.codec.binary.Base64;
- import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ServerProperties;
- import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
- import sun.misc.BASE64Decoder;
- import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;
-
- import javax.crypto.Cipher;
- import java.io.*;
- import java.net.URL;
- import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
- import java.security.*;
- import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
- import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
- import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
- import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
- import java.sql.SQLOutput;
-
- public class KeyStoreUtil {
-
- /**
- * Java密钥库(Java Key Store,JKS)KEY_STORE
- */
- public static final String KEY_STORE = "JKS";
-
- public static final String X509 = "X.509";
-
- /**
- * keystore基本信息,本示例放在springboot resources目录下。
- * @param
- */
- public static final String keystorePath= KeyStoreUtil.class.getClassLoader().getResource("OEM_Keystore.keystore").getPath();;
-
- private static final String alias = "test";
-
- private static final String storePass = "123456";
-
- private static final String keyPass = "123456";
-
- /**
- * 公加私解
- * 私加公解
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
-
- String strPrivateKey = getStrPrivateKey();
-
- String strPublicKey = getStrPublicKey();
-
- // 原始字符串
- String message = "我是测试原始内容";
- System.out.println("原始数据:"+message);
- String messageEn = publicKeyEncrypt(message, strPublicKey);
- System.out.println("公钥加密后内容:" + messageEn);
- String messageDe = privateKeyDecrypt(messageEn, strPrivateKey);
- System.out.println("私钥解密后内容:" + messageDe);
-
- System.out.println("=====================");
-
- //私钥加密,公钥解密
- String s = privateKeyEncrypt(message, strPrivateKey);
- System.out.println("私钥加密后内容:"+s);
- String s1 = publicKeyDecrypt(s, strPublicKey);
- System.out.println("公钥解密后内容:"+s1);
- }
-
- /**
- * BASE64解密
- * @param key
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static byte[] decryptBASE64(String key) throws Exception {
-
- return(new BASE64Decoder()).decodeBuffer(key);
-
- }
-
- /**
- * BASE64加密
- * @param key
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static String encryptBASE64(byte[] key) throws Exception {
-
- return(new BASE64Encoder()).encodeBuffer(key).replace("\r","").replace("\n","");
-
- }
-
- /**
- * 获得KeyStore
- *
- * @param keyStorePath
- * @param password
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- private static KeyStore getKeyStore(String keyStorePath, String password)
-
- throws Exception {
-
- FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream(keyStorePath);
-
- KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance(KEY_STORE);
-
- ks.load(is, password.toCharArray());
-
- is.close();
-
- return ks;
-
- }
-
- /**
- * 由KeyStore获得私钥
- *
- * @param keyStorePath
- * @param alias
- * @param storePass
- * @return
- */
- private static PrivateKey getPrivateKey(String keyStorePath, String alias, String storePass, String keyPass) throws Exception {
-
- KeyStore ks = getKeyStore(keyStorePath, storePass);
-
- PrivateKey key = (PrivateKey) ks.getKey(alias, keyPass.toCharArray());
-
- return key;
-
- }
-
- /**
- * 由Certificate获得公钥
- *
- * @param keyStorePath KeyStore路径
- * @param alias 别名
- * @param storePass KeyStore访问密码
- */
- private static PublicKey getPublicKey(String keyStorePath, String alias, String storePass) throws Exception {
-
- KeyStore ks = getKeyStore(keyStorePath, storePass);
-
- PublicKey key = ks.getCertificate(alias).getPublicKey();
-
- return key;
-
- }
-
- /**
- * 从KeyStore中获取公钥,并经BASE64编码
- *
- */
- public static String getStrPublicKey() throws Exception {
-
- PublicKey key = getPublicKey(keystorePath, alias, storePass);
-
- String strKey = encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded());
-
- return strKey;
-
- }
-
- /**
- * 获取经BASE64编码后的私钥
- *
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- * @author 奔跑的蜗牛
- */
-
- public static String getStrPrivateKey() throws Exception {
-
- PrivateKey key = getPrivateKey(keystorePath, alias, storePass, keyPass);
-
- String strKey = encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded());
-
- return strKey;
-
- }
-
- /**
- * RSA公钥加密
- *
- * @param str 加密字符串
- * @param publicKey 公钥
- * @return 密文
- * @throws Exception 加密过程中的异常信息
- */
- public static String publicKeyEncrypt(String str, String publicKey) throws Exception {
- //base64编码的公钥
- byte[] decoded = Base64.decodeBase64(publicKey);
- RSAPublicKey pubKey = (RSAPublicKey) KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA").
- generatePublic(new X509EncodedKeySpec(decoded));
- //RSA加密
- Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
- cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, pubKey);
- String outStr = Base64.encodeBase64String(cipher.doFinal(str.getBytes("UTF-8")));
- return outStr;
- }
-
- /**
- * RSA私钥解密
- *
- * @param str
- * @param privateKey 私钥
- * @return 铭文
- * @throws Exception 解密过程中的异常信息
- */
- public static String privateKeyDecrypt(String str, String privateKey) throws Exception {
- //64位解码加密后的字符串
- byte[] inputByte = Base64.decodeBase64(str.getBytes("UTF-8"));
- //base64编码的私钥
- byte[] decoded = Base64.decodeBase64(privateKey);
- RSAPrivateKey priKey = (RSAPrivateKey) KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA")
- .generatePrivate(new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(decoded));
- //RSA解密
- Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
- cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, priKey);
- String outStr = new String(cipher.doFinal(inputByte), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
- return outStr;
- }
-
- /**
- * RSA私钥解密
- *
- * @param bytes
- * @param privateKey 私钥
- * @return 铭文
- * @throws Exception 解密过程中的异常信息
- */
- public static byte[] privateKeyDecryptBytes(byte[] bytes, String privateKey) throws Exception {
- byte[] decoded = Base64.decodeBase64(privateKey);
- RSAPrivateKey priKey = (RSAPrivateKey) KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA")
- .generatePrivate(new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(decoded));
- //RSA解密
- Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
- cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, priKey);
- byte[] bytes1 = cipher.doFinal(bytes);
- return bytes1;
- }
-
-
- /**
- * RSA私钥加密
- *
- * @param str
- * @param privateKey
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static String privateKeyEncrypt(String str, String privateKey) throws Exception {
- //base64编码的公钥
- byte[] decoded = Base64.decodeBase64(privateKey);
- PrivateKey priKey = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA").
- generatePrivate(new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(decoded));
- //RSA加密
- Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
- cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, priKey);
- String outStr = Base64.encodeBase64String(cipher.doFinal(str.getBytes()));
- return outStr;
- }
-
- /**
- * RSA公钥解密
- *
- * @param str
- * @param publicKey
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static String publicKeyDecrypt(String str, String publicKey) throws Exception {
- //64位解码加密后的字符串
- byte[] inputByte = Base64.decodeBase64(str.getBytes("UTF-8"));
- //base64编码的私钥
- byte[] decoded = Base64.decodeBase64(publicKey);
- PublicKey pubKey = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA")
- .generatePublic(new X509EncodedKeySpec(decoded));
- //RSA解密
- Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
- cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, pubKey);
- String outStr = new String(cipher.doFinal(inputByte));
- return outStr;
- }
- }
-
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