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②使用iptables-services软件来进行规则的保存和加载(不建议使用)
之前写的iptables的设置,但是都是临时生效的,一旦电脑重启,那么就会失效,如何永久保存,需要借助iptables-save命令,开机生效需要借助iptables-restore命令,并写入规定的配置文件中。
- [root@zzcentos1 ~]#iptables-save > /opt/iprule
- [root@zzcentos1 ~]#cat /opt/iprule
- # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.21 on Sun Feb 18 18:32:36 2024
- *filter
- :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
- :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
- :OUTPUT ACCEPT [59:4744]
- -A INPUT -s 192.168.246.0/24 -j ACCEPT
- -A INPUT -s 192.168.246.0/24 -p icmp -j DROP
- COMMIT
- # Completed on Sun Feb 18 18:32:36 2024
- [root@zzcentos1 ~]#iptables -F
- [root@zzcentos1 ~]#iptables -vnL
- Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 20 packets, 1168 bytes)
- pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
-
- Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
- pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
-
- Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 11 packets, 908 bytes)
- pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
- [root@zzcentos1 ~]#iptables-restore < /opt/iprule
- [root@zzcentos1 ~]#iptables -vnL
- Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
- pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
- 45 2888 ACCEPT all -- * * 192.168.246.0/24 0.0.0.0/0
- 0 0 DROP icmp -- * * 192.168.246.0/24 0.0.0.0/0
-
- Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
- pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
-
- Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 36 packets, 2760 bytes)
- pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
- [root@zzcentos1 ~]#
第一种:个性化设置放到用户家目录下的配置文件~/.bashrc
第二种:放到全局配置文件中,/etc/profile中,对所有用户生效
第三种:放到开机自启的最后一项,加载系统服务的配置文件中,可以让系统重启即可生效
综上所述,建议放在系统自带的配置/etc/rc.d/rc.local中
- [root@centos7 ~]#yum -y install iptables-services
- [root@centos7 ~]#cp /etc/sysconfig/iptables{,.bak}
- #保存现在的规则到文件中方法1
- [root@centos7 ~]#/usr/libexec/iptables/iptables.init save
- #保存现在的规则到文件中方法2
- [root@centos7 ~]#iptables-save > /etc/sysconfig/iptables
- #开机启动
- [root@centos7 ~]#systemctl enable iptables.service
- [root@centos7 ~]#systemctl mask firewalld.service nftables.service
- [root@zzcentos1 ~]#cp /etc/sysconfig/iptables{,.bak}
- [root@zzcentos1 ~]#cd /etc/sysconfig/
- [root@zzcentos1 sysconfig]#ls
- anaconda crond iptables.bak netconsole rdisc selinux
- atd ebtables-config iptables-config network readonly-root smartmontools
- authconfig fcoe irqbalance network-scripts rpcbind sshd
- autofs firewalld kdump nfs rpc-rquotad sysstat
- cbq grub kernel ntpd rsyncd sysstat.ioconf
- cgred init ksm ntpdate rsyslog virtlockd
- chronyd ip6tables libvirtd qemu-ga run-parts virtlogd
- console ip6tables-config man-db radvd samba wpa_supplicant
- cpupower iptables modules raid-check saslauthd
- [root@zzcentos1 sysconfig]#iptables-save > /etc/sysconfig/iptables
- [root@zzcentos1 sysconfig]#systemctl enable iptables.service
- Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/iptables.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/iptables.service.
- [root@zzcentos1 sysconfig]#reboot
- [root@localhost ~]#iptables -t filter -N WEB
- ##指定是在filter下面添加WEB链,不写默认是filter
一般链是大写
- [root@zzcentos1 ~]#iptables -A WEB -p tcp -m multiport --dport 80,443 -j ACCEPT
- [root@zzcentos1 ~]#iptables -I WEB -s 192.168.246.8 -p tcp --dport 80 -j DROP
随意添加两条规则
当有流量经过时,进入INPUT链时,会去自定义链WEB中匹配规则
这样优点:可以把相同规则放在一起,方便管理
- [root@zzcentos1 ~]#iptables -X WEB
- iptables: Too many links.
- [root@zzcentos1 ~]#iptables -F WEB
- [root@zzcentos1 ~]#iptables -vnL
- Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 8 packets, 488 bytes)
- pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
- 92 6417 WEB all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
-
- Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
- pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
-
- Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 5 packets, 460 bytes)
- pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
-
- Chain WEB (1 references)
- pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
- [root@zzcentos1 ~]#iptables -F INPUT
- [root@zzcentos1 ~]#
- [root@zzcentos1 ~]#iptables -X WEB
- [root@zzcentos1 ~]#iptables -vnL
- Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 8 packets, 488 bytes)
- pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
-
- Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
- pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
-
- Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 5 packets, 460 bytes)
- pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
- [root@zzcentos1 ~]#
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