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Python 一步一步教你用pyglet制作汉诺塔游戏（终篇）_用python编汉诺塔_汉诺塔python设计
作者：煮酒与君饮 | 2024-08-17 04:37:32
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汉诺塔python设计
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不知道你们用的什么环境，我一般都是用的Python3.6环境和pycharm解释器，没有软件，或者没有资料，没人解答问题，都可以免费领取（包括今天的代码），过几天我还会做个视频教程出来，有需要也可以领取~
给大家准备的学习资料包括但不限于：
Python 环境、pycharm编辑器/永久激活/翻译插件
python 零基础视频教程
Python 界面开发实战教程
Python 爬虫实战教程
Python 数据分析实战教程
python 游戏开发实战教程
Python 电子书100本
Python 学习路线规划
网上学习资料一大堆，但如果学到的知识不成体系，遇到问题时只是浅尝辄止，不再深入研究，那么很难做到真正的技术提升。
一个人可以走的很快，但一群人才能走的更远！不论你是正从事IT行业的老鸟或是对IT行业感兴趣的新人，都欢迎加入我们的的圈子（技术交流、学习资源、职场吐槽、大厂内推、面试辅导），让我们一起学习成长！
info1.text = f’恭喜您完成 {hanns.order} 层汉诺塔！任意点击层数加一！’
else:
info1.text = f’太棒了！您已完成 {hanns.order} 层汉诺塔，游戏结束！’
gamecompleted = True
return
elif not gamecompleted:
hanns = Hann(window.width/2, 120, hanns.order+1)
info1.text = f’ {hanns.order} 层汉诺塔，游戏开始！’
info2.text = f’当前层数：{hanns.order}\t最佳步数：{2**hanns.order-1}\t当前步数：{hanns.steps}’
Hann 类中增加一个改色的方法，用于标注被点击的要移动的源塔架：
def setdiskcolor(self, n, color=Color[0]):
self.disk[n].cir1.color = color
self.disk[n].cir2.color = color
self.disk[n].rect.color = color
完整代码：
import pyglet window = pyglet.window.Window(800, 500, caption='汉诺塔') pyglet.gl.glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1) batch = pyglet.graphics.Batch() Color = (182,128,18),(25,65,160),(56,170,210),(16,188,78),(20,240,20),(240,240,20),(255,128,20),(240,20,20),(245,60,138) class Disk: def __init__(self, x, y, color=(0,0,0), width=200, height=20): self.cir1 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x+width/2-height/2, y, radius=height/2, color=color, batch=batch) self.cir2 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x-width/2+height/2, y, radius=height/2, color=color, batch=batch) self.rect = pyglet.shapes.Rectangle(x-width/2+height/2, y-height/2, width-height, height, color=color, batch=batch) def move(self, dx, dy): self.cir1.x += dx; self.cir1.y += dy self.cir2.x += dx; self.cir2.y += dy self.rect.x += dx; self.rect.y += dy class Hann: def __init__(self, x, y, order=2, space=250, thickness=20, width=200, height=300): assert(order>1) self.pole = [pyglet.shapes.Line(x-i*space, y, x-i*space, y+height, width=thickness, color=Color[0], batch=batch) for i in range(-1,2)] self.disk = [Disk(x+i*space, y, color=Color[0], width=width+thickness, height=thickness) for i in range(-1,2)] self.x, self.y = x, y self.order = order self.space = space self.thickness = thickness self.width = width self.poleheight = height self.beadheight = (height-thickness*2)/order self.step = (width-thickness)/(order+1) self.steps = 0 self.macro = [] coordinates = [(self.x-space, self.y+(i+1)*self.beadheight-(self.beadheight-thickness)/2) for i in range(order)] self.beads = [Disk(*xy, Color[i%8+1], width=self.width-i*self.step, height=self.beadheight) for i,xy in enumerate(coordinates)] self.array = [[*range(order)], [], []] def move(self, pole1, pole2): if self.array[pole1]: bead = self.array[pole1].pop() if self.array[pole2] and bead<self.array[pole2][-1]: self.array[pole1].append(bead) return False else: return None self.beads[bead].move((pole2-pole1)*self.space, (len(self.array[pole2])-len(self.array[pole1]))*self.beadheight) self.array[pole2].append(bead) self.steps += 1 self.macro.append((pole1, pole2)) return True def setdiskcolor(self, n, color=Color[0]): self.disk[n].cir1.color = color self.disk[n].cir2.color = color self.disk[n].rect.color = color def on_mouse_over(self, x, y): for i in range(-1,2): if hanns.x-hanns.width/2 < x-i*hanns.space < hanns.x+hanns.width/2 and hanns.y-hanns.thickness/2 < y < hanns.y+hanns.poleheight: return i+1 def success(self): return len(self.array[2]) == self.order @window.event def on_draw(): window.clear() batch.draw() @window.event def on_mouse_press(x, y, dx, dy): global xy, hanns, gamecompleted if not hanns.success(): pole = hanns.on_mouse_over(x, y) if pole is not None: xy.append(pole) if len(xy)==1: hanns.setdiskcolor(xy[0], (255,0,0)) if not hanns.array[pole]: hanns.setdiskcolor(xy[0]) xy.pop() return if len(xy)==2: if xy[0]!=xy[1]: info = hanns.move(*xy) hanns.setdiskcolor(xy[0]) if info is False: info1.text = '起始圆盘大于目标位置的圆盘' elif info is None: info1.text = '所选起始位置的塔架不能为空' else: info1.text = f'{hanns.order-hanns.array[xy[1]][-1]}号圆盘从{xy[0]+1}号塔架移动到{xy[1]+1}号塔架' hanns.setdiskcolor(xy[0]) xy.clear() info2.text = f'当前层数：{hanns.order}\t最佳步数：{2**hanns.order-1}\t当前步数：{hanns.steps}' if hanns.success(): if hanns.order<24: info1.text = f'恭喜您完成 {hanns.order} 层汉诺塔！任意点击层数加一！' else: info1.text = f'太棒了！您已完成 {hanns.order} 层汉诺塔，游戏结束！' gamecompleted = True return elif not gamecompleted: hanns = Hann(window.width/2, 120, hanns.order+1) info1.text = f' {hanns.order} 层汉诺塔，游戏开始！' info2.text = f'当前层数：{hanns.order}\t最佳步数：{2**hanns.order-1}\t当前步数：{hanns.steps}' xy = [] order = 2 hanns = Hann(window.width/2, 120, order) info1 = pyglet.text.Label('操作方法：鼠标先后点击起始和目标位置就能移动圆盘', font_size=21, color=(0,0,0,255), x=window.width/2, y=50, anchor_x='center', batch=batch) info2 = pyglet.text.Label(f'当前层数：{order}\t最佳步数：{2**order-1}\t当前步数：0', font_size=18, color=(0,0,0,255), x=80, y=450, batch=batch) gamecompleted = False pyglet.app.run()
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演示回放
优化代码，布局稍作调整，并加入帮助、演示和回放等功能。演示和回放的区别：演示功能是提供如何移动的教学帮助；回放功能则是展示用户自己的移动过程。
运行效果如下：
完整代码
import pyglet from pyglet.window import key Width, Height = 800, 500 window = pyglet.window.Window(Width, Height, caption='Tower of Hanoi') screen = pyglet.canvas.Display().get_default_screen() window.set_location((screen.width-Width)//2, (screen.height-Height)//2) pyglet.gl.glClearColor(0.78, 0.88, 0.98, 1) batch = pyglet.graphics.Batch() group = pyglet.graphics.Group() Color = (182,128,18),(25,65,160),(56,170,210),(16,188,78),(20,240,20),(240,240,20),(255,128,20),(240,20,20),(245,60,138) class Disk: def __init__(self, x, y, color=(0,0,0), width=200, height=20): self.cir1 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x+width/2-height/2, y, radius=height/2, color=color, batch=batch) self.cir2 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x-width/2+height/2, y, radius=height/2, color=color, batch=batch) self.rect = pyglet.shapes.Rectangle(x-width/2+height/2, y-height/2, width-height, height, color=color, batch=batch) def move(self, dx, dy): self.cir1.x += dx; self.cir1.y += dy self.cir2.x += dx; self.cir2.y += dy self.rect.x += dx; self.rect.y += dy class Hann: def __init__(self, order=2, x=window.width/2, y=110, space=250, thickness=20, width=200, height=300): assert(order>1) self.pole = [pyglet.shapes.Line(x+i*space, y, x+i*space, y+height, width=thickness, color=Color[0], batch=batch) for i in range(-1,2)] self.disk = [Disk(x+i*space, y, color=Color[0], width=width+thickness, height=thickness) for i in range(-1,2)] self.x, self.y = x, y self.order = order self.ordermax = 24 self.space = space self.thickness = thickness self.width = width self.poleheight = height self.beadheight = (height-thickness*2)/order self.step = (width-thickness)/(order+1) self.steps = 0 self.macro = [] self.posxy = [] self.click = False self.ctrlz = False self.playback = False coordinates = [(self.x-space, self.y+(i+1)*self.beadheight-(self.beadheight-thickness)/2) for i in range(order)] self.beads = [Disk(*pos, Color[i%8+1], width=self.width-i*self.step, height=self.beadheight) for i,pos in enumerate(coordinates)] self.array = [[*range(order)], [], []] self.arraymacro = [] def move(self, pole1, pole2): if self.array[pole1]: bead = self.array[pole1].pop() if self.array[pole2] and bead<self.array[pole2][-1]: self.array[pole1].append(bead) return False else: return None self.beads[bead].move((pole2-pole1)*self.space, (len(self.array[pole2])-len(self.array[pole1]))*self.beadheight) self.array[pole2].append(bead) self.steps += 1 self.click = True self.macro.append((pole1, pole2)) self.arraymacro.append([array[:] for array in self.array]) return True def set_color(self, n, color=Color[0]): self.click = color==Color[0] self.disk[n].cir1.color = color self.disk[n].cir2.color = color self.disk[n].rect.color = color self.pole[n].color = color def on_mouse_over(self, x, y): for i in range(-1,2): if hanns.x-hanns.width/2 < x-i*hanns.space < hanns.x+hanns.width/2 and hanns.y-hanns.thickness/2 < y < hanns.y+hanns.poleheight: return i+1 def success(self): return len(self.array[2]) == self.order def hanoi(n, start=0, mid=1, end=2, moves=None): if moves is None: moves = [] if n == 1: moves.append((start, end)) else: hanoi(n-1, start, end, mid, moves) moves.append((start, end)) hanoi(n-1, mid, start, end, moves) return moves def hanoimacro(n, start=0, mid=1, end=2, moves=None): global macro, array if moves is None: moves = [] array = [[*range(n)],[],[]] macro = [[[*range(n)],[],[]]] if n == 1: moves.append((start, end)) array[end].append(array[start].pop()) macro.append([disk[:] for disk in array]) else: hanoimacro(n-1, start, end, mid, moves) moves.append((start, end)) array[end].append(array[start].pop()) macro.append([disk[:] for disk in array]) hanoimacro(n-1, mid, start, end, moves) return macro @window.event def on_draw(): window.clear() batch.draw() @window.event def on_mouse_press(x, y, dx, dy): global hanns, gamestarting, gamecompleted if not gamestarting: gamestarting = True show_message(False) return elif hanns.playback: return if not hanns.success(): pole = hanns.on_mouse_over(x, y) if pole is not None: hanns.posxy.append(pole) if len(hanns.posxy)==1: hanns.set_color(hanns.posxy[0], (200,150,0)) if not hanns.array[pole]: hanns.set_color(hanns.posxy[0]) hanns.posxy.pop() return if len(hanns.posxy)==2: if hanns.posxy[0]!=hanns.posxy[1]: info = hanns.move(*hanns.posxy) hanns.set_color(hanns.posxy[0]) if info: info1.text = information(3) else: info1.text = information(6) hanns.set_color(hanns.posxy[0]) hanns.posxy.clear() info2.text = information() if hanns.success(): if hanns.order<24: info1.text = information(4) else: info1.text = information(5) gamecompleted = True return elif not gamecompleted: hanns = Hann(hanns.order+1) info1.text = information(0) info2.text = information(2) @window.event def on_key_press(symbol, modifiers): global hanns, macro, gamestarting def show_how(event): if macro: hanns.move(*macro.pop(0)) info2.text = information() else: info1.text = info1.text.replace('中......', '完成！') hanns.playback = False pyglet.clock.unschedule(show_how) if not gamestarting: gamestarting = True show_message(False) return if hanns.playback: if symbol in (key.B, key.BREAK) and modifiers & key.MOD_CTRL: macro.clear() info1.text = info1.text.replace('中......', '终止，')+'游戏继续！' return if hanns.macro and hanns.click and not hanns.success() and symbol==key.Z and modifiers & key.MOD_CTRL: hanns.ctrlz = not hanns.ctrlz hanns.posxy = hanns.macro.pop()[::-1] info = hanns.move(*hanns.posxy) hanns.steps -= 2*hanns.ctrlz hanns.posxy = [] elif symbol == key.H and modifiers & key.MOD_CTRL: gamestarting = False show_message(True) elif symbol == key.R and modifiers & key.MOD_CTRL: if hanns.steps: hanns = Hann(hanns.order) info1.text = information(0) elif symbol == key.N and modifiers & (key.MOD_CTRL | key.MOD_SHIFT) and modifiers & key.MOD_SHIFT: if hanns.order>2: hanns = Hann(hanns.order-1) info1.text = information(0) else: info1.text = information(7) elif symbol == key.N and modifiers & key.MOD_CTRL and not modifiers & key.MOD_SHIFT: if hanns.order<24: hanns = Hann(hanns.order+1) info1.text = information(0) else: info1.text = information(8) elif symbol in (key.S, key.P) and modifiers & key.MOD_CTRL: macro = hanns.macro hanns = Hann(hanns.order) hanns.playback = True if symbol==key.S: task = '演示中......' macro = hanoi(hanns.order) elif symbol==key.P: task = '回放中......' info1.text = f'{hanns.order} 层汉诺塔{task}' pyglet.clock.schedule_interval(show_how, 9/(hanns.order**2+9)) info2.text = information() def show_message(visible=True): box1.visible = box2.visible = html.visible = visible info1.text = information(0) def messagebox(): global box1, box2, html rect = 150, 90, 500, 330 box1 = pyglet.shapes.Rectangle(*rect, color=(255,255,255,200), batch=batch, group=group) box2 = pyglet.shapes.Box(*rect, color=(255,0,0,255), thickness=3, batch=batch, group=group) **（1）Python所有方向的学习路线（新版）** 这是我花了几天的时间去把Python所有方向的技术点做的整理，形成各个领域的知识点汇总，它的用处就在于，你可以按照上面的知识点去找对应的学习资源，保证自己学得较为全面。 最近我才对这些路线做了一下新的更新，知识体系更全面了。  **（2）Python学习视频** 包含了Python入门、爬虫、数据分析和web开发的学习视频，总共100多个，虽然没有那么全面，但是对于入门来说是没问题的，学完这些之后，你可以按照我上面的学习路线去网上找其他的知识资源进行进阶。  **（3）100多个练手项目** 我们在看视频学习的时候，不能光动眼动脑不动手，比较科学的学习方法是在理解之后运用它们，这时候练手项目就很适合了，只是里面的项目比较多，水平也是参差不齐，大家可以挑自己能做的项目去练练。  **网上学习资料一大堆，但如果学到的知识不成体系，遇到问题时只是浅尝辄止，不再深入研究，那么很难做到真正的技术提升。** **[需要这份系统化学习资料的朋友，可以戳这里获取](https://bbs.csdn.net/topics/618317507)** **一个人可以走的很快，但一群人才能走的更远！不论你是正从事IT行业的老鸟或是对IT行业感兴趣的新人，都欢迎加入我们的的圈子（技术交流、学习资源、职场吐槽、大厂内推、面试辅导），让我们一起学习成长！**
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