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DevEco 页面跳转与Ability的生命周期（笔记）_deveco studio abilityslice跳转

作者：盐析白兔 | 2024-03-18 21:22:34

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deveco studio abilityslice跳转

一、同一页面不同切片的跳转

  • 无参跳转
  • 有参跳转
  • 有/无参有返回值跳转

 

ability_main.xml

  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
  2. <DirectionalLayout
  3.     xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
  4.     ohos:height="match_parent"
  5.     ohos:width="match_parent"
  6.     ohos:orientation="vertical"
  7.     ohos:alignment="center"
  8.     >
  9.    <Button
  10.        ohos:id="$+id:but1"
  11.        ohos:height="match_content"
  12.        ohos:width="match_content"
  13.        ohos:background_element="#FF00FF"
  14.        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
  15.        ohos:text="无参无返回的跳转"
  16.        ohos:text_size="40vp"
  17.        />
  18.     <Button
  19.         ohos:id="$+id:but2"
  20.         ohos:height="match_content"
  21.         ohos:width="match_content"
  22.         ohos:background_element="#FF00FF"
  23.         ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
  24.         ohos:text="有参无返回的跳转"
  25.         ohos:text_size="40vp"
  26.         />
  27.     <Button
  28.         ohos:id="$+id:but3"
  29.         ohos:height="match_content"
  30.         ohos:width="match_content"
  31.         ohos:background_element="#FF00FF"
  32.         ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
  33.         ohos:text="有参有返回的跳转"
  34.         ohos:text_size="40vp"
  35.         />
  36.  
  37. </DirectionalLayout>

abilityslice1.xml

  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
  2. <DirectionalLayout
  3.     xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
  4.     ohos:height="match_parent"
  5.     ohos:width="match_parent"
  6.     ohos:orientation="vertical">
  7.     <Text
  8.         ohos:id="$+id:text1"
  9.         ohos:height="match_content"
  10.         ohos:width="match_content"
  11.         ohos:background_element="#FF00FF"
  12.         ohos:text="无参无返回的跳转"
  13.         ohos:text_size="40vp"
  14.         />
  15. </DirectionalLayout>

abilityslice2.xml

  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
  2. <DirectionalLayout
  3.     xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
  4.     ohos:height="match_parent"
  5.     ohos:width="match_parent"
  6.     ohos:orientation="vertical">
  7.     <Text
  8.         ohos:id="$+id:text2"
  9.         ohos:height="match_content"
  10.         ohos:width="match_content"
  11.         ohos:background_element="#FF00FF"
  12.         ohos:text="有参无返回的跳转"
  13.         ohos:text_size="40vp"
  14.         />
  15. </DirectionalLayout>

abilityslice3.xml

  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
  2. <DirectionalLayout
  3.     xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
  4.     ohos:height="match_parent"
  5.     ohos:width="match_parent"
  6.     ohos:orientation="vertical">
  7.     <Text
  8.         ohos:id="$+id:text3"
  9.         ohos:height="match_content"
  10.         ohos:width="match_content"
  11.         ohos:background_element="#FF00FF"
  12.         ohos:text="有参右有返回的跳转"
  13.         ohos:text_size="40vp"
  14.         />
  15. </DirectionalLayout>

 新建3个页面切片

 

为config添加动作（别名） 

修改MainAbility

  1. package com.example.myapplication;
  2.  
  3. import com.example.myapplication.slice.AbilitySlice1;
  4. import com.example.myapplication.slice.AbilitySlice2;
  5. import com.example.myapplication.slice.AbilitySlice3;
  6. import com.example.myapplication.slice.MainAbilitySlice;
  7. import ohos.aafwk.ability.Ability;
  8. import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;
  9.  
  10. public class MainAbility extends Ability {
  11.     @Override
  12.     public void onStart(Intent intent) {
  13.         super.onStart(intent);
  14.         //添加主要子界面
  15.         super.setMainRoute(MainAbilitySlice.class.getName());
  16.         //添加其他子页面
  17.         super.addActionRoute("slice1",AbilitySlice1.class.getName());
  18.         super.addActionRoute("slice2", AbilitySlice2.class.getName());
  19.         super.addActionRoute("slice3",AbilitySlice3.class.getName());
  20.     }
  21. }

MainAbilitySlice 

  1. package com.example.myapplication.slice;
  2.  
  3. import com.example.myapplication.ResourceTable;
  4. import ohos.aafwk.ability.AbilitySlice;
  5. import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;
  6. import ohos.agp.components.Button;
  7. import ohos.agp.components.Component;
  8. import ohos.agp.window.dialog.ToastDialog;
  9.  
  10. public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice implements Component.ClickedListener{
  11.     Button but1;
  12.     Button but2;
  13.     Button but3;
  14.     @Override
  15.     public void onStart(Intent intent) {
  16.         super.onStart(intent);
  17.         super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);
  18.         but1 = (Button)findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_but1);
  19.         but2 = (Button)findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_but2);
  20.         but3 = (Button)findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_but3);
  21.         but1.setClickedListener(this);
  22.         but2.setClickedListener(this);
  23.         but3.setClickedListener(this);
  24.     }
  25.  
  26.     @Override
  27.     public void onActive() {
  28.         super.onActive();
  29.     }
  30.  
  31.     @Override
  32.     public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
  33.         super.onForeground(intent);
  34.     }
  35.  
  36.     //requestCode为请求码,用来确认当前结果过是哪来的
  37.     //resultIntent为结果意图，返回的意图对象
  38.     @Override
  39.     protected void onResult(int requestCode, Intent resultIntent) {
  40.         super.onResult(requestCode, resultIntent);
  41.         if(requestCode==200){
  42.             //第二个参数为默认结果
  43.             boolean result = resultIntent.getBooleanParam("result",false);
  44.             ToastDialog td = new ToastDialog(this);
  45.             if(result){
  46.                 td.setText("登录成功");
  47.             }
  48.             else{
  49.                 td.setText("登录失败");
  50.             }
  51.             td.setDuration(2000);
  52.             td.show();
  53.         }
  54.     }
  55.  
  56.     @Override
  57.     public void onClick(Component component) {
  58.         //意图，即跳转时我们要做的事情
  59.         //参数1.确定跳转时跳转到哪一个设备：operation
  60.         //参数2.在跳转的时候是否需要带上参数：parameter
  61.         //如果是在同一个Ability下，那么第一个参数可以不写
  62.         //如果不需要参数，则也可以不写第二个参数
  63.  
  64.  
  65.         if(component == but1){
  66.             //无参无返回的跳转
  67.             //创建意图对象
  68.             Intent i = new Intent();
  69.             //跳转
  70.             present(new AbilitySlice1(),i);
  71.  
  72.         }
  73.         else if(component == but2){
  74.             //有参无返回的跳转
  75.             Intent i = new Intent();
  76.             i.setParam("username","zhangsan");
  77.             i.setParam("password","123456");
  78.             present(new AbilitySlice2(),i);
  79.         }
  80.         else if(component == but3){
  81.             //有参有返回的跳转
  82.             Intent i = new Intent();
  83.             i.setParam("username","zhangsan");
  84.             i.setParam("password","123456");
  85.             //请求码自己设置
  86.            presentForResult(new AbilitySlice3(),i,200);
  87.         }
  88.     }
  89. }

 AbilitySlice1

  1. package com.example.myapplication.slice;
  2.  
  3. import com.example.myapplication.ResourceTable;
  4. import ohos.aafwk.ability.AbilitySlice;
  5. import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;
  6.  
  7. public class AbilitySlice1 extends AbilitySlice {
  8.     @Override
  9.     public void onStart(Intent intent) {
  10.         super.onStart(intent);
  11.         super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_abilityslice1);
  12.     }
  13.  
  14.     @Override
  15.     public void onActive() {
  16.         super.onActive();
  17.     }
  18.  
  19.     @Override
  20.     public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
  21.         super.onForeground(intent);
  22.     }
  23. }

 AbilitySlice2

  1. package com.example.myapplication.slice;
  2.  
  3. import com.example.myapplication.ResourceTable;
  4. import ohos.aafwk.ability.AbilitySlice;
  5. import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;
  6. import ohos.agp.components.Text;
  7.  
  8. public class AbilitySlice2 extends AbilitySlice {
  9.     @Override
  10.     public void onStart(Intent intent) {
  11.         super.onStart(intent);
  12.         super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_abilityslice2);
  13.         String unm = intent.getStringParam("username");
  14.         String pwd = intent.getStringParam("password");
  15.         Text text = (Text)findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text2);
  16.         text.setText("你好，"+unm+"!密码是:"+pwd);
  17.     }
  18.  
  19.     @Override
  20.     public void onActive() {
  21.         super.onActive();
  22.     }
  23.  
  24.     @Override
  25.     public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
  26.         super.onForeground(intent);
  27.     }
  28. }

 AbilitySlice3

  1. package com.example.myapplication.slice;
  2.  
  3. import com.example.myapplication.ResourceTable;
  4. import ohos.aafwk.ability.AbilitySlice;
  5. import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;
  6. import ohos.agp.components.Component;
  7. import ohos.agp.components.Text;
  8.  
  9. public class AbilitySlice3 extends AbilitySlice{
  10.     @Override
  11.     public void onStart(Intent intent) {
  12.         super.onStart(intent);
  13.         super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_abilityslice3);
  14.         Text text = (Text)findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text3);
  15.         String unm = intent.getStringParam("username");
  16.         String pwd = intent.getStringParam("password");
  17.         Intent i = new Intent();
  18.         if(pwd=="123456") {
  19.             text.setText("你好，"+unm+"即将跳转");
  20.             i.setParam("result",true);
  21.             //返回意图
  22.             setResult(i);
  23.             //关闭当前页面
  24.             terminate();
  25.         }
  26.         else{
  27.             i.setParam("result",false);
  28.             //返回意图
  29.             setResult(i);
  30.             //关闭当前页面
  31.             terminate();
  32.         }
  33.  
  34.     }
  35.  
  36.     @Override
  37.     public void onActive() {
  38.         super.onActive();
  39.     }
  40.  
  41.     @Override
  42.     public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
  43.         super.onForeground(intent);
  44.     }
  45.  
  46. }

二、不同页面的跳转

  • A页面跳转到B页面的主页面
  • A页面跳转到B页面的其他页面

搭配一部分页面切片间的跳转方式即：

  • 无参跳转
  • 有参跳转
  • 有/无参有返回值跳转

创建PageAbility（不要勾选LaunchAbility：指的是APP主页面）

 准备两个Ability，三个切片（两个主切片+一个子切片）

 别忘了将子切片绑定在第二个主页面上，同时为其注册一个行动

 

  1. package com.example.myapplication.slice;
  2.  
  3. import com.example.myapplication.ResourceTable;
  4. import ohos.aafwk.ability.AbilitySlice;
  5. import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;
  6. import ohos.aafwk.content.Operation;
  7. import ohos.agp.components.Button;
  8. import ohos.agp.components.Component;
  9.  
  10.  
  11. public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice implements Component.ClickedListener{
  12.     Button but1;
  13.     Button but2;
  14.     @Override
  15.     public void onStart(Intent intent) {
  16.         super.onStart(intent);
  17.         super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);
  18.         but1 = (Button)findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_but1);
  19.         but2 = (Button)findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_but2);
  20.         but1.setClickedListener(this);
  21.         but2.setClickedListener(this);
  22.     }
  23.  
  24.     @Override
  25.     public void onActive() {
  26.         super.onActive();
  27.     }
  28.  
  29.     @Override
  30.     public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
  31.         super.onForeground(intent);
  32.     }
  33.  
  34.  
  35.     @Override
  36.     public void onClick(Component component) {
  37.         if(component == but1){
  38.             Intent i = new Intent();
  39.             //OperationBuilder拼接参数
  40.             //withDeviceId跳转的机器ID，“”表示本机
  41.             //withBundleName哪一个应用上(config.json中的BundleName)
  42.             //withAbilityName哪一个页面上(config.json中的name)
  43.             //此时默认跳转到页面的主切面
  44.             Operation oper = new Intent.OperationBuilder()
  45.                     .withDeviceId("")
  46.                     .withBundleName("com.example.myapplication.hmservice")
  47.                     .withAbilityName("com.example.myapplication.MainAbility2")
  48.                     .build();
  49.             i.setOperation(oper);
  50.             //i.setParam("test","test");
  51.             startAbility(i);
  52.             //startAbilityForResult(i,200);
  53.         }
  54.         else if(component == but2){
  55.             //由于我们这里在config.json中注册了的，且在同一个APP中
  56.             //因此可以用省略写法，只写有用参数，即withAction
  57.             Intent i = new Intent();
  58.             Operation oper = new Intent.OperationBuilder()
  59.                     .withAction("slice2")
  60.                     .build();
  61.             i.setOperation(oper);
  62.             startAbility(i);
  63.         }
  64.     }
  65. }

三、Ability生命周期

  • 初始状态（Initial）
  • 闲置状态（Inactive）
  • 活跃状态（Active）
  • 隐藏状态（Background）

过程： 

  1. 初始状态：未加载组件
  2. OnStart()：加载XML，仅会执行一次
  3. 闲置状态：在内存中，但未被展示
  4. onActice()：展示页面
  5. 活跃状态：与用户交互
  6. onInactive()：失去交点
  7. 闲置状态：在内存中，但未被展示，等待再次使用（onActice()）或者等待被放入回收区（onBackground()）
  8. onBackground()：当不再使用时，放入可被回收区域
  9. 隐藏状态：等待回收（kill）、重新激活 （onForeground()）、结束进程（stop()）
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