iOS开发:AVPlayer实现流音频边播边存
概述
1. AVPlayer简介
-
AVPlayer存在于AVFoundation中,可以播放视频和音频,可以理解为一个随身听
-
AVPlayer的关联类:
-
AVAsset:一个抽象类,不能直接使用,代表一个要播放的资源。可以理解为一个磁带子类AVURLAsset是根据URL生成的包含媒体信息的资源对象。我们就是要通过这个类的代理实现音频的边播边下的
-
AVPlayerItem:可以理解为一个装在磁带盒子里的磁带
-
2. AVPlayer播放原理
-
给播放器设置好想要它播放的URL
-
播放器向URL所在的服务器发送请求,请求两个东西
-
所需音频片段的起始offset
-
所需的音频长度
-
-
服务器根据请求的内容,返回数据
-
播放器拿到数据拼装成文件
-
播放器从拼装好的文件中,找出现在需要播放的片段,进行播放
3. 边播边下的原理
实现边下边播,其实就是手动实现AVPlayer的上列播放过程。
-
当播放器需要预先缓存一些数据的时候,不让播放器直接向服务器发起请求,而是向我们自己写的某个类(暂且称之为播放器的秘书)发起缓存请求
-
秘书根据播放器的缓存请求的请求内容,向服务器发起请求。
-
服务器返回秘书所需的数据
-
秘书把服务器返回的数据写进本地的缓存文件中
-
当需要播放某段声音的时候,向秘书发出播放请求索要这段音频文件
-
秘书从本地的缓存文件中找到播放器播放请求所需片段,返回给播放器
-
播放器拿到数据开心滴播放
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当整首歌都缓存完成以后,秘书需要把缓存文件拷贝一份,改个名字,这个文件就是我们所需要的本地持久化文件
-
下次播放器再播放歌曲的时候,先判断下本地有木有这个名字的文件,有则播放本地文件,木有则向秘书要数据
技术实现
OK,边播边下的原理知道了,我们可以正式写代码了~建议先从文末链接处把Demo下载下来,对着Demo咱们慢慢道来~
1. 类
共需要三个类:
-
MusicPlayerManager:CEO。单例,负责整个工程所有的播放、暂停、下一曲、结束、判断应该播放本地文件还是从服务器拉数据之类的事情
-
RequestLoader:就是上文所说的秘书,负责给播放器提供播放所需的音频片段,以及找人向服务器索要数据
-
RequestTask:秘书的小弟。负责和服务器连接、向服务器请求数据、把请求回来的数据写到本地缓存文件、把写完的缓存文件移到持久化目录去。所有脏活累活都是他做。
2. 方法
先从小弟说起
2.1. RequestTask
2.1.0. 概说
如上文所说,小弟是负责做脏活累活的。 负责和服务器连接、向服务器请求数据、把请求回来的数据写到本地缓存文件、把写完的缓存文件移到持久化目录去
2.1.1. 初始化音频文件持久化文件夹 & 缓存文件
- private func _initialTmpFile() {
- do {
- try NSFileManager.defaultManager().createDirectoryAtPath(StreamAudioConfig.audioDicPath, withIntermediateDirectories: true, attributes: nil)
- } catch {
- print("creat dic false -- error:\(error)")
- }
- if NSFileManager.defaultManager().fileExistsAtPath(StreamAudioConfig.tempPath) {
- try! NSFileManager.defaultManager().removeItemAtPath(StreamAudioConfig.tempPath)
- }
- NSFileManager.defaultManager().createFileAtPath(StreamAudioConfig.tempPath, contents: nil, attributes: nil)
- }
2.1.2. 与服务器建立连接请求数据
- /**
- 连接服务器,请求数据(或拼range请求部分数据)(此方法中会将协议头修改为http)
- - parameter offset: 请求位置
- */
- public func set(URL url: NSURL, offset: Int) {
-
- func initialTmpFile() {
- try! NSFileManager.defaultManager().removeItemAtPath(StreamAudioConfig.tempPath)
- NSFileManager.defaultManager().createFileAtPath(StreamAudioConfig.tempPath, contents: nil, attributes: nil)
- }
- _updateFilePath(url)
- self.url = url
- self.offset = offset
-
- // 如果建立第二次请求,则需初始化缓冲文件
- if taskArr.count >= 1 {
- initialTmpFile()
- }
-
- // 初始化已下载文件长度
- downLoadingOffset = 0
-
- // 把stream://xxx的头换成http://的头
- let actualURLComponents = NSURLComponents(URL: url, resolvingAgainstBaseURL: false)
- actualURLComponents?.scheme = "http"
- guard let URL = actualURLComponents?.URL else {return}
- let request = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: URL, cachePolicy: NSURLRequestCachePolicy.ReloadIgnoringCacheData, timeoutInterval: 20.0)
-
- // 若非从头下载,且视频长度已知且大于零,则下载offset到videoLength的范围(拼request参数)
- if offset > 0 && videoLength > 0 {
- request.addValue("bytes=\(offset)-\(videoLength - 1)", forHTTPHeaderField: "Range")
- }
-
- connection?.cancel()
- connection = NSURLConnection(request: request, delegate: self, startImmediately: false)
- connection?.setDelegateQueue(NSOperationQueue.mainQueue())
- connection?.start()
- }
2.1.3. 响应服务器的Response头
- public func connection(connection: NSURLConnection, didReceiveResponse response: NSURLResponse) {
- isFinishLoad = false
- guard response is NSHTTPURLResponse else {return}
- // 解析头部数据
- let httpResponse = response as! NSHTTPURLResponse
- let dic = httpResponse.allHeaderFields
- let content = dic["Content-Range"] as? String
- let array = content?.componentsSeparatedByString("/")
- let length = array?.last
- // 拿到真实长度
- var videoLength = 0
- if Int(length ?? "0") == 0 {
- videoLength = Int(httpResponse.expectedContentLength)
- } else {
- videoLength = Int(length!)!
- }
-
- self.videoLength = videoLength
- //TODO: 此处需要修改为真实数据格式 - 从字典中取
- self.mimeType = "video/mp4"
- // 回调
- recieveVideoInfoHandler?(task: self, videoLength: videoLength, mimeType: mimeType!)
- // 连接加入到任务数组中
- taskArr.append(connection)
- // 初始化文件传输句柄
- fileHandle = NSFileHandle.init(forWritingAtPath: StreamAudioConfig.tempPath)
- }
2.1.4. 处理服务器返回的数据 - 写入缓存文件中
- public func connectionDidFinishLoading(connection: NSURLConnection) {
- func tmpPersistence() {
- isFinishLoad = true
- let fileName = url?.lastPathComponent
- // let movePath = audioDicPath.stringByAppendingPathComponent(fileName ?? "undefine.mp4")
- let movePath = StreamAudioConfig.audioDicPath + "/\(fileName ?? "undefine.mp4")"
- _ = try? NSFileManager.defaultManager().removeItemAtPath(movePath)
-
- var isSuccessful = true
- do { try NSFileManager.defaultManager().copyItemAtPath(StreamAudioConfig.tempPath, toPath: movePath) } catch {
- isSuccessful = false
- print("tmp文件持久化失败")
- }
- if isSuccessful {
- print("持久化文件成功!路径 - \(movePath)")
- }
- }
-
- if taskArr.count < 2 {
- tmpPersistence()
- }
-
- receiveVideoFinishHanlder?(task: self)
- }
其他
其他方法包括断线重连以及公开一个cancel方法cancel掉和服务器的连接
2.2. RequestTask
2.2.0. 概说
秘书要干的最主要的事情就是响应播放器老大的号令,所有方法都是围绕着播放器老大来的。秘书需要遵循AVAssetResourceLoaderDelegate协议才能被录用。
2.2.1. 代理方法,播放器需要缓存数据的时候,会调这个方法
这个方法其实是播放器在说:小秘呀,我想要这段音频文件。你能现在给我还是等等给我啊?
一定要返回:true,告诉播放器,我等等给你。
然后,立马找本地缓存文件里有木有这段数据,有把数据拿给播放器,如果木有,则派秘书的小弟向服务器要。
具体实现代码有点多,这里就不全部贴出来了。可以去看看文末的Demo记得赏颗星哟~
- /**
- 播放器问:是否应该等这requestResource加载完再说?
- 这里会出现很多个loadingRequest请求, 需要为每一次请求作出处理
- - parameter resourceLoader: 资源管理器
- - parameter loadingRequest: 每一小块数据的请求
- - returns:
- */
- public func resourceLoader(resourceLoader: AVAssetResourceLoader, shouldWaitForLoadingOfRequestedResource loadingRequest: AVAssetResourceLoadingRequest) -> Bool {
- // 添加请求到队列
- pendingRequset.append(loadingRequest)
- // 处理请求
- _dealWithLoadingRequest(loadingRequest)
- print("----\(loadingRequest)")
- return true
- }
2.2.2. 代理方法,播放器关闭了下载请求
- /**
- 播放器关闭了下载请求
- 播放器关闭一个旧请求,都会发起一到多个新请求,除非已经播放完毕了
- - parameter resourceLoader: 资源管理器
- - parameter loadingRequest: 待关请求
- */
- public func resourceLoader(resourceLoader: AVAssetResourceLoader, didCancelLoadingRequest loadingRequest: AVAssetResourceLoadingRequest) {
- guard let index = pendingRequset.indexOf(loadingRequest) else {return}
- pendingRequset.removeAtIndex(index)
- }
2.3. MusicPlayerManager
2.3.0. 概说
负责调度所有播放器的,负责App中的一切涉及音频播放的事件
唔。。犯个小懒。。代码直接贴上来咯~要赶不上楼下的538路公交啦~~谢谢大家体谅哦~
- public class MusicPlayerManager: NSObject {
-
-
- // public var status
-
- public var currentURL: NSURL? {
- get {
- guard let currentIndex = currentIndex, musicURLList = musicURLList where currentIndex < musicURLList.count else {return nil}
- return musicURLList[currentIndex]
- }
- }
-
- /**播放状态,用于需要获取播放器状态的地方KVO*/
- public var status: ManagerStatus = .Non
- /**播放进度*/
- public var progress: CGFloat {
- get {
- if playDuration > 0 {
- let progress = playTime / playDuration
- return progress
- } else {
- return 0
- }
- }
- }
- /**已播放时长*/
- public var playTime: CGFloat = 0
- /**总时长*/
- public var playDuration: CGFloat = CGFloat.max
- /**缓冲时长*/
- public var tmpTime: CGFloat = 0
-
- public var playEndConsul: (()->())?
- /**强引用控制器,防止被销毁*/
- public var currentController: UIViewController?
-
- // private status
- private var currentIndex: Int?
- private var currentItem: AVPlayerItem? {
- get {
- if let currentURL = currentURL {
- let item = getPlayerItem(withURL: currentURL)
- return item
- } else {
- return nil
- }
- }
- }
-
- private var musicURLList: [NSURL]?
-
- // basic element
- public var player: AVPlayer?
-
- private var playerStatusObserver: NSObject?
- private var resourceLoader: RequestLoader = RequestLoader()
- private var currentAsset: AVURLAsset?
- private var progressCallBack: ((tmpProgress: Float?, playProgress: Float?)->())?
-
- public class var sharedInstance: MusicPlayerManager {
- struct Singleton {
- static let instance = MusicPlayerManager()
- }
- // 后台播放
- let session = AVAudioSession.sharedInstance()
- do { try session.setActive(true) } catch { print(error) }
- do { try session.setCategory(AVAudioSessionCategoryPlayback) } catch { print(error) }
- return Singleton.instance
- }
-
- public enum ManagerStatus {
- case Non, LoadSongInfo, ReadyToPlay, Play, Pause, Stop
- }
- }
-
- // MARK: - basic public funcs
- extension MusicPlayerManager {
- /**
- 开始播放
- */
- public func play(musicURL: NSURL?) {
- guard let musicURL = musicURL else {return}
- if let index = getIndexOfMusic(music: musicURL) { // 歌曲在队列中,则按顺序播放
- currentIndex = index
- } else {
- putMusicToArray(music: musicURL)
- currentIndex = 0
- }
- playMusicWithCurrentIndex()
- }
-
- public func play(musicURL: NSURL?, callBack: ((tmpProgress: Float?, playProgress: Float?)->())?) {
- play(musicURL)
- progressCallBack = callBack
- }
-
- public func next() {
- currentIndex = getNextIndex()
- playMusicWithCurrentIndex()
- }
-
- public func previous() {
- currentIndex = getPreviousIndex()
- playMusicWithCurrentIndex()
- }
- /**
- 继续
- */
- public func goOn() {
- player?.rate = 1
- }
- /**
- 暂停 - 可继续
- */
- public func pause() {
- player?.rate = 0
- }
- /**
- 停止 - 无法继续
- */
- public func stop() {
- endPlay()
- }
- }
-
- // MARK: - private funcs
- extension MusicPlayerManager {
-
- private func putMusicToArray(music URL: NSURL) {
- if musicURLList == nil {
- musicURLList = [URL]
- } else {
- musicURLList!.insert(URL, atIndex: 0)
- }
- }
-
- private func getIndexOfMusic(music URL: NSURL) -> Int? {
- let index = musicURLList?.indexOf(URL)
- return index
- }
-
- private func getNextIndex() -> Int? {
- if let musicURLList = musicURLList where musicURLList.count > 0 {
- if let currentIndex = currentIndex where currentIndex + 1 < musicURLList.count {
- return currentIndex + 1
- } else {
- return 0
- }
- } else {
- return nil
- }
- }
-
- private func getPreviousIndex() -> Int? {
- if let currentIndex = currentIndex {
- if currentIndex - 1 >= 0 {
- return currentIndex - 1
- } else {
- return musicURLList?.count ?? 1 - 1
- }
- } else {
- return nil
- }
- }
-
- /**
- 从头播放音乐列表
- */
- private func replayMusicList() {
- guard let musicURLList = musicURLList where musicURLList.count > 0 else {return}
- currentIndex = 0
- playMusicWithCurrentIndex()
- }
- /**
- 播放当前音乐
- */
- private func playMusicWithCurrentIndex() {
- guard let currentURL = currentURL else {return}
- // 结束上一首
- endPlay()
- player = AVPlayer(playerItem: getPlayerItem(withURL: currentURL))
- observePlayingItem()
- }
- /**
- 本地不存在,返回nil,否则返回本地URL
- */
- private func getLocationFilePath(url: NSURL) -> NSURL? {
- let fileName = url.lastPathComponent
- let path = StreamAudioConfig.audioDicPath + "/\(fileName ?? "tmp.mp4")"
- if NSFileManager.defaultManager().fileExistsAtPath(path) {
- let url = NSURL.init(fileURLWithPath: path)
- return url
- } else {
- return nil
- }
- }
-
- private func getPlayerItem(withURL musicURL: NSURL) -> AVPlayerItem {
-
- if let locationFile = getLocationFilePath(musicURL) {
- let item = AVPlayerItem(URL: locationFile)
- return item
- } else {
- let playURL = resourceLoader.getURL(url: musicURL)! // 转换协议头
- let asset = AVURLAsset(URL: playURL)
- currentAsset = asset
- asset.resourceLoader.setDelegate(resourceLoader, queue: dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0))
- let item = AVPlayerItem(asset: asset)
- return item
- }
- }
-
- private func setupPlayer(withURL musicURL: NSURL) {
- let songItem = getPlayerItem(withURL: musicURL)
- player = AVPlayer(playerItem: songItem)
- }
-
- private func playerPlay() {
- player?.play()
- }
-
- private func endPlay() {
- status = ManagerStatus.Stop
- player?.rate = 0
- removeObserForPlayingItem()
- player?.replaceCurrentItemWithPlayerItem(nil)
- resourceLoader.cancel()
- currentAsset?.resourceLoader.setDelegate(nil, queue: nil)
-
- progressCallBack = nil
- resourceLoader = RequestLoader()
- playDuration = 0
- playTime = 0
- playEndConsul?()
- player = nil
- }
- }
-
- extension MusicPlayerManager {
- public override func observeValueForKeyPath(keyPath: String?, ofObject object: AnyObject?, change: [String : AnyObject]?, context: UnsafeMutablePointer) {
- guard object is AVPlayerItem else {return}
- let item = object as! AVPlayerItem
- if keyPath == "status" {
- if item.status == AVPlayerItemStatus.ReadyToPlay {
- status = .ReadyToPlay
- print("ReadyToPlay")
- let duration = item.duration
- playerPlay()
- print(duration)
- } else if item.status == AVPlayerItemStatus.Failed {
- status = .Stop
- print("Failed")
- stop()
- }
- } else if keyPath == "loadedTimeRanges" {
- let array = item.loadedTimeRanges
- guard let timeRange = array.first?.CMTimeRangeValue else {return} // 缓冲时间范围
- let totalBuffer = CMTimeGetSeconds(timeRange.start) + CMTimeGetSeconds(timeRange.duration) // 当前缓冲长度
- tmpTime = CGFloat(tmpTime)
- print("共缓冲 - \(totalBuffer)")
- let tmpProgress = tmpTime / playDuration
- progressCallBack?(tmpProgress: Float(tmpProgress), playProgress: nil)
- }
- }
-
- private func observePlayingItem() {
- guard let currentItem = self.player?.currentItem else {return}
- // KVO监听正在播放的对象状态变化
- currentItem.addObserver(self, forKeyPath: "status", options: NSKeyValueObservingOptions.New, context: nil)
- // 监听player播放情况
- playerStatusObserver = player?.addPeriodicTimeObserverForInterval(CMTimeMake(1, 1), queue: dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), usingBlock: { [weak self] (time) in
- guard let `self` = self else {return}
- // 获取当前播放时间
- self.status = .Play
- let currentTime = CMTimeGetSeconds(time)
- let totalTime = CMTimeGetSeconds(currentItem.duration)
- self.playDuration = CGFloat(totalTime)
- self.playTime = CGFloat(currentTime)
- print("current time ---- \(currentTime) ---- tutalTime ---- \(totalTime)")
- self.progressCallBack?(tmpProgress: nil, playProgress: Float(self.progress))
- if totalTime - currentTime < 0.1 {
- self.endPlay()
- }
- }) as? NSObject
- // 监听缓存情况
- currentItem.addObserver(self, forKeyPath: "loadedTimeRanges", options: NSKeyValueObservingOptions.New, context: nil)
- }
-
- private func removeObserForPlayingItem() {
- guard let currentItem = self.player?.currentItem else {return}
- currentItem.removeObserver(self, forKeyPath: "status")
- if playerStatusObserver != nil {
- player?.removeTimeObserver(playerStatusObserver!)
- playerStatusObserver = nil
- }
- currentItem.removeObserver(self, forKeyPath: "loadedTimeRanges")
- }
- }
-
- public struct StreamAudioConfig {
- static let audioDicPath: String = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSSearchPathDirectory.DocumentDirectory, NSSearchPathDomainMask.UserDomainMask, true).last! + "/streamAudio" // 缓冲文件夹
- static let tempPath: String = audioDicPath + "/temp.mp4" // 缓冲文件路径 - 非持久化文件路径 - 当前逻辑下,有且只有一个缓冲文件
-
- }