Docker基本命令

本文简单介绍docker的最基础的命令

目录

帮助命令

镜像命令

docker images 查看所有本地主机上的镜像

帮助命令

docker version        # 显示docker的版本信息
docker info           # 显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量。
docker 命令 --help    # 万能命令 

镜像命令

docker images 查看所有本地主机上的镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   2 months ago   13.3kB
 
# 解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG        镜像的标签
IMAGE ID   镜像的ID
CREATED    镜像的创建时间
SIZE       镜像的大小
 
# 命令的可选参数
[root@localhost ~]# docker images --help
 
Usage:  docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
List images
Options:
  -a, --all             Show all images (default hides intermediate images) 列出所有的镜像
      --digests         Show digests
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print images using a Go template
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
  -q, --quiet           Only show image IDs  只显示镜像的ID

docker search 镜像搜索

[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11741     [OK]       
mariadb                           MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4476      [OK]       
mysql/mysql-server                Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create…   875                  [OK]
phpmyadmin                        phpMyAdmin - A web interface for MySQL and M…   383       [OK]       
centos/mysql-57-centos7           MySQL 5.7 SQL database server                   92                   
mysql/mysql-cluster               Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. Cr…   89                   
centurylink/mysql                 Image containing mysql. Optimized to be link…   59                   [OK]
databack/mysql-backup             Back up mysql databases to... anywhere!         53     
 
# 命令的可选参数
[root@localhost ~]# docker search --help
 
Usage:  docker search [OPTIONS] TERM
 
Search the Docker Hub for images
 
Options:
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print search using a Go template
      --limit int       Max number of search results (default 25)
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
# 举例：搜索星标大于3000的mysql
[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11741     [OK]       
mariadb   MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4476      [OK]    

docker pull 下载镜像

# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[：tag] 
# 演示
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest // 不添加tag 默认下载最新的版本。 
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
a10c77af2613: Pull complete   // 分层下载， docker image的核心，联合文件系统
b76a7eb51ffd: Pull complete 
258223f927e4: Pull complete 
2d2c75386df9: Pull complete 
63e92e4046c9: Pull complete 
f5845c731544: Pull complete 
bd0401123a9b: Pull complete 
3ef07ec35f1a: Pull complete 
c93a31315089: Pull complete 
3349ed800d44: Pull complete 
6d01857ca4c1: Pull complete 
4cc13890eda8: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:aeecae58035f3868bf4f00e5fc623630d8b438db9d05f4d8c6538deb14d4c31b // 数字签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实的地址
# 即 docker pull mysql 等价于 docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
 
# 下载MySQL5.7 （下载的版本必须是已经发布镜像中包含的）
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
a10c77af2613: Already exists  # 因为分层下载的原因，可以共用文件。
b76a7eb51ffd: Already exists 
258223f927e4: Already exists 
2d2c75386df9: Already exists 
63e92e4046c9: Already exists 
f5845c731544: Already exists 
bd0401123a9b: Already exists 
2724b2da64fd: Pull complete 
d10a7e9e325c: Pull complete 
1c5fd9c3683d: Pull complete 
2e35f83a12e9: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:7a3a7b7a29e6fbff433c339fc52245435fa2c308586481f2f92ab1df239d6a29
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
 
 
# 查看现在的已经有的镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
mysql         5.7       8b43c6af2ad0   11 days ago    448MB
mysql         latest    b05128b000dd   11 days ago    516MB
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   2 months ago   13.3kB

docker rmi 删除镜像

# 删除MySQL5.7 一般使用镜像的ID删除
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f 8b43c6af2ad0
Untagged: mysql:5.7
Untagged: mysql@sha256:7a3a7b7a29e6fbff433c339fc52245435fa2c308586481f2f92ab1df239d6a29
Deleted: sha256:8b43c6af2ad08d95cdcb415d245446909a6cbc1875604c48c4325972e5b00442
Deleted: sha256:aad43f4d2f66438acd2d156216cd544a728851238714975c38d9a690f68afc57
Deleted: sha256:7b9addbc002c1e828aee7ec5c2679b04a591b6fa2b96002701ddee9d4ed54395
Deleted: sha256:b00f8e4e6ce8920fb563615503f232799ab380b338c3f2cbb5e86a2d762a6e80
Deleted: sha256:8fbabb17fd7b46a59cc15301741bf73a527b862f59cc6e84fae15b4dd5c425c0
 
# 按镜像的ID删除所有的镜像
# 格式  docker rmi -f 镜像ID1 镜像ID2 ...
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) 
Untagged: mysql:latest
Untagged: mysql@sha256:aeecae58035f3868bf4f00e5fc623630d8b438db9d05f4d8c6538deb14d4c31b
Deleted: sha256:b05128b000ddbafb0a0d2713086c6a1cc23280dee3529d37f03c98c97c8cf1ed
Deleted: sha256:2920230e18d6833c32c9f851905df9d3e2958a43b771c84908234ac031b25a45
Deleted: sha256:a790dd6a368bc9aa7d1b251b46ac2fc718ebae5a38ed51ff89ff99955dadaa35
Deleted: sha256:cd87c1db4b159f37f092e73a52c10d5ccb837ed7bfcdc3b008038540390454a4
Deleted: sha256:7f92300b04af4aef96d5ef6fab1e27456cef354eca04733d396ad74478bee7d8
Deleted: sha256:6a59f55eb4945598b4889ea269d79f8b99563c96e97ba2373e19712732d20352
Deleted: sha256:87030c256d8077b4d969e5819f5da01ed08f29e115eaec61b58b3f3134175e1e
Deleted: sha256:b1694d0bb0b1be63e940478b93aa34f46e18f8371539ccee3b5d580cbf576812
Deleted: sha256:f323fd0baccb89f82a5711fa6291f3b4c977b85c3bbba59b1080205b498133b1
Deleted: sha256:47a2799e90faa9d9aaaa4b63457390dcbf5b26ce67f0926821c50b982d741e32
Deleted: sha256:156f55d34ef3e567ef39380f8d86f7c946927a099a43205de8721e60bfef526e
Deleted: sha256:bb282bb84eb90a6040504a46f462ebe55cb9623df13219fc39f434a53ccd1687
Deleted: sha256:77b323d4ec74aad770337f99a60e862a64ccc53f4775b5f4945df0e606f78b90
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:cc15c5b292d8525effc0f89cb299f1804f3a725c8d05e158653a563f15e4f685
Deleted: sha256:feb5d9fea6a5e9606aa995e879d862b825965ba48de054caab5ef356dc6b3412

容器命令

有了镜像才能创建容器
下载一个linux进行学习`docker pull centos`

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
a1d0c7532777: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
docker.io/library/centos:latest

新建容器并启动

docker run [可选参数] image
 
# 参数说明
--name="name"    容器名字  tomcat01 tomcat02 用来区分容器
-d               后台方式运行
-it              使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p               指定容器的端口 -p  8080:8080
	-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
	-p 主机端口:容器端口（常用）
	-p 容器端口
-P               随机制定端口
 
 
# 测试运行， 启动并且进入容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash 
# 进入容器中后，root@ 后面的提示符变成了镜像的ID
[root@b2bc9c3ce6fe /]# ls  # 查看的是容器内的文件
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
# 从容器中退回主机
[root@b2bc9c3ce6fe /]# exit
exit

列出所有的运行的容器

# docker ps 命令   列出当前正在运行的容器
-a    # 列出当前正在运行的容器 + 历史运行过的容器
-n=?  # 显示最近创建的容器
-q    # 只显示容器的编号
 
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                          PORTS     NAMES
b2bc9c3ce6fe   centos         "/bin/bash"   3 minutes ago   Exited (0) About a minute ago             determined_diffie
0e3286c60dfb   feb5d9fea6a5   "/hello"      11 days ago     Exited (0) 11 days ago                    trusting_beaver

退出容器

exit # 直接退出容器并停止运行
Ctrl + P + Q # 容器不停止并且退出

删除容器

docker rm 容器id           # 删除指定的容器，不能删除正在运行的容器。如果要强制删除 rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)  # 删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm # 删除所有的容器

启动和停止容器

docker start 容器ID     # 启动容器
docker restart 容器ID   # 重启容器
docker stop 容器ID     # 停止当前的容器
docker kill 容器ID     # 强制停止当前的容器