通信与感知一体化相关论文整理1（摘要）【11.15新增3篇】_integrated sensing and communications metric

写在前面：该文写于2023.11.1，整理了IEEE上和ISAC相关的最新（均为2023年发表）顶刊论文，主要涉及到通信感知一体化等方面的内容。写文的初衷是为了找到自己最感兴趣的强相关论文，因此在时间有限的前提下只针对摘要部分（问题背景、解决方法、简要细节）做出翻译，并对摘要中核心的部分进行标红或划线处理，同时对英文摘要进行拆分，方便大家快速找到所需要的内容，摘要最后写了总结，大多为摘要概括或一些简单想法或疑问。

一、论文1：Collaborative Sensing in Perceptive Mobile Networks: Opportunities and Challenges

2023 IEEE Wireless Communications

原文：
背景：引入ISAC With the development of innovative applications that demand accurate environment information, for example, autonomous driving, sensing becomes an important requirement for future wireless networks. To this end, integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) provides a promising platform to exploit the synergy between sensing and communication, 引入PMNs：(感知移动网络)where perceptive mobile networks (PMNs) were proposed to add accurate sensing capability to existing wireless networks. The well-developed cellular networks offer exciting opportunities for sensing, including large coverage, strong computation, communication power, and, most importantly, networked sensing, where the perspectives from multiple sensing nodes can be collaboratively utilized for sensing the same target. PMNs存在的挑战：However, PMNs also face big challenges, such as the inherent interference between sensing and communication, the complex sensing environment, and the tracking of high-speed targets by cellular networks. 本文内容：This article provides a comprehensive review on the design of PMNs, covering the popular network architectures, sensing protocols, standing research problems, and available solutions. Several future research directions that are critical for the development of PMNs are also discussed.

翻译：

感知移动网络中的协作感知:机遇与挑战   随着对精确环境信息的需求不断增加，特别是在自动驾驶等创新应用的发展中，感知成为未来无线网络的一个重要需求。为此，集成感知与通信（ISAC）提供了一个有望利用感知与通信之间的协同作用的平台，引入了感知移动网络（Perceptive Mobile Networks, PMNs），其中提出了将准确感知能力添加到现有无线网络中。成熟的蜂窝网络为感知提供了诸多机会，包括广泛的覆盖范围、强大的计算、通信能力，最重要的是网络化感知，可以协同利用多个感知节点来感知相同的目标。然而，PMNs也面临着一些巨大的挑战，比如感知和通信之间的固有干扰、复杂的感知环境以及蜂窝网络对高速目标的跟踪。本文全面回顾了PMNs的设计，涵盖了流行的网络架构、感知协议、当前的研究问题以及可用的解决方案。还讨论了对PMNs发展至关重要的几个未来研究方向。

  总结：这是一篇综述论文，主要针对感知移动网络的设计、现有网络结构、感知协议、以及现有的研究问题及其解决方案进行总结，最后讨论完关于PMNs发展方面的一些未来的研究方向。

二、论文2：Air-Ground Integrated Sensing and Communications: Opportunities and Challenges

2023 IEEE Communications Magazine

原文：
背景：The air-ground integrated sensing and communications (AG-ISAC) network, which consists of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and ground terrestrial networks, offers unique capabilities and demands special design techniques. 本文内容：In this article, we provide a review on AG-ISAC, by introducing UAVs as “relay” nodes for both communications and sensing to resolve the power and computation constraints on UAVs. 内容细节：We first introduce an AG-ISAC framework, including the system architecture and protocol. Four potential use cases are then discussed, with the analysis on the characteristics and merits of AG-ISAC networks. The research on several critical techniques for AG-ISAC is then discussed. Finally, we present our vision of the challenges and future research directions for AG-ISAC, to facilitate the advancement of the technology.

翻译：

空地一体化感知与通信:机遇与挑战   由无人机和地面网络组成的空地一体化感知与通信(AG-ISAC)网络具有独特的能力,但也需要特殊的设计技术。本文对AG-ISAC进行了综述,提出将无人机作为通信和感知的“中继”节点,以解决无人机的功率和计算限制。首先介绍了AG-ISAC的框架,包括系统架构和协议。接着讨论了四个潜在的使用案例,分析AG-ISAC网络的特点和优势。然后探讨了AG-ISAC的几项关键技术。最后,提出了AG-ISAC面临的挑战和未来的研究方向,以推动该技术的发展。我们首先介绍了一个AG-ISAC框架,包括系统架构和协议。然后讨论了四个潜在的使用案例,分析了AG-ISAC网络的特点和优势。接着探讨了AG-ISAC的几项关键技术的研究。最后,我们提出了对AG-ISAC面临的挑战和未来研究方向的展望,以促进该技术的发展。

  总结：本文对空地一体化感知与通信（AG-ISAC）这类的新型网络框架进行了概述,介绍了其设计思路、应用场景、技术研究现状以及未来的发展方向。

三、论文3：Epidemic Theory-Inspired Integrated Sensing and Communication Networks: Design and Analysis

2023 IEEE Communications Magazine

原文：
  背景：The integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) has been proposed as an enabling technology for improving the network efficiency, where the wireless infrastructures and spectrum resources can be reused by co-designing the sensing and communication (S&C) functionalities. Different networks adopt the technique of ISAC to achieve the enhanced capabilities in precise localization, tracking, and imaging. 目标：To further improve the performance of cooperative detection, data dissemination can be carried out for ISAC-enabled networks. However, as sensing information sharing among S&C devices generally proceeds in a multi-hop manner, there exist various design challenges in ISAC-enabled networks, e.g., data dissemination modeling and deployment of S&C devices. 引入流行病理论：Since epidemic theory has been developed as an innovative tool for modeling data dissemination, it can also be applied to design and analyze the ISAC-enabled network. 本文方法：In this article, we first introduce the ISAC-enabled network as well as several design challenges. Then, we present some key design issues of the ISAC-enabled network, including the sensing information dissemination, where some scenarios or use cases for practical applications of the ISAC-enabled network are given to validate the effectiveness of the epidemic theory-based modeling. Finally, the potential directions of epidemic theory on ISAC-enabled networks are discussed to motivate future works.

翻译：

基于流行病理论的通感一体化网络：设计与分析   综合感知与通信（ISAC）已被提出作为一项促进网络效率提高的技术，通过协同设计感知与通信（S&C）功能，可以重复使用无线基础设施和频谱资源。不同网络采用ISAC技术以实现精确定位、跟踪和成像等增强功能。为了进一步提高协作检测性能，可以在ISAC启用的网络中进行数据传播。然而，由于S&C设备之间的感知信息共享通常以多跳方式进行，因此在ISAC启用的网络中存在各种设计挑战，例如数据传播建模和S&C设备的部署。鉴于流行病理论已被发展为一种用于模拟数据传播的创新工具，它也可以应用于设计和分析ISAC启用的网络。在本文中，首先介绍了ISAC启用的网络以及若干设计挑战。然后，我们提出了ISAC启用的网络的一些关键设计问题，包括感知信息传播，给出了一些实际应用ISAC启用的网络的场景或用例，以验证基于流行病理论的建模的有效性。最后，讨论了流行病理论在ISAC启用的网络上的潜在应用方向，以激发未来的研究工作。

  总结:该文章介绍了如何通过数据传播来提升协作检测性能，并讨论了ISAC启用网络中的设计挑战，包括感知信息传播和设备部署。作者还强调了流行病理论作为一种有潜力的工具，用于模拟和分析ISAC启用网络，并提供了实际应用案例来验证其有效性。最后，文章探讨了未来流行病理论在ISAC启用网络中的潜在应用方向，以激发未来的研究工作。

四、论文4：Integrated Sensing and Communications: A Mutual Information-Based Framework

2023 IEEE Communications Magazine

原文：
  背景：Integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) is capable of circumventing the limitations of existing frequency-division sensing and communications (FDSAC) techniques. Hence, it has recently attracted significant attention.本文内容：This article proposes a novel framework for ISAC from a mutual information (MI) perspective. Based on the proposed framework, the sensing performance and the communication performance are evaluated by the sensing MI and the communication MI, respectively. Under this framework, the sensing and communication (S&C) performance metrics, i.e., the S&C MI, have similar physical and mathematical properties as well as the same unit of measurement, which could facilitate theoretical analyses and waveform design. This framework defines ISAC’s fundamental performance limits, which serves as an alternative candidate for evaluating the S&C performance tradeoffs. Based on this framework, the S&C performance of downlink and uplink ISAC systems is investigated and compared with that of FDSAC systems. 性能分析：Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the superiority of ISAC over conventional FDSAC designs. Finally, promising open research directions are provided in the context of MI-based ISAC.
翻译：

综合感知与通信：一种基于互信息的框架   综合感知与通信（ISAC）能够规避现有的频分感知与通信（FDSAC）技术的限制，因此近来受到了广泛关注。本文提出了一种从互信息（MI）角度出发的新型ISAC框架。根据所提出的框架，感知性能和通信性能分别通过感知互信息和通信互信息来进行评估。在这一框架下，感知与通信（S&C）性能指标，即S&C互信息，具有相似的物理和数学特性，以及相同的测量单位，这有助于理论分析和波形设计。这一框架定义了ISAC的基本性能限制，可作为评估S&C性能权衡的备选候选。基于这一框架，研究了下行链路和上行链路的ISAC系统与FDSAC系统的S&C性能，并提供了数值结果，以展示ISAC相对于传统FDSAC设计的优越性。最后，针对基于互信息的ISAC，提供了有前途的开放性研究方向。

  总结：该论文从一个互信息的角度提出了一个新的ISAC框架。基于这一框架，通过评估感知互信息和通信互信息来获取感知和通信的性能。该框架定义了ISAC的基本性能上限，可以看作评估通信和感知平衡效果的候选方法。

五、论文5：Multi-View Sensing for Wireless Communications: Architectures, Designs, and Opportunities

2023 IEEE Communications Magazine **原文：**

  背景：Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is emerged as a research hotspot of key technologies in future wireless communication systems with the purpose of achieving environment sensing within a wireless communication framework. To achieve complete and accurate sensing of the large-scale complex environment, multiple views from different user equipments (UEs) and base stations (BSs) in a wireless network should be fully and cooperatively exploited. 本文方法：In this article, both centralized and distributed architectures of multi-view sensing for wireless communications are proposed. For each architecture, the key performance indicators are pointed out. To realize the multi-view sensing, various signal processing as well as machine learning methods are discussed with detailed classifications and comparisons. 性能分析：Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed architectures and schemes.
翻译：

无线通信的多视角感知：架构、设计和机遇   感知与通信一体化（ISAC）已经成为未来无线通信系统中关键技术的研究热点，旨在实现在无线通信框架内的环境感知。为了实现对大规模复杂环境的完整和准确感知，应充分合作利用无线网络中不同用户设备（UEs）和基站（BSs）提供的多个视角。本文提出了用于无线通信的多视角感知的集中式和分布式架构，并指出了每个架构的关键性能指标。为了实现多视角感知，讨论了各种信号处理和机器学习方法，并提供了详细的分类和比较。仿真结果验证了所提出的架构和方案的有效性。

  总结：该论文旨在通过多视角感知实现无线通信中的环境感知，提出了集中式和分布式结构，并明确了性能指标。此外，文章对多种信号处理方法进行了分类和比较，包括机器学习。

六、论文6：Networking Based ISAC Hardware Testbed and Performance Evaluation

2023 IEEE Communications Magazine

原文：

  背景：As one of the candidate technologies for 6G mobile system, integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) can support the mobile network evolving from the communication-only network to the multi-functional network. The networking based ISAC can empower the effective multi-node cooperative perception and sensing data sharing among multiple sensing nodes. 本文方法：In this article, we explore different properties of signals available for radar sensing and aim to combine the ISAC technology with the cellular network by optimizing the multi-dimensional resource scheduling. 仿真平台：In the developed simulation platform, different mapping patterns of reference signals are exploited to realize the performance trade-off between communication and sensing functions. 性能分析：Finally, the ISAC enabled cooperative perception hardware testbed has been designed and implemented, which can decrease the positioning error by 61 percent compared to a single ISAC system.
翻译：

基于网络的ISAC硬件测试平台和性能评估   作为6G移动系统的候选技术之一，综合感知与通信（ISAC）可以支持移动网络从仅通信网络发展为多功能网络。基于网络的ISAC可以增强多节点协作感知和多个感知节点之间的感知数据共享的有效性。在本文中，我们探讨了用于雷达感知的信号的不同特性，并旨在通过优化多维资源调度将ISAC技术与蜂窝网络相结合。在开发的仿真平台中，利用不同的参考信号映射模式来实现通信和感知功能之间的性能权衡。最后，我们设计并实施了ISAC启用的协作感知硬件测试平台，与单一ISAC系统相比，可以减小定位误差61%。

  总结：该论文探索了用于雷达感知可用信号的不同特性，从而可以将ISAC技术与蜂窝网络进行合并，从而优化多维资源调度问题。

七、论文7：NOMA for Integrating Sensing and Communications towards 6G: A Multiple Access Perspective

2023 IEEE Wireless Communicationse

原文：
  背景：This article focuses on the development of integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) from a multiple access (MA) perspective, where the idea of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is exploited for harmoniously accommodating the sensing and communication functionalities. We first reveal that the developing trend of ISAC is from orthogonality to non-orthogonality, and introduce the fundamental models of the downlink and uplink ISAC while identifying the design challenges from the MA perspective. 设计挑战：(1) For the downlink ISAC, we propose two novel designs, namely NOMA-empowered downlink ISAC and NOMA-inspired downlink ISAC to effectively coordinate the inter-user interference and the sensingto- communication interference, respectively. (2) For the uplink ISAC, we first propose a pure-NOMA-based uplink ISAC design, where a fixed communication-to-sensing successive interference cancellation order is employed for distinguishing the mixed sensing-communication signal received over the fully shared radio resources. Then, we propose a general semi-NOMA-based uplink ISAC design, which includes the conventional orthogonal multiple access-based and pure-NOMA-based uplink ISAC as special cases, thus being capable of providing flexible resource allocation strategies between sensing and communication. 性能分析：Along each proposed NOMA-ISAC design, numerical results are provided for showing the superiority over conventional ISAC designs.
翻译：

面向6G的MIMO通信感知一体化：从多址接入的角度   作为6G移动系统的候选技术之一，综合感知与通信（ISAC）可以支持移动网络从仅通信网络发展为多功能网络。基于网络的ISAC可以增强多节点协作感知和多个感知节点之间的感知数据共享的有效性。在本文中，我们探讨了用于雷达感知的信号的不同特性，并旨在通过优化多维资源调度将ISAC技术与蜂窝网络相结合。在开发的仿真平台中，利用不同的参考信号映射模式来实现通信和感知功能之间的性能权衡。最后，我们设计并实施了ISAC启用的协作感知硬件测试平台，与单一ISAC系统相比，可以减小定位误差61%。

  总结：该论文从多址接入的角度讨论了通信感知一体化的发展，并从该角度总结了ISAC设计的一些挑战。

八、论文8：Orthogonal Time Frequency Space and Predictive Beamforming-Enabled URLLC in Vehicular Networks

2023 IEEE Wireless Communications

原文：
  背景：To fulfill the requirements of future intelligent transportation system in 6G era, ultra-reliable and low-latency vehicular communications is of great importance. In high-mobility scenarios, the conventional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation may fail to work due to high Doppler spreads. Moreover, the dynamic network topology imposes challenges on aligning the beams in multiple antenna systems. 本文方法：In this context, this article introduces a new orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) and sensing-assisted predictive beamforming framework for supporting reliable and low-latency vehicular communications. 内容细节：In particular, we will first overview the OTFS modulation scheme, which performs data transmission in the delay-Doppler (DD) domain and discuss its superiority in improving communication reliability in vehicular networks. Then the sensing-assisted predictive beamforming scheme will be introduced, which does not rely on dedicated pilots for beam pairing, leading to very low overhead and latency. Benefiting from the DD channel representation, we briefly discuss the potential of channel prediction. Lastly, the challenges and future research directions are summarized.

翻译：

车辆网络中的正交时频空间和预测波束赋形支持的超低时延通信（URLLC）   为了满足6G时代未来智能交通系统的需求，具有超高可靠性和低时延的车辆通信至关重要。在高度移动的场景中，传统的正交频分复用（OFDM）调制可能由于高多普勒展宽而无法正常工作。此外，动态的网络拓扑结构对多天线系统中波束的对齐提出了挑战。在这个背景下，本文介绍了一种支持可靠和低时延车辆通信的新型正交时频空间（OTFS）和传感辅助预测波束赋形框架。具体而言，首先我们将概述OTFS调制方案，它在时延-多普勒（DD）域进行数据传输，并讨论了它在提高车辆网络通信可靠性方面的优越性。然后，介绍了传感辅助的预测波束赋形方案，它不依赖于专用导频进行波束配对，从而降低了开销和时延。由于DD信道表示的好处，我们简要讨论了信道预测的潜力。最后，总结了挑战和未来研究方向。

  总结：论文介绍了一种新的OTFS和感知辅助的波束成形预测框架，以支持可靠和低时延车辆通信。

九、论文9：Over-the-Air Integrated Sensing, Communication, and Computation in IoT Networks

2023 IEEE Wireless Communications

原文：
  To facilitate the development of Internet of Things (IoT) services, tremendous IoT devices are deployed in the wireless network to collect and pass data to the server for further processing. Aiming at improving the data sensing and delivering efficiency, the integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) technique has been proposed to design dual-functional signals for both radar sensing and data communication. To accelerate the data processing, the function computation via signal transmission is enabled by over-the-air computation (AirComp), which is based on the analog-wave addition property in a multi-access channel. As a natural combination, the emerging technology namely over-the-air integrated sensing, communication, and computation (Air-ISCC) adopts both the promising performances of ISAC and AirComp to improve the spectrum efficiency and reduce latency by enabling simultaneous sensing, communication, and computation. In this article, we provide a promptly overview of Air-ISCC by introducing the fundamentals, discussing the advanced techniques, and identifying the applications.
翻译：

物联网网络中基于空域的通感算一体化   为促进物联网（IoT）服务的发展，在无线网络中部署了大量IoT设备，用于收集数据并传递给服务器进行进一步处理。为了提高数据感知和传输效率，提出了综合感知与通信（ISAC）技术，用于设计既适用于雷达感知又适用于数据通信的双功能信号。为了加速数据处理，通过信号传输进行功能计算是通过基于多址信道中的模拟波叠加特性的"空中计算"（AirComp）实现的。作为一种自然的结合，新兴技术"空中综合感知、通信和计算"（Air-ISCC）采用了ISAC和AirComp的优越性能，通过实现同时感知、通信和计算来提高频谱效率并降低时延。在本文中，我们通过介绍基本原理、讨论先进技术和确定应用领域，提供了对Air-ISCC的快速概述。

  总结：在ISAC问题中为了加速信号处理，为了加速数据处理，通过信号传输实现的功能计算是通过基于多址信道中的模拟波叠加特性的"空中计算"（AirComp）来实现的。

十、论文10：Predictive Precoder Design for OTFS-Enabled URLLC: A Deep Learning Approach

2023 IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications

原文：
  论文内容概括：This paper investigates the orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) transmission for enabling ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC). 背景：实际预编码设计需要发射机精确的瞬时CSI To guarantee excellent reliability performance, pragmatic precoder design is an effective and indispensable solution. However, the design requires accurate instantaneous channel state information at the transmitter (ICSIT) which is not always available in practice. 本文内容：Motivated by this, we adopt a deep learning (DL) approach to exploit implicit features from estimated historical delay-Doppler domain channels (DDCs) |to directly predict the precoder| to be adopted in the next time frame |for minimizing the frame error rate (FER), that can further improve the system reliability without the acquisition of ICSIT. 论文结构：To this end, we first establish a predictive transmission protocol and formulate a general problem for the precoder design where a closed-form theoretical FER expression is derived serving as the objective function to characterize the system reliability. Then, we propose a DL-based predictive precoder design framework which exploits an unsupervised learning mechanism to improve the practicability of the proposed scheme. 方法细节：As a realization of the proposed framework, we design a DDCs-aware convolutional long short-term memory (CLSTM) network for the precoder design, where both the convolutional neural network and LSTM modules are adopted to facilitate the spatial-temporal feature extraction from the estimated historical DDCs to further enhance the precoder performance. 性能分析：Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme facilitates a flexible reliability-latency tradeoff and achieves an excellent FER performance that approaches the lower bound obtained by a genie-aided benchmark requiring perfect ICSI at both the transmitter and receiver.
翻译：

用于OTFS使能的URLLC的预测性预编码设计：一种深度学习方法   这篇论文研究了正交时频空（OTFS）传输，以实现超可靠低时延通信（URLLC）。在实际预编码设计中，确保出色的可靠性性能需要发射机精确的瞬时信道状态信息（ICSIT），这是一种有效且不可或缺的解决方案。然而，这种设计在实践中并不总是可用的。为了克服这个问题，本文采用深度学习（DL）方法，从估计的历史时延-多普勒域信道（DDC）中挖掘隐含特征，直接预测下一时刻采用的预编码器，以最小化帧错误率（FER），从而提高系统的可靠性，而无需获取ICSIT。为此，首先建立了一个预测性传输协议，并制定了一个通用的预编码器设计问题，其中导出了一个闭合的理论FER表达式，作为表征系统可靠性的目标函数。然后，提出了一个基于DL的预测性预编码器设计框架，该框架利用无监督学习机制提高了所提方案的实用性。作为所提框架的实现，我们设计了一个DDC感知的卷积长短时记忆（CLSTM）网络，用于预编码器设计，其中采用卷积神经网络和LSTM模块，以从估计的历史DDC中进行时空特征提取，从而进一步提高预编码器性能。仿真结果表明，所提方案有助于实现可靠性和时延之间的灵活权衡，并实现了接近由需要发射机和接收机处的完美ICSI的妙手引导基准所得到的下界的出色FER性能。

  总结：该论文主要研究了超可靠低时延通信的OTFS传输问题。由于实际的预编码设计需要得到发射机精确的信道状态信息，论文使用一种深度学习的方法探索了来自于时延-多普勒域信道的潜在特征，使误帧率尽可能低的前提下实现下一帧的直接预编码。

十一、论文11：NOMA-Aided Joint Communication, Sensing, and Multi-Tier Computing Systems

2023 IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications

原文：
  论文内容概括：A non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-aided joint communication, sensing, and multi-tier computing (JCSMC) framework is proposed. 多功能基站：In this framework, a multi-functional base station (BS) simultaneously carries out target sensing and provide edge computing services to the nearby users. 多层计算结构：To enhance the computation efficiency, the multi-tier computing structure is exploited, where the BS can further offload the computation tasks to a powerful Cloud server (CS). The potential benefits of employing NOMA in the proposed JCSMC framework are investigated, which can maximize the computation offloading capacity and suppress inter-functionality interference. Based on the proposed framework, the transmit beamformer of the BS and computing resource allocation among the BS and CS are jointly optimized to maximize the computation rate subject to the communication-computation causality and the sensing quality constraints. 两种卸载模式：Both partial and binary computation offloading modes are considered: 1) For the partial offloading mode, a weighted minimum mean square error based alternating optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the corresponding non-convex optimization problem. It is proved that a Karush–Kuhn–Tucker optimal solution can be obtained; 2) For the binary offloading mode, the resultant highly-coupled mixed-integer optimization problem is first transformed to an equivalent but more tractable form. Then, the reformulated problem is solved by utilizing the alternating direction method of multipliers approach to obtain a nearly optimal solution. 性能分析：Finally, numerical results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms and reveal that: i) the computation rate can be significantly enhanced by exploiting the multi-tier computing architecture when the BS is resource-limited, and ii) the proposed NOMA-aided JSCMC framework is superior in inter-functionality interference management and can achieve high-quality sensing and computing performance simultaneously compared with other benchmark schemes.
翻译：

NOMA辅助的联合通信、感知和多层次计算系统   论文提出了一种非正交多址（NOMA）辅助的联合通信、感知和多层次计算（JCSMC）框架。在这个框架中，多功能基站（BS）同时进行目标感知并为附近的用户提供边缘计算服务。为了提高计算效率，利用了多层次计算结构，其中BS可以将计算任务进一步卸载到强大的云服务器（CS）。研究了在提出的JCSMC框架中采用NOMA的潜在优势，它可以最大化计算卸载容量并抑制功能间干扰。基于提出的框架，联合优化了BS的发送波束形成器和BS与CS之间的计算资源分配，以最大化计算速率，同时考虑通信-计算因果关系和感知质量约束。考虑了部分和二进制计算卸载模式：1) 对于部分卸载模式，提出了基于加权最小均方误差的交替优化算法来解决相应的非凸优化问题。证明了可以得到Karush–Kuhn–Tucker最优解；2) 对于二进制卸载模式，首先将产生的高度耦合的混合整数优化问题转化为一个等价但更易处理的形式。然后，利用交替方向乘法器方法解决了重新构造的问题，得到了一个近乎最优的解。最后，数值结果验证了所提算法的有效性，并揭示了：i) 在BS资源有限时，通过利用多层次计算架构可以显著提高计算速率；ii) 与其他基准方案相比，所提出的NOMA辅助的JSCMC框架在功能间干扰管理方面更为优越，能够同时实现高质量的感知和计算性能。

  总结：该论文给出了一种NOMA辅助的联合通信、感知多层计算框架。在该框架中，引入了多功能基站、多层计算结构以及该框架中采用NOMA技术的潜在优势，并提出了两种计算卸载模式。最后数值结果验证了所提算法的有效性。

十二、论文12：A Non-orthogonal Uplink/Downlink IoT Solution for Next-generation ISAC Systems

2023 IEEE Internet of Things Journal

原文：
  背景：介绍ISAC及模块功能并引入IoT An integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system is investigated, where the base station (BS) provides both uplink and downlink Internet-of-Things (IoT) services as well as target sensing services. 引入NO-T：Furthermore, non-orthogonal transmission (NO-T) is introduced for improving the spectrum efficiency. 存在的挑战：The deleterious effects of hardware impairments, channel estimation errors, and imperfect successive interference cancellation are taken into account.论文内容： Both the exact and asymptotic outage probabilities (OPs) of the IoT devices as well as the probability of successful detection (PoD) are derived for characterizing the communication and sensing (C&S) performances. As a further development, in the presence of the sensing requirements, a communication-centric power allocation (PA) problem is formulated for maximizing the sum rate of the IoT devices. Given the non-convexity of the problem, an alternating optimization algorithm is developed for finding a near-optimal PA. 性能分析：The simulation results confirm the accuracy of the analysis and demonstrate that: (1) The above non-ideal factors degrade the C&S performances; (2) The NO-T ISAC system considered outperforms pure ISAC in terms of both its OP and PoD; (3) Compared to other baseline PA schemes, the proposed algorithm maximizes the sum rates while meeting the sensing requirements.
翻译：

用于下一代ISAC系统的一种非正交上/下行链路物联网解决方案   论文研究了一种集成感知和通信（ISAC）系统，其中基站（BS）提供上行和下行物联网（IoT）服务以及目标感知服务。引入非正交传输（NO-T）以提高频谱效率。考虑到硬件损伤、信道估计误差和不完美的连续干扰消除的有害影响。论文内容：推导了物联网设备的确切和渐近中断概率（OPs），以及成功检测的概率（PoD），以表征通信和感知（C&S）性能。在存在感知需求的情况下，进一步研究了了用于最大化物联网设备总速率的通信为中心的功率分配（PA）问题。鉴于问题的非凸性，开发了一种交替优化算法，用于找到近似最优的PA。性能分析：仿真结果确认了分析的准确性，并证明了：（1）上述非理想因素降低了C&S性能；（2）考虑的NO-T ISAC系统在OP和PoD方面优于纯ISAC；（3）与其他基准PA方案相比，所提出的算法在满足感知要求的同时最大化了总速率。

  总结：论文研究了一种用于下一代ISAC系统的一种非正交上/下行链路物联网解决方案，并引入非正交传输（NO-T）以提高频谱效率。具体而言，推导了用于表征通感性能的渐进中断概率和成功检测概率，并进一步研究了功率分配（PA）问题，开发了一种交替优化算法，仿真结果表明该方法可以找到近似最优的PA。