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目录是字符串的特殊应用。这里主要介绍目录相关的字符串处理命令。
Usage: dirname [OPTION] NAME...
Output each NAME with its last non-slash component and trailing slashes
removed; if NAME contains no /'s, output '.' (meaning the current directory).
标红的部分不是很好理解,从例子看大概是将路径最后一部分删除和其前面的/删除,输出剩余部分。
如果路径中没有/,输出.
注意目录只有一个开始的/,/不被删除。例如/usr
-z, --zero end each output line with NUL, not newline
Examples:
dirname /usr/bin/ -> "/usr"
dirname dir1/str dir2/str -> "dir1" followed by "dir2"
dirname stdio.h -> "."
- renhl@verygood:~/usb$ dirname /usr/bin/ #去除左后的/bin/
- /usr
- renhl@verygood:~/usb$ dirname dir1/str dir2/str #支持多个目录输入,分别去除左后的/str
- dir1
- dir2
- renhl@verygood:~/usb$ dirname stdio.h # 不包含/时,返回. 表示当前目录
- .
- renhl@verygood:~/usb$ dirname /usr # 一般都会去除最后一部分的和其前面的/, 例如 /usr/bin/,去除/bin/。如果只有根目录,不去除前面的/。
- # 或者理解为绝对路径,全部去除,返回/ 表示根目录
- /
- renhl@verygood:~/usb$
Usage: basename NAME [SUFFIX]
or: basename OPTION... NAME...
Print NAME with any leading directory components removed.
If specified, also remove a trailing SUFFIX.
打印名字,同时将前面的目录组件全部删除。
如果指定后缀,删除尾部的后缀
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-a, --multiple support multiple arguments and treat each as a NAME
-s, --suffix=SUFFIX remove a trailing SUFFIX; implies -a
-z, --zero end each output line with NUL, not newline
--help display this help and exit
--version output version information and exit
Examples:
basename /usr/bin/sort -> "sort"
basename include/stdio.h .h -> "stdio"
basename -s .h include/stdio.h -> "stdio"
basename -a any/str1 any/str2 -> "str1" followed by "str2"
- renhl@verygood:~/usb$ basename /usr/bin/sort
- sort
- renhl@verygood:~/usb$ basename include/stdio.h .h #指定后缀.h 同时删除后缀和前面的目录部分
- stdio
- renhl@verygood:~/usb$ basename -s .h include/stdio.h #-s指定后缀.h 同时删除后缀和前面的目录部分
- stdio
- renhl@verygood:~/usb$ basename -a any/str1 any/str2 #-a 多个NAME依次处理
- str1
- str2
- renhl@verygood:~/usb$
Usage: realpath [OPTION]... FILE...
Print the resolved absolute file name;
all but the last component must exist
打印文件名的绝对路径
除了最后的文件名,其余的部分需要存在的。
-e, --canonicalize-existing all components of the path must exist
-m, --canonicalize-missing no path components need exist or be a directory
-L, --logical resolve '..' components before symlinks
-P, --physical resolve symlinks as encountered (default)
-q, --quiet suppress most error messages
--relative-to=DIR print the resolved path relative to DIR
--relative-base=DIR print absolute paths unless paths below DIR
-s, --strip, --no-symlinks don't expand symlinks
-z, --zero end each output line with NUL, not newline
- renhl@verygood:~$ ls -l
- total 0
- lrwxrwxrwx 1 renhl renhl 13 Mar 30 09:27 usb -> /mnt/f/share/
- renhl@verygood:~$ realpath usb #解析symlinks
- /mnt/f/share
- renhl@verygood:~$ pwd
- /home/renhl
- renhl@verygood:~$ realpath -s usb #-s 不扩展symlinks,不解析symlinks
- /home/renhl/usb
- renhl@verygood:~$ realpath 1.txt #1.txt文件是不存在,realpath只是将当前路径和1.txt进行连接输出
- /home/renhl/1.txt
- renhl@verygood:~$
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