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Java生成二维码和处理白边的两种方式_java 生成二维码去除留白

作者：盐析白兔 | 2024-05-21 19:52:49

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java 生成二维码去除留白

一、生成二维码

1.1、使用hutool工具

参考资料：Hutool参考文档

maven引入依赖包及示例代码

  1. <dependency>
  2.     <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
  3.     <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
  4.     <version>5.7.4</version>
  5. </dependency>
  1. package io.renren.demo;
  2.  
  3. import cn.hutool.core.io.FastByteArrayOutputStream;
  4. import cn.hutool.extra.qrcode.QrCodeUtil;
  5. import cn.hutool.extra.qrcode.QrConfig;
  6.  
  7. import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
  8. import java.awt.*;
  9. import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
  10. import java.io.IOException;
  11. import java.util.Base64;
  12.  
  13. public class Demo14 {
  14.     public static void main(String[] args) {
  15.         // 二维码内容
  16.         String url = "https://www.baidu.com/";
  17.         QrConfig config = new QrConfig(300, 300);//二维码宽/高
  18.         // 设置边距，既二维码和背景之间的边距（即白边大小）
  19.         config.setMargin(2);
  20.         // 设置前景色，既二维码颜色（青色）
  21.         config.setForeColor(Color.CYAN.getRGB());
  22.         // 设置背景色（灰色）
  23.         config.setBackColor(Color.GRAY.getRGB());
  24.         // 生成二维码并指定宽高
  25.         BufferedImage generate = QrCodeUtil.generate(url, config);
  26.         // 转换流信息写出
  27.         FastByteArrayOutputStream os = new FastByteArrayOutputStream();
  28.         try {
  29.             ImageIO.write(generate, "png", os);
  30.         } catch (IOException e) {
  31.             e.getMessage();
  32.         }
  33.         //如果二维码要在前端显示需要转成Base64
  34.         System.out.println("图片二维码："+ Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(os.toByteArray()));
  35.     }
  36. }

1.2、使用zxing

maven引入依赖包：

  1. <!-- 二维码工具-->
  2. <dependency>
  3. 	<groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId>
  4. 	<artifactId>core</artifactId>
  5. 	<version>3.3.3</version>
  6. </dependency>
  7. <dependency>
  8. 	<groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId>
  9. 	<artifactId>javase</artifactId>
  10. 	<version>3.3.3</version>
  11. </dependency>

推荐直接copy使用,功能比较齐全，因为我也是copy的

包结构：

 conf包下的QrCodeConfig.java文件

  1. import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType;
  2. import com.google.zxing.WriterException;
  3. import com.google.zxing.client.j2se.MatrixToImageConfig;
  4. import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel;
  5. import com.mh.jishi.util.qrcode.QrCodeGenWrapper;
  6. import lombok.Getter;
  7. import lombok.Setter;
  8. import lombok.ToString;
  9.  
  10. import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
  11. import java.io.IOException;
  12. import java.util.HashMap;
  13. import java.util.Map;
  14.  
  15. /**
  16.  * 二维吗配置信息
  17.  */
  18. @Getter
  19. @Setter
  20. @ToString
  21. public class QrCodeConfig {
  22.     /**
  23.      * 塞入二维码的信息
  24.      */
  25.     private String msg;
  26.  
  27.  
  28.     /**
  29.      * 二维码中间的logo
  30.      */
  31.     private String logo;
  32.  
  33.  
  34.     /**
  35.      * 生成二维码的宽
  36.      */
  37.     private Integer w;
  38.  
  39.  
  40.     /**
  41.      * 生成二维码的高
  42.      */
  43.     private Integer h;
  44.  
  45.  
  46.     /**
  47.      * 生成二维码的颜色
  48.      */
  49.     private MatrixToImageConfig matrixToImageConfig;
  50.  
  51.  
  52.     private Map<EncodeHintType, Object> hints;
  53.  
  54.  
  55.     /**
  56.      * 生成二维码图片的格式 png, jpg
  57.      */
  58.     private String picType;
  59.  
  60.  
  61.     @ToString
  62.     public static class QrCodeConfigBuilder {
  63.         private static final MatrixToImageConfig DEFAULT_CONFIG = new MatrixToImageConfig();
  64.  
  65.         /**
  66.          * The message to put into QrCode
  67.          */
  68.         private String msg;
  69.  
  70.  
  71.         /**
  72.          * qrcode center logo
  73.          */
  74.         private String logo;
  75.  
  76.  
  77.         /**
  78.          * qrcode image width
  79.          */
  80.         private Integer w;
  81.  
  82.  
  83.         /**
  84.          * qrcode image height
  85.          */
  86.         private Integer h;
  87.  
  88.  
  89.         /**
  90.          * qrcode bgcolor, default white
  91.          */
  92.         private Integer offColor;
  93.  
  94.  
  95.         /**
  96.          * qrcode msg color, default black
  97.          */
  98.         private Integer onColor;
  99.  
  100.  
  101.         /**
  102.          * qrcode message's code, default UTF-8
  103.          */
  104.         private String code;
  105.  
  106.  
  107.         /**
  108.          * 0 - 4
  109.          */
  110.         private Integer padding;
  111.  
  112.  
  113.         /**
  114.          * error level, default H
  115.          */
  116.         private ErrorCorrectionLevel errorCorrection;
  117.  
  118.  
  119.         /**
  120.          * output qrcode image type, default png
  121.          */
  122.         private String picType;
  123.  
  124.  
  125.         public String getMsg() {
  126.             return msg;
  127.         }
  128.  
  129.         public QrCodeConfigBuilder setMsg(String msg) {
  130.             this.msg = msg;
  131.             return this;
  132.         }
  133.  
  134.         public String getLogo() {
  135.             return logo;
  136.         }
  137.  
  138.         public QrCodeConfigBuilder setLogo(String logo) {
  139.             this.logo = logo;
  140.             return this;
  141.         }
  142.  
  143.         public Integer getW() {
  144.             return w == null ? (h == null ? 200 : h) : w;
  145.         }
  146.  
  147.         public QrCodeConfigBuilder setW(Integer w) {
  148.             if (w != null && w < 0) {
  149.                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("???????????0");
  150.             }
  151.             this.w = w;
  152.             return this;
  153.         }
  154.  
  155.         public Integer getH() {
  156.             if (w != null && w < 0) {
  157.                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("???????????0");
  158.             }
  159.             return h == null ? (w == null ? 200 : w) : h;
  160.         }
  161.  
  162.         public QrCodeConfigBuilder setH(Integer h) {
  163.             this.h = h;
  164.             return this;
  165.         }
  166.  
  167.         public Integer getOffColor() {
  168.             return offColor == null ? MatrixToImageConfig.WHITE : offColor;
  169.         }
  170.  
  171.         public QrCodeConfigBuilder setOffColor(Integer offColor) {
  172.             this.offColor = offColor;
  173.             return this;
  174.         }
  175.  
  176.         public Integer getOnColor() {
  177.             return onColor == null ? MatrixToImageConfig.BLACK : onColor;
  178.         }
  179.  
  180.         public QrCodeConfigBuilder setOnColor(Integer onColor) {
  181.             this.onColor = onColor;
  182.             return this;
  183.         }
  184.  
  185.         public String getCode() {
  186.             return code == null ? "UTF-8" : code;
  187.         }
  188.  
  189.         public QrCodeConfigBuilder setCode(String code) {
  190.             this.code = code;
  191.             return this;
  192.         }
  193.  
  194.         public Integer getPadding() {
  195.             if (padding == null) {
  196.                 return 1;
  197.             }
  198.  
  199.             if (padding < 0) {
  200.                 return 0;
  201.             }
  202.  
  203.             if (padding > 4) {
  204.                 return 4;
  205.             }
  206.  
  207.             return padding;
  208.         }
  209.  
  210.         public QrCodeConfigBuilder setPadding(Integer padding) {
  211.             this.padding = padding;
  212.             return this;
  213.         }
  214.  
  215.  
  216.         public String getPicType() {
  217.             return picType == null ? "png" : picType;
  218.         }
  219.  
  220.         public QrCodeConfigBuilder setPicType(String picType) {
  221.             this.picType = picType;
  222.             return this;
  223.         }
  224.  
  225.         public ErrorCorrectionLevel getErrorCorrection() {
  226.             return errorCorrection == null ? ErrorCorrectionLevel.H : errorCorrection;
  227.         }
  228.  
  229.         public QrCodeConfigBuilder setErrorCorrection(ErrorCorrectionLevel errorCorrection) {
  230.             this.errorCorrection = errorCorrection;
  231.             return this;
  232.         }
  233.  
  234.         private void validate() {
  235.             if (msg == null || msg.length() == 0) {
  236.                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("????????????!");
  237.             }
  238.         }
  239.  
  240.  
  241.         private QrCodeConfig create() {
  242.             this.validate();
  243.  
  244.             QrCodeConfig qrCodeConfig = new QrCodeConfig();
  245.             qrCodeConfig.setMsg(getMsg());
  246.             qrCodeConfig.setH(getH());
  247.             qrCodeConfig.setW(getW());
  248.             qrCodeConfig.setLogo(getLogo());
  249.             qrCodeConfig.setPicType(getPicType());
  250.  
  251.             Map<EncodeHintType, Object> hints = new HashMap<>(3);
  252.             hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, this.getErrorCorrection());
  253.             hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, this.getCode());
  254.             hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, this.getPadding());
  255.             qrCodeConfig.setHints(hints);
  256.  
  257.  
  258.             MatrixToImageConfig config;
  259.             if (getOnColor() == MatrixToImageConfig.BLACK
  260.                     && getOffColor() == MatrixToImageConfig.WHITE) {
  261.                 config = DEFAULT_CONFIG;
  262.             } else {
  263.                 config = new MatrixToImageConfig(getOnColor(), getOffColor());
  264.             }
  265.             qrCodeConfig.setMatrixToImageConfig(config);
  266.  
  267.  
  268.             return qrCodeConfig;
  269.         }
  270.  
  271.         /**
  272.          * create qrcodeConfig
  273.          *
  274.          * @return 返回构造的 QrCodeConfig 对象
  275.          */
  276.         public QrCodeConfig build() {
  277.             return create();
  278.         }
  279.  
  280.  
  281.         public BufferedImage asBufferedImage() throws IOException, WriterException {
  282.             return QrCodeGenWrapper.asBufferedImage(create());
  283.         }
  284.  
  285.  
  286.         public boolean asFile(String absFileName) throws IOException, WriterException {
  287.             return QrCodeGenWrapper.asFile(create(), absFileName);
  288.         }
  289.     }
  290. }

util包：FileUtil.java

  1. import java.io.File;
  2. import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
  3.  
  4. /**
  5.  * 文件工具类
  6.  */
  7. public class FileUtil {
  8.     /**
  9.      * 递归生成目录, file 为根据相对路径创建时, 会抛npe
  10.      * @param file {@link  File}file对象
  11.      */
  12.     public static void mkDir(File file) throws FileNotFoundException {
  13.         if (file.getParentFile() == null) {
  14.             file = file.getAbsoluteFile();
  15.         }
  16.  
  17.         if (file.getParentFile().exists()) {
  18.             if (!file.exists() && !file.mkdir()) {
  19.                 throw new FileNotFoundException();
  20.             }
  21.         } else {
  22.             mkDir(file.getParentFile());
  23.             if (!file.exists() && !file.mkdir()) {
  24.                 throw new FileNotFoundException();
  25.             }
  26.         }
  27.     }
  28.  
  29.  
  30.     /**
  31.      * 创建文件
  32.      *
  33.      * @param filename 文件名称
  34.      * @return {@link File} file对象
  35.      */
  36.     public static File createFile(String filename) throws FileNotFoundException {
  37.         if (filename == null || "".equals(filename)) {
  38.             return null;
  39.         }
  40.  
  41.         int index = filename.lastIndexOf('/');
  42.         if (index <= 0) {
  43.             return new File(filename);
  44.         }
  45.  
  46.         String path = filename.substring(0, index);
  47.         mkDir(new File(path));
  48.         return new File(filename);
  49.     }
  50. }

图片工具类：ImageUtil.java

  1. import java.awt.*;
  2. import java.awt.geom.RoundRectangle2D;
  3. import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
  4. import java.io.File;
  5. import java.io.IOException;
  6. import java.net.URL;
  7.  
  8. /**
  9.  * Image工具类
  10.  */
  11. public class ImageUtil {
  12.  
  13.     /**
  14.      * 在图片中间,插入圆角的logo
  15.      *
  16.      * @param qrCode 原图
  17.      * @param logo   logo地址
  18.      */
  19.     public static void insertLogo(BufferedImage qrCode, String logo) throws IOException {
  20.         int QRCODE_WIDTH = qrCode.getWidth();
  21.         int QRCODE_HEIGHT = qrCode.getHeight();
  22.  
  23.         // 获取logo图片
  24.         BufferedImage bf = getImageByPath(logo);
  25.         int size = bf.getWidth() > QRCODE_WIDTH * 2 / 10 ? QRCODE_WIDTH * 2 / 50 : bf.getWidth() / 5;
  26.         bf = ImageUtil.makeRoundBorder(bf, 60, size, Color.WHITE); // 边距为二维码图片的1/10
  27.  
  28.         // logo的宽高
  29.         int w = Math.min(bf.getWidth(), QRCODE_WIDTH * 2 / 10);
  30.         int h = Math.min(bf.getHeight(), QRCODE_HEIGHT * 2 / 10);
  31.  
  32.         // 插入LOGO
  33.         Graphics2D graph = qrCode.createGraphics();
  34.  
  35.         int x = (QRCODE_WIDTH - w) / 2;
  36.         int y = (QRCODE_HEIGHT - h) / 2;
  37.  
  38.         graph.drawImage(bf, x, y, w, h, null);
  39.         graph.dispose();
  40.         bf.flush();
  41.     }
  42.  
  43.  
  44.     /**
  45.      * 根据路径图片图片
  46.      *
  47.      * @param path 本地路径 or 网络地址
  48.      * @return 图片
  49.      */
  50.     public static BufferedImage getImageByPath(String path) throws IOException {
  51.         if (path.startsWith("http")) { // 从网络获取logo
  52.             return ImageIO.read(new URL(path));
  53.         } else if (path.startsWith("/")) { // 绝对地址获取logo
  54.             return ImageIO.read(new File(path));
  55.         } else { // 从资源目录下获取logo
  56.             return ImageIO.read(new File(path));
  57.         }
  58.     }
  59.  
  60.  
  61.     /**
  62.      * 生成圆角图片 & 圆角边框
  63.      *
  64.      * @param image        原图
  65.      * @param cornerRadius 圆角的角度
  66.      * @param size         边框的边距
  67.      * @param color        边框的颜色
  68.      * @return 返回带边框的圆角图
  69.      */
  70.     public static BufferedImage makeRoundBorder(BufferedImage image, int cornerRadius, int size, Color color) {
  71.         // 将图片变成圆角
  72.         image = makeRoundedCorner(image, cornerRadius);
  73.  
  74.         int borderSize = size << 1;
  75.         int w = image.getWidth() + borderSize;
  76.         int h = image.getHeight() + borderSize;
  77.         BufferedImage output = new BufferedImage(w, h,
  78.                 BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
  79.  
  80.         Graphics2D g2 = output.createGraphics();
  81.         g2.setComposite(AlphaComposite.Src);
  82.         g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,
  83.                 RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
  84.         g2.setColor(color == null ? Color.WHITE : color);
  85.         g2.fill(new RoundRectangle2D.Float(0, 0, w, h, cornerRadius,
  86.                 cornerRadius));
  87.  
  88.         // ... then compositing the image on top,
  89.         // using the white shape from above as alpha source
  90.         g2.setComposite(AlphaComposite.SrcAtop);
  91.         g2.drawImage(image, size, size, null);
  92.         g2.dispose();
  93.  
  94.         return output;
  95.     }
  96.  
  97.  
  98.     /**
  99.      * 生成圆角图片
  100.      *
  101.      * @param image        原始图片
  102.      * @param cornerRadius 圆角的弧度
  103.      * @return 返回圆角图
  104.      */
  105.     public static BufferedImage makeRoundedCorner(BufferedImage image,
  106.                                                   int cornerRadius) {
  107.         int w = image.getWidth();
  108.         int h = image.getHeight();
  109.         BufferedImage output = new BufferedImage(w, h,
  110.                 BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
  111.  
  112.         Graphics2D g2 = output.createGraphics();
  113.  
  114.         // This is what we want, but it only does hard-clipping, i.e. aliasing
  115.         // g2.setClip(new RoundRectangle2D ...)
  116.  
  117.         // so instead fake soft-clipping by first drawing the desired clip shape
  118.         // in fully opaque white with antialiasing enabled...
  119.         g2.setComposite(AlphaComposite.Src);
  120.         g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,
  121.                 RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
  122.         g2.setColor(Color.WHITE);
  123.         g2.fill(new RoundRectangle2D.Float(0, 0, w, h, cornerRadius,
  124.                 cornerRadius));
  125.  
  126.         // ... then compositing the image on top,
  127.         // using the white shape from above as alpha source
  128.         g2.setComposite(AlphaComposite.SrcAtop);
  129.         g2.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null);
  130.  
  131.         g2.dispose();
  132.  
  133.         return output;
  134.     }
  135.  
  136. }
  137.  
  138.

Matrix转Image工具类:MatrixToImageUtil.java

  1. package com.mh.jishi.util.qrcode.util;
  2.  
  3. import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;
  4. import com.mh.jishi.util.qrcode.conf.QrCodeConfig;
  5.  
  6. import java.awt.*;
  7. import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
  8. import java.io.IOException;
  9.  
  10. /**
  11.  * Matrix转工具类
  12.  */
  13. public class MatrixToImageUtil {
  14.  
  15.     /**
  16.      * 根据二维码配置 & 二维码矩阵生成二维码图片
  17.      *
  18.      * @param qrCodeConfig {@link QrCodeConfig}配置
  19.      * @param bitMatrix {@link BitMatrix}
  20.      * @return {@link BufferedImage}
  21.      */
  22.     public static BufferedImage toBufferedImage(QrCodeConfig qrCodeConfig, BitMatrix bitMatrix) throws IOException {
  23.         int qrCodeWidth = bitMatrix.getWidth();
  24.         int qrCodeHeight = bitMatrix.getHeight();
  25.         BufferedImage qrCode = new BufferedImage(qrCodeWidth, qrCodeHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
  26.  
  27.         for (int x = 0; x < qrCodeWidth; x++) {
  28.             for (int y = 0; y < qrCodeHeight; y++) {
  29.                 qrCode.setRGB(x, y,
  30.                         bitMatrix.get(x, y) ?
  31.                                 qrCodeConfig.getMatrixToImageConfig().getPixelOnColor() :
  32.                                 qrCodeConfig.getMatrixToImageConfig().getPixelOffColor());
  33.             }
  34.         }
  35.  
  36.         // 插入logo
  37.         if (!(qrCodeConfig.getLogo() == null || "".equals(qrCodeConfig.getLogo()))) {
  38.             ImageUtil.insertLogo(qrCode, qrCodeConfig.getLogo());
  39.         }
  40.  
  41.         // 若二维码的实际宽高和预期的宽高不一致, 则缩放
  42.         int realQrCodeWidth = qrCodeConfig.getW();
  43.         int realQrCodeHeight = qrCodeConfig.getH();
  44.         if (qrCodeWidth != realQrCodeWidth || qrCodeHeight != realQrCodeHeight) {
  45.             BufferedImage tmp = new BufferedImage(realQrCodeWidth, realQrCodeHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
  46.             tmp.getGraphics().drawImage(
  47.                     qrCode.getScaledInstance(realQrCodeWidth, realQrCodeHeight,
  48.                             Image.SCALE_SMOOTH), 0, 0, null);
  49.             qrCode = tmp;
  50.         }
  51.  
  52.         return qrCode;
  53.     }
  54.  
  55. }
  56.

主类：

QrCodeGenWrapper.java 生成工具类

  1. import cn.hutool.core.img.ImgUtil;
  2. import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat;
  3. import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType;
  4. import com.google.zxing.WriterException;
  5. import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;
  6. import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel;
  7. import com.google.zxing.qrcode.encoder.ByteMatrix;
  8. import com.google.zxing.qrcode.encoder.Encoder;
  9. import com.google.zxing.qrcode.encoder.QRCode;
  10. import com.mh.jishi.util.qrcode.conf.QrCodeConfig;
  11. import com.mh.jishi.util.qrcode.util.FileUtil;
  12. import com.mh.jishi.util.qrcode.util.MatrixToImageUtil;
  13. import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
  14. import org.slf4j.Logger;
  15. import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
  16.  
  17. import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
  18. import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
  19. import java.io.File;
  20. import java.io.IOException;
  21. import java.util.Map;
  22.  
  23. /**
  24.  * 对 zxing 的 QRCodeWriter 进行扩展, 解决白边过多的问题，原参考 <a href="https://my.oschina.net/u/566591/blog/872770">...</a>
  25.  */
  26. public class QrCodeGenWrapper {
  27.     private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(QrCodeGenWrapper.class);
  28.  
  29.     private static final int QUIET_ZONE_SIZE = 4;
  30.  
  31.  
  32.     /**
  33.      * 构造 二维吗配置信息
  34.      * @return QrCodeConfig
  35.      */
  36.     public static QrCodeConfig.QrCodeConfigBuilder createQrCodeConfig() {
  37.         return new QrCodeConfig.QrCodeConfigBuilder();
  38.     }
  39.  
  40.     /**
  41.      * 生成base64格式二维吗
  42.      * @param content 二维吗内容
  43.      * @param width 宽度 默认 300
  44.      * @param height 高度 默认 300
  45.      * @param imageType 图片类型默认 ong
  46.      * @return 返回base64格式二维码信息
  47.      */
  48.     public static String generateAsBase64(String content, Integer width, Integer height, String imageType) throws IOException, WriterException {
  49.         QrCodeConfig qrConfig = QrCodeGenWrapper.createQrCodeConfig()
  50.                 .setMsg(content)
  51.                 .setH(width == null ? 300 : width)
  52.                 .setW(height == null ? 300 : height)
  53.                 .setPadding(1)
  54.                 .setErrorCorrection(ErrorCorrectionLevel.L)
  55.                 .build();
  56.         BufferedImage img = asBufferedImage(qrConfig);
  57.         return ImgUtil.toBase64DataUri(img, StringUtils.isBlank(imageType) ? "png" : imageType);
  58.     }
  59.  
  60.  
  61.  
  62.     public static BufferedImage asBufferedImage(QrCodeConfig qrCodeConfig) throws WriterException, IOException {
  63.         BitMatrix bitMatrix = encode(qrCodeConfig);
  64.         return MatrixToImageUtil.toBufferedImage(qrCodeConfig, bitMatrix);
  65.     }
  66.  
  67.  
  68.  
  69.     public static boolean asFile(QrCodeConfig qrCodeConfig, String absFileName) throws WriterException, IOException {
  70.         File file = FileUtil.createFile(absFileName);
  71.         if (file == null) {
  72.             throw new IllegalArgumentException("file not exists! absFile: " + absFileName);
  73.         }
  74.  
  75.         BufferedImage bufferedImage = asBufferedImage(qrCodeConfig);
  76.         if (!ImageIO.write(bufferedImage, qrCodeConfig.getPicType(), file)) {
  77.             throw new IOException("save qrcode image error!");
  78.         }
  79.         return true;
  80.     }
  81.  
  82.  
  83.     /**
  84.      * 对 zxing 的 QRCodeWriter 进行扩展, 解决白边过多的问题
  85.      * <p/>
  86.      * 源码参考 {@link com.google.zxing.qrcode.QRCodeWriter#encode(String, BarcodeFormat, int, int, Map)}
  87.      */
  88.     private static BitMatrix encode(QrCodeConfig qrCodeConfig) throws WriterException {
  89.         ErrorCorrectionLevel errorCorrectionLevel = ErrorCorrectionLevel.L;
  90.         int quietZone = 1;
  91.         if (qrCodeConfig.getHints() != null) {
  92.             if (qrCodeConfig.getHints().containsKey(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION)) {
  93.                 errorCorrectionLevel = ErrorCorrectionLevel.valueOf(qrCodeConfig.getHints().get(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION).toString());
  94.             }
  95.             if (qrCodeConfig.getHints().containsKey(EncodeHintType.MARGIN)) {
  96.                 quietZone = Integer.parseInt(qrCodeConfig.getHints().get(EncodeHintType.MARGIN).toString());
  97.             }
  98.  
  99.             if (quietZone > QUIET_ZONE_SIZE) {
  100.                 quietZone = QUIET_ZONE_SIZE;
  101.             } else if (quietZone < 0) {
  102.                 quietZone = 0;
  103.             }
  104.         }
  105.  
  106.         QRCode code = Encoder.encode(qrCodeConfig.getMsg(), errorCorrectionLevel, qrCodeConfig.getHints());
  107.         return renderResult(code, qrCodeConfig.getW(), qrCodeConfig.getH(), quietZone);
  108.     }
  109.  
  110.  
  111.     /**
  112.      * 对 zxing 的 QRCodeWriter 进行扩展, 解决白边过多的问题
  113.      * <p/>
  114.      * 源码参考
  115.      *
  116.      * @param code {@link QRCode}
  117.      * @param width 高
  118.      * @param height 宽
  119.      * @param quietZone 取值 [0, 4]
  120.      * @return {@link BitMatrix}
  121.      */
  122.     private static BitMatrix renderResult(QRCode code, int width, int height, int quietZone) {
  123.         ByteMatrix input = code.getMatrix();
  124.         if (input == null) {
  125.             throw new IllegalStateException();
  126.         }
  127.  
  128.         // xxx 二维码宽高相等, 即 qrWidth == qrHeight
  129.         int inputWidth = input.getWidth();
  130.         int inputHeight = input.getHeight();
  131.         int qrWidth = inputWidth + (quietZone * 2);
  132.         int qrHeight = inputHeight + (quietZone * 2);
  133.  
  134.  
  135.         // 白边过多时, 缩放
  136.         int minSize = Math.min(width, height);
  137.         int scale = calculateScale(qrWidth, minSize);
  138.         if (scale > 0) {
  139.             if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
  140.                 logger.debug("qrCode scale enable! scale: {}, qrSize:{}, expectSize:{}x{}", scale, qrWidth, width, height);
  141.             }
  142.  
  143.             int padding, tmpValue;
  144.             // 计算边框留白
  145.             padding = (minSize - qrWidth * scale) / QUIET_ZONE_SIZE * quietZone;
  146.             tmpValue = qrWidth * scale + padding;
  147.             if (width == height) {
  148.                 width = tmpValue;
  149.                 height = tmpValue;
  150.             } else if (width > height) {
  151.                 width = width * tmpValue / height;
  152.                 height = tmpValue;
  153.             } else {
  154.                 height = height * tmpValue / width;
  155.                 width = tmpValue;
  156.             }
  157.         }
  158.  
  159.         int outputWidth = Math.max(width, qrWidth);
  160.         int outputHeight = Math.max(height, qrHeight);
  161.  
  162.         int multiple = Math.min(outputWidth / qrWidth, outputHeight / qrHeight);
  163.         int leftPadding = (outputWidth - (inputWidth * multiple)) / 2;
  164.         int topPadding = (outputHeight - (inputHeight * multiple)) / 2;
  165.  
  166.         BitMatrix output = new BitMatrix(outputWidth, outputHeight);
  167.  
  168.         for (int inputY = 0, outputY = topPadding; inputY < inputHeight; inputY++, outputY += multiple) {
  169.             // Write the contents of this row of the barcode
  170.             for (int inputX = 0, outputX = leftPadding; inputX < inputWidth; inputX++, outputX += multiple) {
  171.                 if (input.get(inputX, inputY) == 1) {
  172.                     output.setRegion(outputX, outputY, multiple, multiple);
  173.                 }
  174.             }
  175.         }
  176.  
  177.         return output;
  178.     }
  179.  
  180.  
  181.     /**
  182.      * 如果留白超过15% , 则需要缩放
  183.      * (15% 可以根据实际需要进行修改)
  184.      *
  185.      * @param qrCodeSize 二维码大小
  186.      * @param expectSize 期望输出大小
  187.      * @return 返回缩放比例, <= 0 则表示不缩放, 否则指定缩放参数
  188.      */
  189.     private static int calculateScale(int qrCodeSize, int expectSize) {
  190.         if (qrCodeSize >= expectSize) {
  191.             return 0;
  192.         }
  193.  
  194.         int scale = expectSize / qrCodeSize;
  195.         int abs = expectSize - scale * qrCodeSize;
  196.         if (abs < expectSize * 0.15) {
  197.             return 0;
  198.         }
  199.  
  200.         return scale;
  201.     }
  202. }
  203.  
  204.

测试：

  1. @Test
  2. public void qrCodeStrTest() throws IOException, WriterException {
  3. 	StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
  4. 	for(int i = 0; i < 150; i ++){
  5. 		sb.append("12345678910").append("\r\n");
  6. 	}
  7. 	System.out.printf("二维码输出: %s%n \r 二维码内容字符数量: %s%n", QrCodeGenWrapper.generateAsBase64(sb.toString(), null, null, null), sb.length());
  8. System.out.printf("二维码输出: %s%n \r 二维码内容字符数量: %s%n", QrCodeGenWrapper.generateAsBase64("www.baidu.com", null, null, null), sb.length());
  9. }

附加条形码工具

BarCodeUtils .java 条形码工具类

  1. import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat;
  2. import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType;
  3. import com.google.zxing.Writer;
  4. import com.google.zxing.WriterException;
  5. import com.google.zxing.client.j2se.MatrixToImageWriter;
  6. import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;
  7. import com.google.zxing.oned.Code128Writer;
  8. import com.google.zxing.pdf417.PDF417Writer;
  9. import com.mh.jishi.constants.RedisKeyPrefix;
  10. import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
  11.  
  12. import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
  13. import java.awt.*;
  14. import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
  15. import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
  16. import java.io.IOException;
  17. import java.util.Base64;
  18. import java.util.HashMap;
  19. import java.util.Map;
  20.  
  21. /**
  22.  * <h2>条形码工具类</h2>
  23.  * <p>
  24.  * <a href="https://blog.51cto.com/u_15127597/4390771"> 原参考 </a>
  25.  * </p>
  26.  *
  27.  * @author Evan <1922802352@qq.com>
  28.  * @since 2022年06月09日 16:09
  29.  */
  30. public class BarCodeUtils {
  31.     /**
  32.      * 默认图片宽度
  33.      */
  34.     private static final int DEFAULT_PICTURE_WIDTH = 270;
  35.  
  36.     /**
  37.      * 默认图片高度
  38.      */
  39.     private static final int DEFAULT_PICTURE_HEIGHT = 130;
  40.  
  41.     /**
  42.      * 默认条形码宽度
  43.      */
  44.     private static final int DEFAULT_BAR_CODE_WIDTH = 310;
  45.  
  46.     /**
  47.      * 默认条形码高度
  48.      */
  49.     private static final int DEFAULT_BAR_CODE_HEIGHT = 80;
  50.  
  51.     /**
  52.      * 默认字体大小
  53.      */
  54.     private static final int DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE = 15;
  55.  
  56.     /**
  57.      * 设置 条形码参数
  58.      */
  59.     private static final Map<EncodeHintType, Object> hints = new HashMap<>();
  60.  
  61.  
  62.     static {
  63.         hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "utf-8");
  64.     }
  65.  
  66.     /**
  67.      * 获取条形码图片
  68.      *
  69.      * @param codeValue 条形码内容
  70.      * @return 条形码图片
  71.      */
  72.     public static BufferedImage getBarCodeImage(String codeValue) {
  73.         return getBarCodeImage(codeValue, DEFAULT_BAR_CODE_WIDTH, DEFAULT_BAR_CODE_HEIGHT);
  74.     }
  75.  
  76.     /**
  77.      * 获取条形码图片
  78.      *
  79.      * @param codeValue 条形码内容
  80.      * @param width     宽度
  81.      * @param height    高度
  82.      * @return 条形码图片
  83.      */
  84.     public static BufferedImage getBarCodeImage(String codeValue, int width, int height) {
  85.         // CODE_128是最常用的条形码格式
  86.         return getBarCodeImage(codeValue, width, height, BarcodeFormat.CODE_128);
  87.     }
  88.  
  89.     /**
  90.      * 获取条形码图片
  91.      *
  92.      * @param codeValue     条形码内容
  93.      * @param width         宽度
  94.      * @param height        高度
  95.      * @param barcodeFormat 条形码编码格式
  96.      * @return 条形码图片
  97.      */
  98.     public static BufferedImage getBarCodeImage(String codeValue, int width, int height, BarcodeFormat barcodeFormat) {
  99.         Writer writer;
  100.         switch (barcodeFormat) {
  101.             case PDF_417:
  102.                 // 支持中文的条形码格式
  103.                 writer = new PDF417Writer();
  104.                 break;
  105.             case CODE_128:
  106.  
  107.                 // 最常见的条形码，但是不支持中文
  108.                 // 如果使用到其他格式，可以在这里添加
  109.             default:
  110.                 writer = new Code128Writer();
  111.         }
  112.  
  113.         // 编码内容, 编码类型, 宽度, 高度, 设置参数
  114.         BitMatrix bitMatrix;
  115.         try {
  116.             bitMatrix = writer.encode(codeValue, barcodeFormat, width, height, hints);
  117.         } catch (WriterException e) {
  118.             throw new RuntimeException("条形码内容写入失败");
  119.         }
  120.         return MatrixToImageWriter.toBufferedImage(bitMatrix);
  121.     }
  122.  
  123.     /**
  124.      * 获取条形码
  125.      *
  126.      * @param codeValue 条形码内容
  127.      * @param bottomStr 底部文字
  128.      * @return
  129.      */
  130.     public static BufferedImage getBarCodeWithWords(String codeValue, String bottomStr) {
  131.         return getBarCodeWithWords(codeValue, bottomStr, "", "");
  132.     }
  133.  
  134.     /**
  135.      * 获取条形码
  136.      *
  137.      * @param codeValue   条形码内容
  138.      * @param bottomStr   底部文字
  139.      * @param topLeftStr  左上角文字
  140.      * @param topRightStr 右上角文字
  141.      * @return
  142.      */
  143.     public static BufferedImage getBarCodeWithWords(String codeValue, String bottomStr, String topLeftStr,
  144.                                                     String topRightStr) {
  145.         return getCodeWithWords(getBarCodeImage(codeValue), bottomStr, null, topLeftStr, topRightStr,
  146.             DEFAULT_PICTURE_WIDTH, DEFAULT_PICTURE_HEIGHT, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE);
  147.     }
  148.  
  149.     /**
  150.      * 获取条形码,返回字符串base64图片
  151.      *
  152.      * @param codeValue   条形码内容
  153.      * @param topStr      顶部文字
  154.      * @param bottomStr   底部文字
  155.      * @param topLeftStr  左上角文字
  156.      * @param topRightStr 右上角文字
  157.      * @return base64格式条形码图片
  158.      */
  159.     public static String getBarCodeWithWordsAsBase64(String codeValue, String topStr, String bottomStr,
  160.                                                      String topLeftStr, String topRightStr) throws IOException {
  161.         String result;
  162.         BufferedImage image = getCodeWithWords(getBarCodeImage(codeValue), bottomStr, topStr, topLeftStr, topRightStr,
  163.             DEFAULT_PICTURE_WIDTH, DEFAULT_PICTURE_HEIGHT, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE);
  164.         ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
  165.         ImageIO.write(image, "jpeg", outputStream);
  166.         String base64 = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(outputStream.toByteArray());
  167.         result = "data:image/jpeg;base64," + base64.replaceAll("\r\n", "");
  168.         return result;
  169.     }
  170.  
  171.     /**
  172.      * 获取条形码,返回字符串base64图片, 可以缓存
  173.      *
  174.      * @param codeValue   条形码内容
  175.      * @param bottomStr   底部文字
  176.      * @param topLeftStr  左上角文字
  177.      * @param topRightStr 右上角文字
  178.      * @param cache       是否使用缓存
  179.      */
  180.     public static String getBarCodeWithWordsAsBase64ByCache(String codeValue, String topStr, String bottomStr,
  181.                                                             String topLeftStr, String topRightStr, boolean cache)
  182.         throws IOException {
  183.  
  184.         String result = getBarCodeWithWordsAsBase64(codeValue, topStr, bottomStr, topLeftStr, topRightStr)
  185.         return result;
  186.     }
  187.  
  188.     /**
  189.      * 获取条形码
  190.      *
  191.      * @param codeImage       条形码图片
  192.      * @param bottomStr       底部文字
  193.      * @param topStr          顶部文字
  194.      * @param topLeftStr      左上角文字
  195.      * @param topRightStr     右上角文字
  196.      * @param pictureWidth    图片宽度
  197.      * @param pictureHeight   图片高度
  198.      * @param codeOffsetX     条形码宽度
  199.      * @param codeOffsetY     条形码高度
  200.      * @param topLeftOffsetX  左上角文字X轴偏移量
  201.      * @param topLeftOffsetY  左上角文字Y轴偏移量
  202.      * @param topRightOffsetX 右上角文字X轴偏移量
  203.      * @param topRightOffsetY 右上角文字Y轴偏移量
  204.      * @param fontSize        字体大小
  205.      * @return 条形码图片
  206.      */
  207.     public static BufferedImage getCodeWithWords(BufferedImage codeImage, String bottomStr, String topStr,
  208.                                                  String topLeftStr, String topRightStr, int pictureWidth,
  209.                                                  int pictureHeight, int codeOffsetX,
  210.                                                  int codeOffsetY, int topLeftOffsetX, int topLeftOffsetY,
  211.                                                  int topRightOffsetX, int topRightOffsetY,
  212.                                                  int fontSize) {
  213.         BufferedImage picImage = new BufferedImage(pictureWidth, pictureHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
  214.  
  215.         Graphics2D g2d = picImage.createGraphics();
  216.         // 抗锯齿
  217.         setGraphics2D(g2d);
  218.         // 设置白色
  219.         setColorWhite(g2d, picImage.getWidth(), picImage.getHeight());
  220.  
  221.         // 条形码默认居中显示
  222.         int codeStartX = (pictureWidth - codeImage.getWidth()) / 2 + codeOffsetX;
  223.         int codeStartY = (pictureHeight - codeImage.getHeight()) / 2 + codeOffsetY;
  224.         // 画条形码到新的面板
  225.         g2d.drawImage(codeImage, codeStartX, codeStartY, codeImage.getWidth(), codeImage.getHeight(), null);
  226.  
  227.         // 画文字到新的面板
  228.         g2d.setColor(Color.BLACK);
  229.         // 字体、字型、字号
  230.         g2d.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.PLAIN, fontSize));
  231.         // 文字与条形码之间的间隔
  232.         int wordAndCodeSpacing = 3;
  233.  
  234.         if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(bottomStr)) {
  235.             // 文字长度
  236.             int strWidth = g2d.getFontMetrics().stringWidth(bottomStr);
  237.             // 文字X轴开始坐标，这里是居中
  238.             int strStartX = codeStartX + (codeImage.getWidth() - strWidth) / 2;
  239.             // 文字Y轴开始坐标
  240.             int strStartY = codeStartY + codeImage.getHeight() + fontSize + wordAndCodeSpacing;
  241.             // 画文字
  242.             g2d.drawString(bottomStr, strStartX, strStartY);
  243.         }
  244.  
  245.         if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(topStr)) {
  246.             // 文字长度
  247.             int strWidth = g2d.getFontMetrics().stringWidth(topStr);
  248.             // 文字X轴开始坐标，这里是居中
  249.             int strStartX = codeStartX + (codeImage.getWidth() - strWidth) / 2;
  250.             // 文字Y轴开始坐标
  251.             int strStartY = codeStartY + topLeftOffsetY - wordAndCodeSpacing;
  252.             // 画文字
  253.             g2d.drawString(topStr, strStartX, strStartY);
  254.         }
  255.  
  256.         if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(topLeftStr)) {
  257.             // 文字长度
  258.             int strWidth = g2d.getFontMetrics().stringWidth(topLeftStr);
  259.             // 文字X轴开始坐标
  260.             int strStartX = codeStartX + topLeftOffsetX;
  261.             // 文字Y轴开始坐标
  262.             int strStartY = codeStartY + topLeftOffsetY - wordAndCodeSpacing;
  263.             // 画文字
  264.             g2d.drawString(topLeftStr, strStartX, strStartY);
  265.         }
  266.  
  267.         if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(topRightStr)) {
  268.             // 文字长度
  269.             int strWidth = g2d.getFontMetrics().stringWidth(topRightStr);
  270.             // 文字X轴开始坐标，这里是居中
  271.             int strStartX = codeStartX + codeImage.getWidth() - strWidth + topRightOffsetX;
  272.             // 文字Y轴开始坐标
  273.             int strStartY = codeStartY + topRightOffsetY - wordAndCodeSpacing;
  274.             // 画文字
  275.             g2d.drawString(topRightStr, strStartX, strStartY);
  276.         }
  277.  
  278.         g2d.dispose();
  279.         picImage.flush();
  280.  
  281.         return picImage;
  282.     }
  283.  
  284.     /**
  285.      * 设置 Graphics2D 属性 （抗锯齿）
  286.      *
  287.      * @param g2d Graphics2D提供对几何形状、坐标转换、颜色管理和文本布局更为复杂的控制
  288.      */
  289.     private static void setGraphics2D(Graphics2D g2d) {
  290.         g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
  291.         g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_STROKE_CONTROL, RenderingHints.VALUE_STROKE_DEFAULT);
  292.         Stroke s = new BasicStroke(1, BasicStroke.CAP_ROUND, BasicStroke.JOIN_MITER);
  293.         g2d.setStroke(s);
  294.     }
  295.  
  296.     /**
  297.      * 设置背景为白色
  298.      *
  299.      * @param g2d Graphics2D提供对几何形状、坐标转换、颜色管理和文本布局更为复杂的控制
  300.      */
  301.     private static void setColorWhite(Graphics2D g2d, int width, int height) {
  302.         g2d.setColor(Color.WHITE);
  303.         // 填充整个屏幕
  304.         g2d.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
  305.         // 设置笔刷
  306.         g2d.setColor(Color.BLACK);
  307.     }
  308. }
  309.

测试:

  1. @Test
  2. public void test1() throws IOException {
  3. 	String base64Image = BarCodeUtils.getBarCodeWithWordsAsBase64("1231213", "我是卧的那个龙", "CF 墨心", null, null);
  4. 	System.out.println(base64Image);
  5. }

二、解决白边办法

1、使用上面的缩放办法：参考资料：zxing 二维码大白边一步一步修复指南 - 小灰灰Blog的个人空间 - OSCHINA - 中文开源技术交流社区

2、想办法将二维码的背景色设置成透明色（什么，你对背景色有要求，请采用第一个办法）

  1. package io.renren.utils;
  2.  
  3. import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
  4. import javax.swing.*;
  5. import java.awt.*;
  6. import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
  7. import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
  8. import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
  9. import java.io.IOException;
  10.  
  11. public class ImagebackColorUtil {
  12.     /**
  13.      * 将背景替换为透明
  14.      *
  15.      * @param imgBytes the img bytes
  16.      * @return
  17.      * @throws IOException the io exception
  18.      * @author Jack Que
  19.      * @created 2021 -07-08 10:25:10 Change img color.
  20.      */
  21.     public static byte[] changeImgColor(byte[] imgBytes) throws IOException {
  22.  
  23.         BufferedImage bi =  ImageIO.read(new ByteArrayInputStream(imgBytes));
  24.         Image image = (Image) bi;
  25.         //将原图片的二进制转化为ImageIcon
  26.         ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(image);
  27.         int width = imageIcon.getIconWidth();
  28.         int height = imageIcon.getIconHeight();
  29. //
  30.         //图片缓冲流
  31.         BufferedImage bufferedImage = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_4BYTE_ABGR);
  32.         Graphics2D graphics2D = (Graphics2D) bufferedImage.getGraphics();
  33.         graphics2D.drawImage(imageIcon.getImage(), 0, 0, imageIcon.getImageObserver());
  34.  
  35.         int alpha = 255;
  36.  
  37.         //这个背景底色的选择，我这里选择的是比较偏的位置，可以修改位置。背景色选择不知道有没有别的更优的方式（比如先过滤一遍获取颜色次数最多的，但是因为感觉做起来会比较复杂没去实现），如果有可以评论。
  38.         int RGB=bufferedImage.getRGB(width-1, height-1);
  39.  
  40.         for(int i = bufferedImage.getMinX(); i < width; i++) {
  41.             for(int j = bufferedImage.getMinY(); j < height; j++) {
  42.  
  43.                 int rgb = bufferedImage.getRGB(i, j);
  44.  
  45.                 int r = (rgb & 0xff0000) >>16;
  46.                 int g = (rgb & 0xff00) >> 8;
  47.                 int b = (rgb & 0xff);
  48.                 int R = (RGB & 0xff0000) >>16;
  49.                 int G = (RGB & 0xff00) >> 8;
  50.                 int B = (RGB & 0xff);
  51.                 //a为色差范围值，渐变色边缘处理，数值需要具体测试，50左右的效果比较可以
  52.                 int a = 45;
  53.                 if(Math.abs(R-r) < a && Math.abs(G-g) < a && Math.abs(B-b) < a ) {
  54.                     alpha = 0;
  55.                 } else {
  56.                     alpha = 255;
  57.                 }
  58.                 rgb = (alpha << 24)|(rgb & 0x00ffffff);
  59.                 bufferedImage.setRGB(i,j,rgb);
  60.             }
  61.         }
  62.  
  63. //        graphics2D.drawImage(bufferedImage, 0, 0, imageIcon.getImageObserver());
  64.  
  65.         //新建字节输出流，用来存放替换完背景的图片
  66.         ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
  67.         ImageIO.write(bufferedImage, "png", byteArrayOutputStream);
  68.         return byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray();
  69. //        String[] split = fileName.split("\\.");
  70. //        fileName = split[0]+"(已转换)."+split[1];
  71. //        ImageIO.write(bufferedImage, "png", new File("D:\\"+fileName));
  72.     }
  73.  
  74.     public static String convertRgbStr(int color) {
  75.         int red = (color & 0xff0000) >> 16;// 获取color(RGB)中R位
  76.         int green = (color & 0x00ff00) >> 8;// 获取color(RGB)中G位
  77.         int blue = (color & 0x0000ff);// 获取color(RGB)中B位
  78.         return red + "," + green + "," + blue;
  79.     }
  80. }

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