【Docker】01 Docker安装与配置

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一、Docker

Docker，基于容器技术的轻量级虚拟化解决方案。
Docker是容器引擎，把Linux的cgroup、namespace等容器底层技术进行封装抽象，为用户提供了创建和管理容器的便捷界面（包括命令行和API）。

概念：镜像Image，容器Container，仓库Repository：

• Docker镜像，是一个静态模板，不能直接修改，可以通过封装生成
• Docker容器，基于Docker镜像运行启动的应用或系统
• Docker仓库，存放Docker镜像的地方，常见分为公开仓库（public）和私有仓库（private）两种形式

二、离线安装Docker

Docker官网离线安装文档：Install daemon and client binaries on Linux

安装步骤：
1）官网下载Docker安装包：Index of linux/static/stable/x86_64/ 选取相应版本，这边选了docker-20.10.9.tgz
2）解压到/usr/bin/

[root@localhost ~]# tar -xzvf docker-20.10.9.tgz 
docker/
docker/containerd-shim-runc-v2
docker/dockerd
docker/docker-proxy
docker/ctr
docker/docker
docker/runc
docker/containerd-shim
docker/docker-init
docker/containerd
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  docker  docker-20.10.9.tgz
[root@localhost ~]# ls docker
containerd       containerd-shim-runc-v2  docker   docker-init   runc
containerd-shim  ctr                      dockerd  docker-proxy
[root@localhost ~]# mv docker/* /usr/bin/
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3）启动服务

[root@localhost ~]# dockerd &
[1] 1673
[root@localhost ~]# INFO[2024-01-05T17:11:32.398698200+08:00] Starting up                                  
WARN[2024-01-05T17:11:32.403021500+08:00] could not change group /var/run/docker.sock to docker: group docker not found 
INFO[2024-01-05T17:11:32.406919900+08:00] libcontainerd: started new containerd process  pid=1678
INFO[2024-01-05T17:11:32.406979400+08:00] parsed scheme: "unix"                         module=grpc
INFO[2024-01-05T17:11:32.406991700+08:00] scheme "unix" not registered, fallback to default scheme  module=grpc
...
...

[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef | grep docker | grep -v grep
root      1673  1625  0 17:11 pts/0    00:00:00 dockerd
root      1678  1673  0 17:11 ?        00:00:00 containerd --config /var/run/docker/containerd/containerd.toml --log-level info
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4）验证

[root@localhost ~]# docker info
Client:
 Context:    default
 Debug Mode: false

Server:
 Containers: 0
  Running: 0
  Paused: 0
  Stopped: 0
 Images: 0
 Server Version: 20.10.9
 Storage Driver: overlay2
  Backing Filesystem: xfs
  Supports d_type: true
  Native Overlay Diff: true
  userxattr: false
 Logging Driver: json-file
 Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
 Cgroup Version: 1
 Plugins:
  Volume: local
  Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
  Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
 Swarm: inactive
 Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux runc
 Default Runtime: runc
 Init Binary: docker-init
 containerd version: 5b46e404f6b9f661a205e28d59c982d3634148f8
 runc version: v1.0.2-0-g52b36a2d
 init version: de40ad0
 Security Options:
  seccomp
   Profile: default
 Kernel Version: 3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64
 Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
 OSType: linux
 Architecture: x86_64
 CPUs: 1
 Total Memory: 509.6MiB
 Name: localhost.localdomain
 ID: VM36:UOEO:67ST:Y2EU:RVE6:TC37:SZ6W:UNND:PF22:CWT2:FWYG:XZMA
 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
 Debug Mode: false
 Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
 Labels:
 Experimental: false
 Insecure Registries:
  127.0.0.0/8
 Live Restore Enabled: false
 Product License: Community Engine
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5）注册服务
kill掉前面手动启动的docker服务，
在/usr/lib/systemd/system/目录下创建docker.service文件并添加内容：

[root@localhost ~]# vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
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重新加载

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
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服务的相关操作：

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop docker
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status docker
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable docker
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
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此时就可通过systemctl来启停Docker服务了。

三、联网安装Docker

3.1 下载YUM软件库文件

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
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3.2 安装epel-release

yum install epel-release -y
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3.3 安装yum-utils

在配置国内镜像仓库时，会遇到如下报错，此时就需要安装yum-utils。

[root@server ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
-bash: yum-config-manager: command not found
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yum install yum-utils -y
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3.4 设置镜像仓库

设置镜像仓库，这边使用国内的阿里云镜像仓库：

[root@server ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
adding repo from: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
grabbing file http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
repo saved to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
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3.5 查看docker-ce所有版本

[root@server ~]# yum list docker-ce --show-duplicates
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: mirrors.nju.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
docker-ce-stable                                                           | 3.5 kB  00:00:00     
(1/2): docker-ce-stable/7/x86_64/updateinfo                                |   55 B  00:00:00     
(2/2): docker-ce-stable/7/x86_64/primary_db                                |  62 kB  00:00:00     
Available Packages
docker-ce.x86_64                     17.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos                      docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64                     17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos                      docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64                     17.03.2.ce-1.el7.centos                      docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64                     17.03.3.ce-1.el7                             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64                     17.06.0.ce-1.el7.centos                      docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64                     17.06.1.ce-1.el7.centos                      docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64                     17.06.2.ce-1.el7.centos                      docker-ce-stable
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3.6 安装Docker

[root@server ~]# yum install docker-ce
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3.7 启动Docker

[root@server ~]# systemctl enable docker
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
[root@server ~]# systemctl start docker
[root@server ~]#
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3.8 查看Docker信息

[root@server ~]# docker info
Client:
Context:    default
Debug Mode: false
Plugins:
  app: Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
  buildx: Build with BuildKit (Docker Inc., v0.5.1-docker)
  scan: Docker Scan (Docker Inc., v0.8.0)

Server:
Containers: 0
  Running: 0
  Paused: 0
  Stopped: 0
Images: 0
Server Version: 20.10.7
Storage Driver: overlay2
  Backing Filesystem: xfs
  Supports d_type: true
  Native Overlay Diff: true
  userxattr: false
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Cgroup Version: 1
...
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# 安装完成后docker自动创建了docker组，为安全起见，将当前登录用户追加入到该组中
[root@server~ ]# id root
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
[root@server~ ]# usermod -aG docker $USER
[root@server~ ]# id root
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root),993(docker)
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3.9 启动第一个容器

[root@server ~]# docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
c1ec31eb5944: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:ac69084025c660510933cca701f615283cdbb3aa0963188770b54c31c8962493
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
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四、一些配置

4.1 登录DockerHub

访问https://hub.docker.com/，先注册个账号，
之后在本地端登录：

[root@server ~]# docker login docker.io
Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one.
Username: asdfv1929
Password:
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store

Login Succeeded
[root@server ~]#
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登录完成后，此时便可拉取Docker Hub上自己仓库里的镜像。

4.2 镜像加速器

[root@server ~]# vi /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
        "registry-mirrors": [
	        "http://hub-mirror.c.163.com",
	        "https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"
	    ]
}

[root@server ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@server ~]# systemctl restart docker
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ustc的链接已失效

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