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While I'm focused on international SEO in the last 8 years, with this article, I'll help you with basics to manage localized versions of your international site for better SEO.
在过去的8年中,尽管我专注于国际SEO,但我将通过基础知识来帮助您管理国际站点的本地化版本,以获得更好的SEO。
To let Google recognize the local versions of your content and point users to the most appropriate version of your content, use the <link rel=«alternate» hreflang="language code-country code"… >.
要让Google识别您内容的本地版本并将用户指向您内容的最合适版本,请使用<link rel =«alternate»hreflang =“ 语言代码国家/地区代码 ”…>“。
This way, you tell Google that there are specific URLs available for users who speak a particular language and come from a specific location. Google will use this information to show alternate URLs to those users in search results.
这样,您便告诉Google,特定语言的用户来自特定位置,并且可以使用特定的URL。 Google将使用此信息在搜索结果中向这些用户显示备用URL。
Google recommends to use the hreflang:
Google建议使用hreflang:
When adding the hreflang tag, use the bidirectional connection for every language (as in, alternate pages should point to each other). That's the only way (if you don't have a sitemap or the ability to specify HTTP response headers for your site) Google can understand the site's structure correctly. If the hreflang tag is unidirectional, it will be ignored.
添加hreflang标记时,请为每种语言使用双向连接(例如,交替的页面应指向彼此)。 这是唯一的方法(如果您没有站点地图或无法为您的网站指定HTTP响应标头),Google可以正确理解该网站的结构。 如果hreflang标签是单向的,它将被忽略。
The syntax of HTML hreflang link elements is:
HTML hreflang链接元素的语法为:
<link rel = "alternate" hreflang = "xx-XX" href = "URL" />
Let's look at it in more detail:
让我们更详细地看一下:
The site offers content targeted at:
该网站提供针对以下内容的内容:
This is how they should be linked (same code must appear on all 3 pages within the section ):
这就是它们的链接方式(相同的代码必须出现在部分中的所有3页上):
- <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="http://en.example.com/page.html" />
- <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-au" href="http://en-au.example.com/page.html" />
- <link rel="alternate" hreflang="de" href="http://de.example.com/page.html" />
All content points to similar content in other languages (bidirectional links).
所有内容都指向其他语言(双向链接)中的相似内容。
Note, hreflang accepts the ISO 639-1 format for languages and the ISO 3166-1 Alpha 2 format for countries.
请注意,hreflang接受语言的ISO 639-1格式和国家/地区的ISO 3166-1 Alpha 2格式。
This is an appropriate solution for large multilingual sites that share similar content between multiple domains. As your site grows, adding the hreflang tag to the section of every page can become very tedious.
对于在多个域之间共享相似内容的大型多语言站点,这是一个合适的解决方案。 随着网站的发展,将hreflang标记添加到每个页面的部分可能会变得非常繁琐。
You can add xhtml:link link element to the XML sitemap:
您可以将xhtml:link链接元素添加到XML网站地图中:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
- <url>
- <loc>http://www.example.com/english/</loc>
- <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de" href="http://www.example.com/deutschland/" />
- <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-au" href="http://www.example.com/english-australia/" />
- <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="http://www.example.com/english/" />
- </url>
- <url>
- <loc>http://www.example.com/deutschland/</loc>
- <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-au" href="http://www.example.com/english-australia/" />
- <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="http://www.example.com/english/" />
- <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de" href="http://www.example.com/deutschland/" />
- </url>
- <loc>http://www.example.com/english-australia/</loc>
- <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="http://www.example.com/english/" />
- <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de" href="http://www.example.com/deutschland/" />
- <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-au" href="http://www.example.com/english-australia/" />
- </url>
- </urlset>
You can add the hreflang attribute to HTTP Headers of non-HTML files. Say, if you have PDFs in different languages and with different URLs, you can get your site to return HTTP headers with the hreflang annotation:
您可以将hreflang属性添加到非HTML文件的HTTP标头中。 假设,如果您拥有使用不同语言和不同URL的PDF,则可以使您的站点返回带有hreflang批注的HTTP标头:
- Link: <https://www.example.com/downloads/english.pdf/>; rel="alternate"; hreflang="en">
- Link: <https://www.example.de/downloads/german.pdf/>; rel="alternate"; hreflang="de">
- Link: <https://www.example.it/downloads/italian.pdf/>; rel="alternate"; hreflang="it">
Let's say, you're using the x-default value of the hreflang attribute instead of language- and region-identifying ISO formats. That way, you show Google, that you want to display this page when no other language/region matches the user's settings.
假设您使用的是hreflang属性的x-default值,而不是语言和区域标识的ISO格式。 这样,您可以向Google显示要在没有其他语言/地区与用户设置匹配的情况下显示此页面。
In other words, the hreflang=«x-default» attribute creates a fallback page for unmatched languages/regions.
换句话说,hreflang =«x-default»属性为不匹配的语言/地区创建一个后备页面。
site.com/en-uk — the page for English-speaking users from the United Kingdom;
site.com / en-uk-来自英国的说英语的用户的页面;
site.com/it-uk — the page for Italian-speaking users from the United Kingdom;
site.com / it-uk-来自英国的说意大利语的用户的页面;
site.com/ — the default page for users worldwide.
site.com /-全球用户的默认页面。
So here is the syntax of the hreflang tag:
因此,这是hreflang标记的语法:
- <link rel="alternate" href="https://site.com/en-uk" hreflang="en-uk" />
- <link rel="alternate" href="https://site.com/it-uk" hreflang="it-uk" />
- <link rel="alternate" href="https://site.com/" hreflang="x-default" />
Consider adding a fallback page for unmatched languages, especially on language/country selectors or auto-redirecting homepages.
考虑为不匹配的语言添加后备页面,尤其是在语言/国家/地区选择器或自动重定向首页上。
While an essential part of the targeting strategy, the hreflang tag is not a magic bullet.
尽管hreflang标签是定位策略的重要组成部分,但并不是万能的。
Google judges the language and location of a webpage by:
Google通过以下方式判断网页的语言和位置:
Country code top-level domains are strong signal Google uses to determine the location of a web page. With ccTLDs (.it, .cz, .ca, etc.) you're telling search engines that your site targets one particular country. This strategy also helps to remain a simple and elegant URL structure.
国家/地区代码顶级域是Google用于确定网页位置的强烈信号。 使用ccTLD(.it,.cz,.ca等),您可以告诉搜索引擎您的网站定位到一个特定的国家/地区。 此策略还有助于保持简单优雅的URL结构。
Google uses its own algorithms and determines the language of the visible content on the page. Therefore, avoid using multiple languages on one page, or Google may associate your page with the wrong language/region. Still, it doesn't mean you can't use some words from other languages and expressions, such as brand names or product descriptions.
Google使用自己的算法,并确定页面上可见内容的语言。 因此,请避免在一页上使用多种语言,否则Google可能会将您的页面与错误的语言/地区相关联。 不过,这并不意味着您不能使用其他语言和表达方式中的某些字词,例如品牌名称或产品说明。
Search engines do NOT use lang attributes to determine the language on your page.
搜索引擎不使用lang属性来确定页面上的语言。
Local currency, address, and phone number are all considered to be strong indicators of your location by Google. Add a physical address for every local version of a website — for Google, this is a strong signal.
Google认为本地货币,地址和电话号码都是您所在位置的有力指标。 为网站的每个本地版本添加一个物理地址-对于Google,这是一个强烈的信号。
If possible, create a Google My Business listing for every physical location of your company and link them to country-specific versions of your site so they will rank higher in the local search.
如果可能,请为公司的每个实际位置创建一个“ Google我的商家”列表,并将它们链接到网站的特定国家/地区版本,以便它们在本地搜索中的排名更高。
No matter how good Google Support or other sources describe managing multilingual sites, there is always a room for less obvious questions. I want to address two of them:
无论Google支持或其他来源对管理多语言网站的描述多么出色,总会有一些不那么明显的问题。 我想谈谈其中两个:
— No, both upper- and lowercase ISO codes are valid to Google, although it's best to follow the standards and use lowercase letters for the language codes and uppercase letters for the optional country codes.
—不可以,大写和小写的ISO代码都对Google有效,尽管最好遵循标准,语言代码使用小写字母,可选的国家/地区代码使用大写字母。
— As said by the Google employee himself: "Would be wonderful, but it's not necessary". More on the subject in this short video.
-正如Google员工本人所说:“ 太好了,但是没有必要 ”。 在这部简短的视频中,有关该主题的更多信息。
I will try to answer other unexpected questions in the comments down below.
我将尝试在下面的注释中回答其他意外问题。
If you don't want Google to consider your localized pages to be duplicates, mark them properly. How to do that:
如果您不希望Google将您的本地化页面视为重复页面,请正确标记它们。 怎么做:
Add
加
<link rel = "alternate" hreflang = "xx-XX" href = "URL" />
tag into HEAD section. Each separate variant of the page requires this tag.
标记到HEAD部分。 页面的每个单独变体都需要此标记。
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