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树是由n个结点组成的优先级合。如果n=0,称为空树;如果n>0,则
一颗二叉树是结点的有限集合,该集合或者为空,或者是由一个根结点加上两棵分别称为左子树和右子树的互不相交的二叉树组成。
定义:满二叉树(Full Binary Tree):每一个层的结点数都达到最大值,则这个二叉树就是满二叉树。
定义:完全二叉树(Complete Binary Tree):若设二叉树的高度为h,则共有h+1层。除第h层外。其他各层(0~h-1)的结点数都达到最大个数,第h层从右向左连续缺若干结点,这就是完全二叉树。
若左孩子是一颗满二叉树,右孩子是满二叉树,则这棵树不一定是满二叉树。
若左孩子是一颗完全二叉树,右孩子是完全二叉树,则这棵树不一定是完全二叉树。
结点i,左孩子2i+1,右孩子2i+2。
所谓树的遍历,就是按某种次序访问树中的结点,要求每个节点访问一次且仅访问一次。
访问根节点记作V;遍历根的左子树记作L;遍历根的右子树记作R;
typedef char ElemType; typedef struct BtNode //BinaryTreeNode { ElemType data; struct BtNode* leftchild; struct BtNode* rightchild; }BtNode,*BinaryTree; //先序遍历 void PreOrder(BtNode* p) { if (p != NULL) { cout << p->data << " "; PreOrder(p->leftchild); PreOrder(p->rightchild); } } //中序遍历 void InOrder(BtNode* p) { if (p != NULL) { InOrder(p->leftchild); cout << p->data << " "; InOrder(p->rightchild); } } //后序遍历 void PastOrder(BtNode* p) { if (p != NULL) { PastOrder(p->leftchild); PastOrder(p->rightchild); cout << p->data << " "; } } int main() { BinaryTree root = CBTree1(); PreOrder(root); cout << endl; InOrder(root); cout << endl; PastOrder(root); cout << endl; return 0; }
BtNode* BuyNode() { BtNode* s = (BtNode*)malloc(sizeof(BtNode)); if (NULL == s)exit(1); memset(s, 0, sizeof(BtNode)); } //构建二叉树 BtNode* CBTree1() { BtNode* s = NULL; ElemType elem; cin >> elem; if (elem != '#') { s = BuyNode(); s->data = elem; s->leftchild = CBTree1(); s->rightchild = CBTree1(); } return s; } int FindIs(const char* is, int n, char ch) { int pos = -1; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { if (is[i] == ch) { pos = i; break; } } return pos; } BtNode* CreatePI(const char* ps, const char* is, int n) { BtNode* s = NULL; if (n > 0) { s = BuyNode(); s->data=ps[0]; int pos = FindIs(is, n, ps[0]); if (pos == -1)exit(1); s->leftchild = CreatePI(ps+1,is,pos); s->rightchild = CreatePI(ps+1+pos,is+1+pos,n-pos-1); } return s; } BtNode* CreateIL(const char* is, const char* ls, int n) { BtNode* s = NULL; if (n > 0) { s = BuyNode(); s->data = ls[n-1]; int pos = FindIs(is, n, ls[n-1]); if (pos == -1)exit(1); s->leftchild = CreateIL(is, ls, pos); s->rightchild = CreateIL(is + pos+1, ls+pos, n - pos - 1); } return s; } //中序和后序构建 BtNode* CreateBinaryTreePI(const char* is, const char* ls, int n) { if (is == NULL || ls == NULL || n <= 0) return NULL; else return CreatePI(is, ls, n); } //先序和中序构建 BtNode* CreateBinaryTreeIL(const char* ps, const char* is, int n) { if (ps == NULL || is == NULL || n <= 0) return NULL; else return CreateIL(ps, is, n); } int main() { char ps[] = { "ABCDEFGH" }; char is[] = { "CBEDFAGH" }; char ls[] = { "CEFDBHGA" }; int n = strlen(ps); BinaryTree root = NULL; root = CreateBinaryTreePI(ps, is, n); PreOrder(root); cout << endl; InOrder(root); cout << endl; PastOrder(root); cout << endl; return 0; }
== s->leftchild = CreatePI(ps+1,is,pos);
s->rightchild = CreatePI(ps+1+pos,is+1+pos,n-pos-1);==
== s->leftchild = CreateIL(is, ls, pos);
s->rightchild = CreateIL(is + pos+1, ls+pos, n - pos - 1);==
非递归的中序遍历1:
void NiceInOrder(BtNode* ptr) { if (ptr == NULL)return; std::stack<BtNode*>st; while (ptr != NULL || !st.empty()) { while (ptr != NULL) { st.push(ptr); ptr = ptr->leftchild; } ptr = st.top(); st.pop(); cout << ptr->data; ptr = ptr->rightchild; } cout << endl; }
非递归的后序遍历1:
void NicePastOrder(BtNode* ptr) { if (ptr == NULL) return; std::stack<BtNode*> st; BtNode* tag = NULL; while (ptr != NULL || !st.empty()) { while (ptr != NULL) { st.push(ptr); ptr = ptr->leftchild; } ptr = st.top(); st.pop(); if (ptr->rightchild == NULL || ptr->rightchild == tag) { cout << ptr->data; tag = ptr; ptr = NULL; //? } else { st.push(ptr); ptr = ptr->rightchild; } } cout << endl; }
非递归的后序遍历2:
struct StkNode { BtNode* pnode; int pos; public: StkNode(BtNode* p) :pnode(p), pos(0) {} }; void StkNicePastOrder(BtNode* ptr) { if (ptr == NULL) return; stack<StkNode> st; st.push(StkNode(ptr)); while (!st.empty()) { StkNode node = st.top(); st.pop(); if (++node.pos == 3) { cout << node.pnode->data; } else { st.push(node); if (node.pos == 1 && node.pnode->leftchild != NULL) { st.push(StkNode(node.pnode->leftchild)); } else if (node.pos == 2 && node.pnode->rightchild != NULL) { st.push(StkNode(node.pnode->rightchild)); } } } cout << endl; }
非递归的中序遍历2:
void StkNiceInOrder(BtNode* ptr) { if (ptr == NULL) return; stack<StkNode> st; st.push(StkNode(ptr)); while (!st.empty()) { StkNode node = st.top(); st.pop(); if (++node.pos == 2) { cout << node.pnode->data; if (node.pnode->rightchild != NULL) { st.push(StkNode(node.pnode->rightchild)); } } else { st.push(node); if (node.pnode->leftchild != NULL) { st.push(StkNode(node.pnode->leftchild)); } } } cout << endl; }
非递归的先序遍历:
void NicePreOrder(BtNode* ptr) { if (ptr == NULL) return; stack<BtNode*> st; st.push(ptr); while (!st.empty()) { ptr = st.top(); st.pop(); cout << ptr->data; if (ptr->rightchild != NULL) { st.push(ptr->rightchild); } if (ptr->leftchild != NULL) { st.push(ptr->leftchild); } } cout << endl; }
void LevelOrder(BtNode* ptr) { if (ptr == NULL) return; queue<BtNode*> qu; qu.push(ptr); while (!qu.empty()) { ptr = qu.front(); qu.pop(); cout << ptr->data; if (ptr->leftchild != NULL) { qu.push(ptr->leftchild); } if (ptr->rightchild != NULL) { qu.push(ptr->rightchild); } } cout << endl; }
void ZLevelOrder(BtNode* ptr) { if (ptr == NULL) return; stack<BtNode*> ast; stack<BtNode*> bst; ast.push(ptr); while (!ast.empty() || !bst.empty()) { while (!ast.empty()) { ptr = ast.top(); ast.pop(); cout << ptr->data; if (ptr->leftchild != NULL) { bst.push(ptr->leftchild); } if (ptr->rightchild != NULL) { bst.push(ptr->rightchild); } } while (!bst.empty()) { ptr = bst.top(); bst.pop(); cout << ptr->data; if (ptr->rightchild != NULL) { ast.push(ptr->rightchild); } if (ptr->leftchild != NULL) { ast.push(ptr->leftchild); } } } }
void InOrder(int* tree, int i, int n) { if (i < n && tree[i] != -1) { InOrder(tree, i * 2 + 1, n); // leftchild; cout << tree[i] << " "; InOrder(tree, i * 2 + 2, n); // rightchild } } int main() { int tree[] = { 31,23,12,66,-1,5,17,70,62,-1,-1,-1,88,-1,55 }; int n = sizeof(tree) / sizeof(tree[0]); InOrder(tree, 0, n); return 0; }
/二叉树的个数
int Count(BtNode* ptr)
{
if (ptr == NULL) return 0;
else return Count(ptr->leftchild) + Count(ptr->rightchild) + 1;
}
//二叉树的深度
int Depth(BtNode* ptr)
{
if (ptr == NULL) return 0;
else return std::max(Depth(ptr->leftchild), Depth(ptr->rightchild)) + 1;
}
bool Is_FullBinaryTree(BtNode* ptr) { bool tag = true; if (ptr == NULL) return tag; queue<BtNode*> aqu; queue<BtNode*> bqu; int s = 1; aqu.push(ptr); while (!aqu.empty() || !bqu.empty()) { if (s != aqu.size()) { tag = false; break; } while (!aqu.empty()) { ptr = aqu.front(); aqu.pop(); if (ptr->leftchild != NULL) bqu.push(ptr->leftchild); if (ptr->rightchild != NULL) bqu.push(ptr->rightchild); } s += s; if (s != bqu.size()) { tag = false; break; } while (!bqu.empty()) { ptr = bqu.front(); bqu.pop(); if (ptr->leftchild != NULL) aqu.push(ptr->leftchild); if (ptr->rightchild != NULL) aqu.push(ptr->rightchild); } s += s; } return tag; }
typedef char ElemType; typedef struct BtNode { ElemType data = '\0'; std::shared_ptr<BtNode> leftchild = nullptr; //BtNode* leftchild; std::shared_ptr<BtNode> rightchild = nullptr; }; BtNode* Buynode() { BtNode* s = (BtNode*)malloc(sizeof(BtNode)); if (NULL == s)exit(1); memset(s, 0, sizeof(BtNode)); return s; } int FindIs(const char* is, int n, char ch) { int pos = -1; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { if (is[i] == ch) { pos = i; break; } } return pos; } std::shared_ptr<BtNode> CreatePI(const char* ps, const char* is, int n) { std::shared_ptr<BtNode> s(NULL); if (n >= 1) { s = std::make_shared<BtNode>(); s->data = ps[0]; int pos = FindIs(is, n, ps[0]); if (pos == -1) exit(1); s->leftchild = CreatePI(ps + 1, is, pos); s->rightchild = CreatePI(ps + pos + 1, is + pos + 1, n - pos - 1); } return s; } std::shared_ptr<BtNode> CreateBinartTreePI(const char* ps, const char* is, int n) { if (ps == NULL || is == NULL || n <= 0) return NULL; else return CreatePI(ps, is, n); } void InOrder(std::shared_ptr<BtNode>& ptr) { if (ptr != NULL) { InOrder(ptr->leftchild); cout << ptr->data << " "; InOrder(ptr->rightchild); } } int main() { char ps[] = { "ABCDEFGH" }; char is[] = { "CBEDFAGH" }; char ls[] = { "CEFDBHGA" }; int n = strlen(ps); std::shared_ptr<BtNode> root = CreateBinartTreePI(ps, is, n); InOrder(root); } void ClearBinaryTree(BtNode* ptr) { if (ptr != NULL) { ClearBinaryTree(ptr->leftchild); ClearBinaryTree(ptr->rightchild); delete[]ptr; } }
typedef char ElemType; typedef struct BtNode { ElemType data; struct BtNode* leftchild; struct BtNode* rightchild; }BtNode, * BinaryTree; bool Is_CompBinaryTree(BtNode* ptr) { bool tag = true; if (ptr == NULL) return tag; queue<BtNode*> qu; qu.push(ptr); while (!qu.empty()) { ptr = qu.front(); qu.pop(); if (NULL == ptr) break; qu.push(ptr->leftchild); qu.push(ptr->rightchild); } while (!qu.empty()) { if (qu.front() != NULL) { tag = false; break; } qu.pop(); } }
typedef int ElemType; typedef struct BtNode { ElemType data; struct BtNode* leftchild; struct BtNode* rightchild; }BtNode, * BinaryTree; BtNode* FindValue(BtNode* ptr, ElemType val) { if (ptr == NULL || ptr->data == val) { return ptr; } else { BtNode* p = FindValue(ptr->leftchild, val); if (NULL == p) { p = FindValue(ptr->rightchild, val); } return p; } }
BtNode* FindPa(BtNode* ptr, BtNode* child) { if (ptr == NULL || ptr->leftchild == child || ptr->rightchild == child) { return ptr; } else { BtNode* p = FindPa(ptr->leftchild, child); if (NULL == p) { p = FindPa(ptr->rightchild, child); } return p; } } BtNode* FindParent(BtNode* ptr, BtNode* child) { if (ptr == NULL || child == NULL || ptr == child) return NULL; else return FindPa(ptr, child); }
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