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之前一直使用公网ip来连接各个机房的服务器,现在ip不太够用了,而且有些机器也不需要用到公网ip.通过openvpn将多个机房连接起来,组成一个局域网,机器ip可以做到唯一性,便于标识.既节省了ip.又方便管理.
本例环境如下,服务器使用的系统为centos 7.1
北京机房内网网段 172.16.2.0/24,服务器公网ip 20.20.20.20,内网网关172.16.2.1
广州机房内网网段 172.16.1.0/24,服务器公网ip 10.10.10.10,内网网关172.16.1.1
公司内网网段 172.16.3.0/24,防火墙公网ip 30.30.30.30,内网网关172.16.3.1,内网服务器ip 172.16.3.88
实现思路:
1.在广州机房搭建一个openvpn服务端,北京和公司内网各选一台服务器做openvpn的客户端连接广州.
2.openvpn使用桥接模式,开启client-to-client.北京和公司都连上后,这3台机器默认就能互访.
3.各内网网段的互通使用静态路由.
安装前需注意服务器的系统时间要一致,可按如下方法同步:
/usr/sbin/ntpdate cn.pool.ntp.org
如果没epel源,先添加下
wget http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/e/epel-release-7-5.noarch.rpm
rpm -Uvh epel-release-7-5.noarch.rpm
yum -y install openvpn easy-rsa
cp -r /usr/share/easy-rsa/ /etc/openvpn/
cd /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.*/
vim vars
设置如下内容
export KEY_COUNTRY="CN"
export KEY_PROVINCE="GD"
export KEY_CITY="guangzhou"
export KEY_ORG="test"
export KEY_EMAIL="me@myhost.mydomain"
export KEY_OU="MyOrganizationalUnit"
# X509 Subject Field
export KEY_NAME="EasyRSA"
产生证书
source ./vars
./clean-all
./build-ca
./build-key-server server
./build-dh
./build-key client
cd /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0/
cp -r keys/ /etc/openvpn/
vim /etc/openvpn/server.conf
关键配置如下:
port 1194 proto udp dev tap0 ca /etc/openvpn/keys/ca.crt cert /etc/openvpn/keys/server.crt key /etc/openvpn/keys/server.key dh /etc/openvpn/keys/dh2048.pem ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt server-bridge 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.2 172.16.1.10 client-config-dir ccd client-to-client duplicate-cn keepalive 10 120 comp-lzo user nobody group nobody persist-key persist-tun status openvpn-status.log verb 4 mute 20 script-security 3 #验证用户名密码脚本 auth-user-pass-verify /etc/openvpn/checkpsw.sh via-env #开启用户名和密码验证,用于服务端分配固定ip username-as-common-name client-config-dir /etc/openvpn/ccd #用于服务端分配固定ip
设置用户名和密码,并设置固定分配ip
cd /etc/openvpn vim psw-file #这里设置用于连接openvpn的用户名和密码,格式为用户名 + 空格 +密码,例如 bj test123456 com test123456 #在该目录下再新建一个ccd文件夹 mkdir ccd cd ccd #在该目录下新建两个文件,把用户名作为文件名的命名 vi bj #添加如下内容 ifconfig-push 172.16.1.2 255.255.255.0 vi com #添加如下内容 ifconfig-push 172.16.1.3 255.255.255.0
vi /etc/openvpn/checkpsw.sh
内容如下
#!/bin/sh ########################################################### # checkpsw.sh (C) 2004 Mathias Sundman <mathias@openvpn.se> # # This script will authenticate OpenVPN users against # a plain text file. The passfile should simply contain # one row per user with the username first followed by # one or more space(s) or tab(s) and then the password. PASSFILE="/etc/openvpn/psw-file" LOG_FILE="/var/log/openvpn-password.log" TIME_STAMP=`date "+%Y-%m-%d %T"` ########################################################### if [ ! -r "${PASSFILE}" ]; then echo "${TIME_STAMP}: Could not open password file \"${PASSFILE}\" for reading." >> ${LOG_FILE} exit 1 fi CORRECT_PASSWORD=`awk '!/^;/&&!/^#/&&$1=="'${username}'"{print $2;exit}' ${PASSFILE}` if [ "${CORRECT_PASSWORD}" = "" ]; then echo "${TIME_STAMP}: User does not exist: username=\"${username}\", password=\"${password}\"." >> ${LOG_FILE} exit 1 fi if [ "${password}" = "${CORRECT_PASSWORD}" ]; then echo "${TIME_STAMP}: Successful authentication: username=\"${username}\"." >> ${LOG_FILE} exit 0 fi echo "${TIME_STAMP}: Incorrect password: username=\"${username}\", password=\"${password}\"." >> ${LOG_FILE} exit 1
给openVPN服务端的网卡配置ip时,有两种方式选择:桥接或者在配置文件中设置,这里两种都示例下,选择任意一个即可,推荐用配置文件分配(简单些~)。
#5.1 在配置文件中指定
vim /etc/openvpn/server.conf
在ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt下添加一行
ifconfig 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0
#5.2 通过桥接分配
##5.2.1 启动桥接脚本
#!/bin/bash ################################# # Set up Ethernet bridge on Linux # Requires: bridge-utils ################################# # Define Bridge Interface br="br0" # Define list of TAP interfaces to be bridged, # for example tap="tap0 tap1 tap2". tap="tap0" # Define physical ethernet interface to be bridged # with TAP interface(s) above. eth="ens9" #这里注意下网卡名 eth_ip="172.16.1.1" eth_netmask="255.255.255.0" eth_broadcast="172.16.1.255" for t in $tap; do /usr/sbin/openvpn --mktun --dev $t done brctl addbr $br brctl addif $br $eth for t in $tap; do brctl addif $br $t done for t in $tap; do ifconfig $t 0.0.0.0 promisc up done ifconfig $eth 0.0.0.0 promisc up ifconfig $br $eth_ip netmask $eth_netmask broadcast $eth_broadcast route add -net 172.16.2.0/24 gw 172.16.1.2 route add -net 172.16.3.0/24 gw 172.16.1.3
##5.2.2 停止桥接脚本
#!/bin/bash
####################################
# Tear Down Ethernet bridge on Linux
####################################
# Define Bridge Interface
br="br0"
# Define list of TAP interfaces to be bridged together
tap="tap0"
ifconfig $br down
brctl delbr $br
for t in $tap; do
/usr/sbin/openvpn --rmtun --dev $t
done
nat链添加如下规则
-A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth1 -j MASQUERADE
-A POSTROUTING -s 172.16.0.0/16 -j MASQUERADE
filter链添加如下规则
-A INPUT -s 20.20.20.0/24 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -s 30.30.30.0/24 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -s 172.16.0.0/16 -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -j ACCEPT
echo 'net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl -p
systemctl -f enable openvpn@server.service
systemctl start openvpn@server
以北京20.20.20.20服务器为例
1.安装openvpn,步骤同上
2.将openvpn服务端(10.10.10.10)的三个证书文件ca.crt client.crt client.key(路径/etc/openvpn/keys)拷贝到/etc/openvpn/下
3.添加openvpn启动脚本
cd /etc/openvpn vi client.sh #添加如下内容 #!/bin/sh case "$1" in start) /usr/sbin/openvpn /etc/openvpn/client.ovpn > /dev/null & sleep 5 route add -net 172.16.3.0/24 gw 172.16.1.3 ;; stop) pkill openvpn ;; restart) pkill openvpn sleep 2 /usr/sbin/openvpn /etc/openvpn/client.ovpn > /dev/null & ;; esac vi psw.conf #添加如下内容 bj test123456 vi client.ovpn #添加如下内容 client dev tap proto udp remote 10.10.10.10 1194 resolv-retry infinite nobind persist-key persist-tun mute-replay-warnings ca ca.crt cert client.crt key client.key ns-cert-type server comp-lzo auth-user-pass psw.conf 添加执行权限 chmod +x client.sh #加入系统启动项 echo '(cd /etc/openvpn; ./client.sh start)' >> /etc/rc.local
4.设置iptables
nat链添加如下规则
-A POSTROUTING -d 172.16.0.0/16 -o tap0 -j MASQUERADE
filter链添加如下规则
-A FORWARD -i eth0 -o tap0 -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -i tap0 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT
5.设置完成后,重启下防火墙,启动openvpn
systemctl restart iptables
(cd /etc/openvpn; ./client.sh start)
ping下广州内网网关172.16.1.1,如果ping通说明北京与广州可以互通了.
#ping 172.16.1.1 -c 4
PING 172.16.1.1 (172.16.1.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.16.1.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=37.1 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.1.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=37.0 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.1.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=37.2 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.1.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=37.0 ms
--- 172.16.1.1 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3040ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 37.053/37.133/37.268/0.083 ms
6.公司内网openvpn连接设置与北京一样,注意用户名密码及路由的不同:
公司内网的openvpn的启动脚本如下: vi client.sh #添加如下内容 #!/bin/sh case "$1" in start) /usr/sbin/openvpn /etc/openvpn/client.ovpn > /dev/null & sleep 5 route add -net 172.16.2.0/24 gw 172.16.1.2 ;; stop) pkill openvpn ;; restart) pkill openvpn sleep 2 /usr/sbin/openvpn /etc/openvpn/client.ovpn > /dev/null & ;; esac
7.北京,公司内网的openvpn都连接上后,在广州openvpn的服务器上添加如下路由
route add -net 172.16.2.0/24 gw 172.16.1.2
route add -net 172.16.3.0/24 gw 172.16.1.3
8.以上步骤成功完成后,北京内网,广州内网,公司内网即可互相访问.在任意的一台服务器上都可以访问其他节点的服务器,实现了内网互通的需求.
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